Interspecies gene transfer provides soybean resistance to a fungal pathogen

Fungal pathogens pose a major challenge to global crop production. Crop varieties that resist disease present the best defence and offer an alternative to chemical fungicides. Exploiting durable nonhost resistance (NHR) for crop protection often requires identification and transfer of NHR‐linked genes to the target crop. Here, we identify genes associated with NHR of Arabidopsis thaliana to Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causative agent of the devastating fungal disease called Asian soybean rust. We transfer selected Arabidopsis NHR‐linked genes to the soybean host and discover enhanced resistance to rust disease in some transgenic soybean lines in the greenhouse. Interspecies NHR gene transfer thus presents a promising strategy for genetically engineered control of crop diseases.     

Effect of dietary vegetable oils on the fatty acid profile of plasma lipoproteins in dairy cows

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of dietary supplementation of soybean oil (SO) and hydrogenated palm oil (HPO) on the transport of fatty acids (FA) within plasma lipoproteins in lactating and non-lactating cows. Three lactating and three non-lactating Holstein cows were used in two different 3 × 3 Latin square experiments that included three periods of 21 d. Dietary treatments for lactating cows consisted of a basal diet (control; no fat supplement) and fat-supplemented diets containing SO (500 g/d per cow) or HPO (500 g/d per cow). For non-lactating cows, dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (control; no fat supplement) and fat-supplemented diets containing SO (170 g/d per cow) or HPO (170 g/d per cow). Compared with the control and SO diet, HPO addition increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of C16:0, C18:0, C18:2cis-9,12, C18:3cis-9,12,15 and total saturated and polyunsaturated FA in the plasma of lactating cows. In non-lactating cows, the SO addition increased the plasma concentration of C18:1trans-11. In lactating cows, concentrations of C16:0, C18:0 and total saturated FA were increased (p < 0.05) by HPO addition in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Total saturated FA were increased (p < 0.05) by HPO in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). In non-lactating cows, the concentration of C18:0 was increased (p < 0.05) by HPO in HDL, whereas C18:1trans-11 was increased (p < 0.05) by SO in the low-density lipoprotein. Overall, it was found that distribution and transport of FA within the bovine plasma lipoproteins may be influenced by chain length and degree of unsaturation of dietary lipids. Also, the distribution of individual FA isomers such as C18:1trans-11 and C18:2cis-9,trans-11 may vary depending on the physiological state of the cow (lactating or non-lactating), and are increased in plasma (lactating cows) and the HDL (non-lactating cows) when cows are fed SO.     

An EPR spin probe study of liposomes from sunflower and soybean phospholipids

Comparative properties of lecithin-based liposomes prepared from the mixed phospholipids of sunflower seeds, soybean and egg yolk were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. For these investigations, stable nitroxide radicals, 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl 5,7-dimethyladamantane-1-carboxylate (DMAC-TEMPO), 5-doxylstearic acid (5-DSA) and 16-doxylstearic acid (16-DSA) were used as spin probes. Binding of the spin probes to the liposome membranes resulted in a substantial increase of the apparent rotational diffusion correlation times. The EPR spectra of the incorporated nitroxides underwent temperature-dependent changes. For every spin probe, values of apparent enthalpy and entropy of activation were calculated from the temperature dependence of rotational diffusion correlation times via Arrhenius equation. In case of DMAC-TEMPO, the data point to differences between the phospholipid bilayer of liposomes derived from sunflower and soy lecithin, and some similarity between the sunflower and egg yolk liposomes. Anisotropic hyperfine interaction constants of DMAC-TEMPO and 16-DSA included in the liposomes have been analyzed and attributed to different micropolarity of the surroundings of the spin probes. The kinetics of EPR signal decay of DMAC-TEMPO in the presence of 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) suggest the better stability of the sunflower liposomes to lipid peroxidation as compared to the liposomes prepared from soy lecithin.     

Analysis of isoflavones and coumestrol in soybean sprouts

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis is used to examine the distribution of isoflavones in different parts of soybean sprouts. Between the seed leaf and hypocotyl, the ratio of isoflavones differs depending on the aglycone type. Glycitein exists predominantly in the hypocotyl. Three compounds isolated from 4-day-old seed coats were identified as coumestrol and its glycosides.     

大豆SbPRP3基因表达及转基因烟草非生物胁迫鉴定

为研究大豆(Glycine max L.)细胞壁脯氨酸富集蛋白基因(SbPRP3)在逆境胁迫中的作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR,对SbPRP3在高盐、干旱和低温处理下的表达情况进行检测。结果显示,SbPRP3在高盐处理下表达量升高,在干旱和低温处理下表达量先升高后降低。将SbPRP3构建到植物表达载体pRI101-AN上并转化烟草,获得阳性转基因烟草3株。对转基因烟草植株进行高盐、干旱和低温胁迫处理。结果表明,与对照相比,高盐和低温处理下转基因烟草脯氨酸积累量增加,而丙二醛产生量降低。但干旱处理后转基因烟草脯氨酸和丙二醛的含量与对照相比没有显著差异。由此推测SbPRP3可以提高转基因烟草的耐盐性和耐寒性。     

高寒区大豆关键生育期低温冷害指标构建

构建高寒区大豆低温冷害指标对系统分析高寒区大豆适应气候变化对策、防灾减灾及其他胁迫的协同适应技术具有参考意义。本研究利用1980—2020年黑龙江省大豆低温冷害灾情史料、生育期资料及研究区78个气象站逐日气温资料,采用GIS技术匹配生育期与气象数据,考虑不同生育阶段积温距平、日平均气温低于生育下限温度的持续日数,构建高寒区大豆综合性冷害指数。利用K-S分布拟合检验及置信区间下限值确定阈值方法,构建高寒区大豆关键生育阶段低温冷害等级指标。结果表明: 大豆播种-出苗期,研究区大豆轻度、中度、重度冷害低温指数下限值分别为0.061、0.115、0.237;出苗-开花期分别为0.072、0.152、0.312;开花-成熟期分别为0.133、0.245、0.412。由低温指数反演的黑龙江省大豆低温冷害时间分布与历史灾情记载吻合度很高;空间上表现出较明显的纬度特征,冷害发生频率呈自南向北逐渐增加的趋势。     

嫁接诱导大豆低镉富集性状及遗传稳定性

通过野外小区实验,从8个大豆品种中筛选出2个低镉富集品种作为砧木,2个高镉富集品种作为接穗植物,研究嫁接当代以及接穗子代镉富集性状的变化,探明嫁接诱导镉富集性状变异的机制及其遗传稳定性.结果表明:大豆的镉富集性状表现出显著的品种间差异,以低镉富集品种(铁丰29和东鲜1号)作砧木,可以使接穗大豆植株(青仁黑1号和中黄38...