皖南、赣北奥陶纪笔石立体标本形成环境的初步研究*

皖南、赣东北和赣西北地区奥陶纪笔石地层发育良好,笔石化石丰富。宁国组和胡乐组均为笔石相地层,但笔石的保存特点并不相同。立体保存的黄铁矿化笔石标本主要见于宁国组,而胡乐组的笔石几乎均为薄膜标本。在比较宁国组和胡乐组在岩性、颜色、化石、矿物和元素等方面的特点后发现,两者有较明显的差异。这表明宁国组和胡乐组形成时的环境是不同的,前者为弱还原环境,后者为较强的还原环境,而在研究区内影响笔石体立体保存的主要因素为还原环境和较高的铁含量。在还原环境下,铁可呈Fe~(2+)存在,笔石体内含有硫,死亡后经降解作用可生成H_2S;H_2S和Fe~(2+)结合可使笔石体黄铁矿化,从而使笔石体硬化而呈立体保存下来。宁国组的铁含量明显高于胡乐组,这似可以解释宁国组产有较多笔石立体标本的原因。     

条鳅亚科鱼类一新属新种

本文描述了云南省条鳅亚科鱼类一新属和一新种。根据形态特征并结合区系间的相互关系,探讨了属的分类地位。     

四川青城山优食蚜蝇属二新种记述（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）

本文记述四川青城山优食蚜蝇属Eupeodes 2新种:青优食蚜蝇Eupeodes (Eupeodes) qingchengshanensis和小优食蚜蝇Eupeodes(Eupeodes)parvus,均属于Eupeodes s.str.,亚属。模式标本保存于上海农学院昆虫标本室。     

湘南山区农业生态系统能量分析

一、引言由于农业系统的复杂性和存在较多的随机因素,对农业系统实行全面定量研究是比较困难的,仅从定性的描述和一些经济指标来判定系统的优劣及系统的特征是不理想的。而从能量观点对农业生态系统加以分析则是一个全面且能定量的方法,并且具有较强的客观性,能够反映农业生态系统最基本、最本质的关系。     

内蒙古草蛉研究Ⅱ.五新种及二新记录种(脉翅目:草蛉科)

内蒙古地处我国北部边疆,全境以高原为主,西部为戈壁沙漠,东部为宽阔草原,绝大多数地区属于温带大陆性气候;动物地理区划属于古北区中亚细亚区的内蒙河西干草原区。该区现已知草蛉3属16种(包括本文所记述的5新种和2新记录种),其分布特点是以狭义的草蛉属Chrysopa为主,而且以广布于华北地区的叶色草蛉Chrysopaphyllochroma Wesmeal为代表种,新种的模式标本分别保存在中国科学院动物研究所及北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

New genera of Copepoda (Poecilostomatoida) from the scleractinian coral Psammocora in New Caledonia

Three new monotypic genera of copepods (Poecilostomatoida) are associated with the hermatypic shallow-water coral Psammocora (Stephanaria) logianensis near Noumea, New Caledonia: in the Anchimolgidae, Lipochaetes extrusus (antenna 4-segmented, endopods absent in legs 3 and 4) and Dumbeana undulatipes (antenna 3-segmcntcd, endopod of leg 3 with formula 0 1; 0–2; 1,11,2; leg 4 endopod with 0 1:1); and in the Rhynchomolgidae; Emunoa proknta (leg 4 endopod with 0 1;II, antenna 4-segmented, mandible witli outer pointed process and inner row of spines). Copepoda (primarily Poecilostomatoida and Siphonostomatoida, but also relatively few Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida) are very frequent associates or parasites of Scleractinia. At present 245 species from 48 scleractinian coral genera are known. Species of these copepod associates, their host genera, and localities, described since (and those not included in) previous publications of the author are listed.     

Early ordovician reefs from Argentina: Stromatoporoid vs stromatolite origin

Summary Late Arenigian biohermal reef mounds and biostromes within the shallow-marine platform facies of the upper San Juan Formation of the Precordillera (Western Argentina) represent a new Early Ordovician reef type. The meter-sized reefs are dominated byZondarella communis n.g. n. sp. The new taxon is characterized by domical, bulbous and laminar morphotypes exhibiting growth layers and thin horizontal and vertical as well as intermingled skeletal elements included within different sets. The fossil maybe compared with stromatolites and stromatoporoids but an interpretation as primitive stromatoporoids is favoured.     

云南瘤虻属一新种（双翅目：虻科）

本文记述瘤忙属１新种－－药山瘤虻Ｈｙｂｏｍｉｔｒａ ｙａｏｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本保存在北京军事医学科学院。     

藏酋猴的分类与分布

本文基于外部形态,毛色,头骨特征和地理分布对藏酋猴进行了分类整理,认为藏酋猴在不同地理区域之间的差异已达到了亚种水平,可分为４个亚种（包括两新亚种）：Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｔｈｉｂｅｔｎａ,Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｐｕｌｌｕｓ．Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｈｕａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｕｂｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和Ｍ．ｔｈｉｂｅｔａｎａｇｕｉｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｕｂｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

Chemical soil conditions in pristineNothofagus forests of New Zealand as compared to German forests

In many German forest soils low base saturation of CEC in deeper soil layers was reported and acidic deposition is seen as the major cause of these findings. To test this hypothesis we sampled 5 New Zealand forest soils from pristine beech (Nothofagus fusca, N. menziesii, N. solandri) sites under climatic and geological conditions comparable to higher elevations in Germany. The soils developed from granite and greywacke. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and the exchangeable cations were extracted with 1M NH₄Cl. The base saturation of all soil profiles was very low, even in deeper layers and was thus similar to the patterns found in many German forest soils. The pH was generally higher in the New Zealand soils as compared to Germany. The reason for the depletion of base cations in deeper soil layers of New Zealand forest soils is most likely the leaching of base cations with HCO₃ ^- resulting from the dissociation of carbonic acid in connection with high amounts of seepage. Thus, under high rainfall conditions, the low base saturation found in deeper layers of forest soils cannot exclusively be attributed to the effects of acidic depositions and land use. ei]Section editor: R F Huettl