Interaction of force transmission and sarcomere assembly at the muscle-tendon junctions of carp (Cyprinus carpio): ultrastructure and distribution of titin (connectin) and α-actinin

At muscle-tendon junctions of red and of white axial muscle fibres of carp, new sarcomeres are found adjacent to existing sarcomeres along the bundles of actin filaments that connect the myofibrils with the junctional sarcolemma. As the filament bundles that transmit force to the junction originate proximal to new sarcomeres, they probably relieve these new sarcomeres from premature loading. In red fibres, these filament bundles are long (up to 20 m) and dense, permitting light-microscopical immunohistochemistry (double reactions: anti-titin or anti--actinin and phalloidin). New sarcomeres have clear I bands; their A band lengths are similar to those of older sarcomeres and the thick filaments lie in register. T tubules are found at the distal side of new sarcomeres but terminal Z lines are absent. The late addition of -actinin suggests that -actinin mainly has a stabilizing role in sarcomere formation. The presence of titin in the terminal fibre protrusions is in agreement with its supposed role in sarcomere formation, viz. the integration of thin and thick filaments. The absence of a terminal Z line from sarcomeres with well-registered A bands suggests that this structure is not essential for the anchorage of connective (titin) filaments.     

八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交育种的研究

利用八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交,创造了一些异附加系和异代换系,选育出一个特早熟、矮秆、抗病、高产、优质小麦新品种－“早优５０４”。总结了八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交育种程序。     

动物鸣叫声计算机分析

动物鸣叫声计算机分析姜仕仁,丁平,施青松诸葛阳（杭州大学生物科学与技术系３１００１２）ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＡｎｉｍａｌ’ｓＣａｌｌｉｎｇＳｏｕｎｄ￥ＪｉａｎｇＳｈｉｒｅｎ,Ｄｉｎｇ,Ｐｉｎｇ,ＳｈｉＱｉｎｇｓｏｎｇ,ＺｈｕｇｅＹａｎｇ...     

Aortal collagen polymorphism in monkey and man

Aortal collagen typing in monkey and man showed the presence of types I, HI and V in human aorta and types I and III in monkey aorta. Type III collagen was found to be a predominate type in both species. The molecular weight of type III collagen was similar in these species while type I collagen was different. Both monkey and human collagen types I and III were found to be immunogenic. Type I collagen was significantly increased while type III was decreased in human atherosclerotic plaque. Collagen typing in fatty streak remained unaltered.     

中国疫霉属异宗配合种的交配型

在疫霉属真菌中,很多种是重要的经济植物的病原菌,寄主范围广泛,包括乔木、灌木和各种农作物;为害性大,常带来严重的经济损失。本文主要研究疫霉异宗配合种的交配型。根据疫霉在纯培养和成对培养(dual culture)中产生有性器官的能力,疫霉属可分为同宗配合种和异宗配合种两大类群。异宗配合种的A~1交配型与同一种或其它种的A~2交配型进行成对培养时,可以形成有性器官。两个可亲合菌系配合而形成有性器官时,可能发生基因重组,其结果将使病原菌具有更强的生存能力、致病力以及更广泛的寄主范围。因此,研究疫霉两种不同的交配型的分布,不仅对认识病害的发生发展规律,进一步设计防治措施有着重要意义,而且对疫霉属的起源、演化和移栖也有着深远的理论意义。作者对收集到的7个异宗配合种:Phytophthora capsici,P.cinnamomi,P.citrophthora,P.colocasiae,P.infestans,P.nicotianae,P.palmivora的38个分离物进行了交配型的研究,测定工作使用澄清的Campbell蔬菜汁琼脂培养基(V8C),用于确定交配型的菌系有P.nicotianae var.parasitica A~1,P.nicotianae var.parasitica A~2,P.cinnamomi A~1,P.cinnamomi A~2,P.palmivora A~1,P.palmivora A~2.每个分离物分别与已知种的A~1和A~2两个菌系成对接种于同一V8C平板上,放入25℃温箱中培养,2周后在两个菌落的连线上检查有性器官的产生情况。实验结果表明,中国疫霉属异宗配合种的这些分离物的交配型与寄主或地理分布似无相关性,同一种植物上分离到的同种疫霉可以是A~1交配型,也可以为A~2交配型;同一地区可以出现两种交配型,不同地区又有相同的交配型。云南西双版纳橡胶园中的分离物(P.citrophthora,P.colocasiae,P.palmivora)都表现为中性。     

山西朔县种子植物区系及其生态经济意义

朔县(现朔州市朔城区)植物种属相对丰富,具有维管束植物938种,隶属于420属,105科。其植物区系主要起源于古北大陆;种子植物属的地理成分复杂多样,以温带成分占绝对优势,具有典型的温带草原性质;与相邻地区植物区系的比较分析表明,联系最为密切的是蒙古草原植物区系,其次是黄土高原植物区系。该县植物资源利用应采取的对策是:既要合理开发利用,又要加强物种的保护。     

Comparative genet survival after fire in woody Mediterranean species

Summary Using data from three fires in northeastern Spain, we tested a condition necessary to support the idea that fire has been a factor in the evolution of the resprouting habit: populations of all resprouting species within a community should show high levels of genet survival after fires and show a low coefficient of variation. Species with high mean survival values were:Quercus ilex L.,Phillyrea latifolia L., andViburnum tinus L., with 88, 86 and 83% survival respectively; these groups had resprouts emerging from rootcrowns. Then followedArbutus unedo L. (75%),Pistacia lentiscus L. (73%),Erica arborea L. (77%),Erica multiflora L. (57%) andJuniperus oxycedrus L. (55%). This last group had resprouts from lignotubers or burls. These two groups also differed in the variability around the mean: the first showed a lower coefficient of variation, 6–12, and the second ranged from 19 to 26. Slope exposure had no significant influence on the process of resprouting, but soil depth did, with precipitation as a covariate. In the shallow soil category, the difference in genet survival between southern and northern exposures was 14% (71% vs. 57%); while the difference in the deep soil category was low, 5% (87% vs. 82%). There was no significant interaction. The component of variance for soils was larger than that for species-specific effects; substantial overlap of the within-species variance indicated that species responded as if they were a single hypothetical population, in which most of the variation in chances of survival was due to the soil conditions. The possession of the resprouting habit did not ensure a high performance. Hence, we find weak support for fire as a factor in the evolution of the resprouting habit.