全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4138篇 |
免费 | 230篇 |
国内免费 | 618篇 |
专业分类
4986篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 78篇 |
2022年 | 101篇 |
2021年 | 114篇 |
2020年 | 135篇 |
2019年 | 134篇 |
2018年 | 144篇 |
2017年 | 121篇 |
2016年 | 124篇 |
2015年 | 118篇 |
2014年 | 193篇 |
2013年 | 277篇 |
2012年 | 137篇 |
2011年 | 233篇 |
2010年 | 165篇 |
2009年 | 252篇 |
2008年 | 263篇 |
2007年 | 251篇 |
2006年 | 252篇 |
2005年 | 190篇 |
2004年 | 185篇 |
2003年 | 180篇 |
2002年 | 151篇 |
2001年 | 113篇 |
2000年 | 99篇 |
1999年 | 92篇 |
1998年 | 91篇 |
1997年 | 60篇 |
1996年 | 67篇 |
1995年 | 52篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 41篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 33篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 34篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有4986条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
2000-2012年京津风沙源治理区植被覆盖时空演变特征 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
植被是陆地生态系统的主体,分析长时期植被覆盖变化,有助于揭示陆地生态环境的演变规律。研究以京津风沙源重点治理区的MODIS02B产品为数据源,通过数据处理获得2000—2012年的NDVI(Normalized difference vegetation index)时序数据集,采用线性趋势分析、标准差、Hurst指数和相关系数等方法,分析京津风沙源重点治理区植被覆盖的时空变化特征及影响因子。结果显示:(1)近13年来,治理区植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势(R2=0.70),2012年NDVI值达最大值0.324,比2000年增加了135.62%。但增加速率和幅度各异:北部干旱区(Bbghq)增加速度最快,浑善达克区(Hsdkq)次之,农牧交错区(Nmjcq)植被变化相对稳定。(2)工程区地表植被覆盖改善区域的面积明显大于退化区域,其中得到改善且通过显著性检验(P=0.10)的区域约占总面积的94.31%;Hurst指数分析表明,工程区植被变化整体呈中强持续性特征,面积合计约占64.48%;综合分析表明,工程区植被变化以良性发展为主,特别是强持续性的退化区和弱持续性的改善区值得关注,二者合计占35.27%。(3)人类活动是京津风沙地区植被覆盖上升的重要驱动因素;自然因素中,降水是控制工程区植被生长的主要因子,温度的影响相对较弱。 相似文献
132.
Two cDNA forms were characterized for a human dnaJ homologue, HSJ2. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the gene product HSJ2 was longer than previously reported, extending its homology to other human DnaJ paralogues, and that the two cDNAs encoded two proteins as a result of alternative splicing. The products were 326 amino acids (designated as HSJ2a) and 241 amino acids (HSJ2b) in length, sharing the N-terminal 231 amino acids including the DnaJ homology region. When fused to green fluorescent protein and expressed in HeLa cells, HSJ2a was found to be localized to the nucleus, indicating that HSJ2a is a nuclear co-chaperone. HSJ2b, however, was observed throughout the cell, consistent with the elimination of a putative nuclear localization signal sequence as a result of the alternative splicing. 相似文献
133.
We report here on the characterization and isolation of two ecotypes of Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck that coexist in wastewater reservoirs. One ecotype (C1) contains high amounts of chlorophyll b, is capable of autotrophic growth, and can utilize only a few organic solutes for growth. The second ecotype (C2) contains low amounts of chlorophyll b, requires vitamin B12, and can support its growth with a broad range of organic compounds. Of the two ecotypes, the latter showed slower growth rates when light was the sole source of energy. Cells of C2-type Chlorella attained higher photosynthetic activities than C1-type cells at saturating irradiances. However, their low chlorophyll b content and lower light utilization efficiency suggest that C2-type Chlorella contains relatively low amounts of light-harvesting antennae, a disadvantage in severely light-limited ecosystems like wastewater reservoirs. We hypothesize that the two Chlorella types coexist by adopting different lifestyles: C1-type cells rely largely on their photosynthetic potential for energy conservation and growth, whereas C2-type cells may exploit their heterotrophic properties for this purpose. 相似文献
134.
The impacts of various nitrogen sources, i.e. NO−
3, NH4
+ or NH4NO3 in combination with gaseous NH3, on nitrogen-, carbon- and water-use efficiency and 13C discrimination (δ13C) by plants of the C3 species Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and the C4 species Zea mays L. (maize) were studied. Triticum aestivum and Z. mays were hydroponically grown with 2 mol · m−3 of N supplied as NO−
3, NH4
+ or NH4NO3 for 21 and 18 d, respectively, and thereafter exposed to gaseous NH3 at 320 μg · m−3 or to ambient air for 7 d. In T. aestivum and Z. mays over a 7-d growth period, nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) values were influenced by N-sources in the decreasing order NH4NO3-N > NO−
3-N > NH4
+-N and NO−
3-N > NH4NO3-N > NH4
+-N, respectively. Fumigation with NH3 decreased the NUE values of plants grown with any of the N-forms. During 28- and 7-d growth periods, N-sources affected water-use
efficiency (WUE) values in the decreasing order of NH4
+-N > NO−
3-N≈NH4NO3-N in non-fumigated T. aestivum, while fumigation with NH3 increased the WUE of NO−
3-grown plants. There were insignificant effects of N-sources on WUE values of Z. mays over 25- and 7-d growth periods. Furthermore, δ13C values in plant tissues (leaves, stubble and roots) were higher (less negative) in NH4
+-grown plants of T. aestivum and Z. mays than in those supplied with NH4NO3 or NO−
3. Regardless of the N-form supplied to the roots of the plant species, exposure to NH3 caused more-positive δ13C values in the plant tissues. These results indicate that the variations in N-source were associated with small but significant
variations in δ13C values in plants of T. aestivum and Z. mays. These differences in δ13C values are in the direction expected from differences in WUE values over long or short growth periods and with differences
in the extent of non-Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, EC 4.1.1.39) carboxylate contribution to net
C acquisition, as a function of N-source.
Received: 12 September 1997 / Accepted: 13 January 1998 相似文献
135.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(3):657-666
As lack of forage resource, alternative roughage sources have been developed for ruminant production and their inclusion would exert a great effect on the dietary nutrition, consequently affecting animal performance. Four silages (corn silage (CS), corn stalk silage (SS), inoculated CS and inoculated SS) were separately offered to 60 Bohai Black cattle (15 cattle/group) during a 24-week finishing period, in which the growth performance, carcass trait, beef quality and oxidative stability of steers were determined. Neither silage material nor silage inoculant exerted a significant effect on the growth performance, carcass trait and oxidative stability of beef cattle (P>0.05). As to beef quality, cattle offered CS had higher (P<0.05) contents of intramuscular fat than those offered SS along with a lower moisture content (P<0.05). The contents (mg/g muscle) of C10 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 1, C16 : 0, C16 : 1, C18 : 1n9c, C18 : 2n6c, C18 : 3n3, C20 : 1n9, C20 : 2, C20 : 3n6, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids were higher (P<0.05) in the beef muscle of animals offered CS than those offered SS, whereas inoculated treatment made no difference (P>0.05) on the proximate components and fatty acids profile of beef muscle. There was neither an interaction (P>0.05) between inoculated treatment and silage material. There were no differences (P>0.05) in cholesterol content and meat quality traits in animals fed alternative silages. The collective findings suggest that it is not economical to substitute high-quality forage for relative low-quality forage in a high-concentrate finishing ration of beef cattle and silage inoculant inclusion would not exert a direct effect on animal performance. 相似文献
136.
构建生态安全格局是一种协调区域生态保护与经济发展关系的有效途径。由于生态系统服务供需差异,不同等级的行政区在生态安全格局构建中出现了空间结构错位脱节的问题。从整合视角出发,尝试整合伊犁河谷地区州级和县级两级尺度构建昭苏县生态安全格局。首先基于生态系统服务评价确定生态源地,再构建综合阻力面并采用电路理论模型识别生态廊道。研究结果显示,整合州级和县级两级尺度昭苏县共确定了24个生态源地,面积2504.47km2,主要分布于昭苏中部盆地以及北部、南部山区,土地利用类型主要为耕地、草地和林地;识别生态廊道50条,总长度200.17km。与单一尺度下生态安全格局构建相比,整合不同尺度构建生态安全格局能显著改善区域生境破碎化的问题,提高区域景观连通性。本研究提供了一种整合不同尺度下生态安全格局构建的技术框架,研究结果可为伊犁河谷地区国土空间格局优化提供有效参考。 相似文献
137.
Improvement of pea biomass and seed productivity by simultaneous increase of phloem and embryo loading with amino acids 下载免费PDF全文
Lizhi Zhang Matthew G. Garneau Rajtilak Majumdar Jan Grant Mechthild Tegeder 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,81(1):134-146
The development of sink organs such as fruits and seeds strongly depends on the amount of nitrogen that is moved within the phloem from photosynthetic‐active source leaves to the reproductive sinks. In many plant species nitrogen is transported as amino acids. In pea (Pisum sativum L.), source to sink partitioning of amino acids requires at least two active transport events mediated by plasma membrane‐localized proteins, and these are: (i) amino acid phloem loading; and (ii) import of amino acids into the seed cotyledons via epidermal transfer cells. As each of these transport steps might potentially be limiting to efficient nitrogen delivery to the pea embryo, we manipulated both simultaneously. Additional copies of the pea amino acid permease PsAAP1 were introduced into the pea genome and expression of the transporter was targeted to the sieve element‐companion cell complexes of the leaf phloem and to the epidermis of the seed cotyledons. The transgenic pea plants showed increased phloem loading and embryo loading of amino acids resulting in improved long distance transport of nitrogen, sink development and seed protein accumulation. Analyses of root and leaf tissues further revealed that genetic manipulation positively affected root nitrogen uptake, as well as primary source and sink metabolism. Overall, the results suggest that amino acid phloem loading exerts regulatory control over pea biomass production and seed yield, and that import of amino acids into the cotyledons limits seed protein levels. 相似文献
138.
外源基因在大肠杆菌中表达是对基因重组技术的成功应用。外源基因在不同的大肠杆菌表达系统中表达产物可能定位于大肠杆菌空间结构的不同位置:胞质,胞质膜,胞周质,胞外膜和胞外培养基,五种表达定位方式各有其特点和用途 。 相似文献
139.
辽东楤木光合和蒸腾作用对光照和土壤水分的响应过程 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用CIRAS-2型便携式光合作用系统,测定了不同土壤含水量下辽东楤木光合作用与蒸腾作用的光响应过程,探讨了辽东楤木对光照环境和土壤水分的适应性.结果表明:辽东楤木的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片水分利用效率(WUE)对光量子通量密度(PFD)的响应过程不同;在强光范围内(PFD 800~1 800 μmol·m-2·s-1),随着光强增加,辽东楤木的Pn变化较小,而Tr逐渐减小,WUE明显提高.辽东楤木的光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)分别在800和30 μmol·m-2·s-1左右,且受土壤含水量变化的影响较小;但其光合量子效率(Ф)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)受土壤含水量变化的影响较大.辽东楤木的Pn和WUE对土壤含水量的变化有明显的阈值响应,其高效用水的土壤相对含水量(RWC)在44%~79%;在此范围内,辽东楤木能同时获得较高的光合速率和水分利用效率. 相似文献
140.
Zehui Jiang 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(2):127-131
Abstract A pollen diagram from a small lake, Kutulahdenlampi, in northern Finland is interpreted in terms of the development of forest vegetation during the Holocene. The abundance of each of the forest taxa is considered independently by means of pollen accumulation rates (PARs), using as the reference material, long term average pollen deposition values monitored by a network of pollen traps. Particular attention is paid to the arrival of spruce and to the species in the original forests that this newcomer replaces. A model of pollen dispersal and deposition developed by Sugita is used to estimate the area around the lake that the pollen assemblage is most clearly reflecting. This relevant source area of pollen (RSAP), for the present day situations is c. 1,500 m. Pollen loadings calculated for a simulated landscape that mimics (i) that of the present day and (ii) for the situation at 8,000 BP (as deduced from the PARs) are compared with the pollen assemblages from the diagram at those points in time, and are seen to be compatible. The advantages of combining PAR and modelling to look at the spatial scale of vegetation reconstructions are discussed. 相似文献