一种改进的普洱茶固态发酵过程微生物DNA提取方法

为开发一种改进的普洱茶固态发酵过程微生物DNA提取方法,首先配制含有吐温-20、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、乙二胺四乙酸二钠(Na2EDTA)等组分的洗涤缓冲液,引入超声波振荡、涡旋、65℃水浴、反复洗涤等手段,把普洱茶发酵微生物较高质量的收集起来,再使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)法提取微生物总DNA。按照本文所述方法所得到的菌体沉淀接近白色,后续提取出的DNA总量高、色度低、杂质少,适用于PCR及基因组学等研究。     

红酵母产类胡萝卜素固态发酵工艺条件的研究

该文研究了红酵母菌株D固态发酵产类胡萝卜素的培养基配方和发酵条件,得到初步优化的培养基为:啤酒糟∶豆粕∶麸皮=1∶3∶2.通过正交试验优化的培养条件是培养基含水量为60%,装量为6/150(即6g干基按设计的初始含水量用盐溶液配好后装于150ml三角瓶中),接种龄为24h,无机盐为0.5g/L MgSO4,其色素产量为14.2μg/g干基。色素产量随接种量增大而增大,细胞生物量、类胡萝卜素产量和含量均随发酵时间的增加逐渐增加,在96h分别达到最大值67.75mg dry-cell/g干基、9.88μg/g干基、145.80μg/g dry-cell,确定其最佳发酵周期为96h。     

Challenges and opportunities of the bio-pesticides production by solid-state fermentation: filamentous fungi as a model

In recent years, production and use of bio-pesticides have increasing and replacing some synthetic chemical pesticides applied to food commodities. In this review, biological control is focused as an alternative, to some synthetic chemical treatments that cause environmental, human health, and food quality risks. In addition, several phytopathogenic microorganisms have developed resistance to some of these synthetic chemicals and become more difficult to control. Worldwide, the bio-pesticides market is growing annually at a rate of 44% in North America, 20% in Europe and Oceania, 10% in Latin and South American countries and 6% in Asia. Use of agro-industrial wastes and solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology offers an alternative to bio-pesticide production with advantages versus conventional submerged fermentations, as reduced cost and energy consumption, low production of residual water and high stability products. In this review, recent data about state of art regarding bio-pesticides production under SSF on agroindustrial wastes will be discussed. SSF can be defined as a microbial process that generally occurs on solid material in the absence of free water. This material has the ability to absorb water with or without soluble nutrients, since the substrate must have water to support the microorganism’s growth and metabolism. Changes in water content are analyzed in order to select the conditions for a future process, where water stress can be combined with the best spore production conditions, obtaining in this way an inexpensive biotechnological option for modern agriculture in developing countries.     

A weighing method to identify the microbial growth phases in solid-state fermentation tests

A general equation correlating the variation rate of the fermenting medium weight (dry matter) and the cell biomass growth rate in solid-state fermentation tests is proposed with the main purpose of identifying the microbial growth phases. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

利用黑曲霉固态发酵啤酒糟生产饲料复合酶的研究

以啤酒糟为主要基质,利用黑曲霉固态发酵生产酸性蛋白酶、木聚糖酶和纤维素酶等多种饲料复合酶,研究了黑曲霉固态发酵培养基组成对复合酶酶活的影响,确定最优培养基配方为:啤酒糟75%,麸皮25%,硫酸铵1%,KH_2PO_4 0.2%,MnSO_4 0.1%、ZnSO_4 0.2%,料水比1:2。在适宜的发酵条件下,经30℃发酵5 d,烘干后得到的复合酶制剂中,具有多种酶活性(以干基计)。其中酸性蛋白酶活力3 800 U/g,木聚糖酶活力12 00 U/g和纤维素酶活力18 U/g。     

Synthesis of Sphingosine Analogs with Acyclic Terpenoidal Carbon Skeleton

A simple and general synthetic method is described for erythro- and threo-forms of 2-amino-1,3-diols with an acyclic terpenoid-type side chain. ¹³C-NMR data are given for the triacetyl and N-acetyl derivatives of the synthetic erythro- and threo-2-amino-1,3-diols.     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的条件优化

研究采用响应面法优化黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的培养条件。应用Plackett—Burman试验筛选出重要影响因子：五倍子粉含量、（NH4）2SO4浓度以及接种孢子量,最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域。应用Box．Behnken响应面试验对重要影响因子进一步优化。得到最佳培养条件：每250mL三角瓶中装入1．0g五倍子粉、4．4g稻壳和0．5g麸皮、液固比（mL／g）2：1且营养盐溶液组成为（NH4）2s0421g/L、MgSO4·7H2O1g／L、NaCl1g／L,培养基pH自然,接种5．7×10^7个孢子后在30℃温度下培养4d。在此条件下,单宁酶产量从40U／g提高到114U／g,3次重复验证性试验平均值为115U／g,验证了模型的可靠性。     

Gibberellic acid production using different solid-state fermentation systems

Gibberellic acid production in liquid fermentation was compared with production of this compound in solid-state fermentation systems using cassava flour, sugar cane bagasse and low density polyurethane. Gibberella fujikuroi produced 23 mg of gibberellin/ml in 120h of liquid fermentation. Solid-state fermentation on bagasse showed excellent growth but presented gibberellin extraction problems. Very low production and growth was observed in solid-state fermentation with low density polyurethane as an inert support. Solid-state fermentation on cassava flour showed high production (250 mg/kg of dry solid medium) in a very short time (36h).     

Pilot-scale production of mosquitocidal toxins by Bacillus thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus sphaericus under solid-state fermentation

Mosquitocidal toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus 14N1 (Ls14N1) were produced under solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial wastes. Sugar beet pulp–sesame meal (1:1) and wheat germ meal–linen meal (1:1) at 9% were the efficient substrate mixtures for the growth and toxin production of Bti and Ls14N1, respectively. Bti was more active after the addition of beef extract (0.2%) or yeast extract (0.5%) to the medium. On the other hand, the addition of yeast extract (0.2%) or NYSM salts (2%) significantly enhanced the toxicity produced by Ls14N1. The optimum conditions for the maximum toxicity of Bti were at pH 7–8, 20–30% moisture, 4–10% inoculum and 7 days incubation. For Ls14N1, the best conditions were pH 6.5–7.5, 20–30% moisture, 4–10% inoculum and 5 days incubation. It was found that the best thickness of carrier-substrates in the plate (15?cm in diameter) for the maximum mosquitocidal activity was about 0.5?cm for Bti and 0.5–1?cm for Ls14N1. Pilot-scale production in aluminium trays applying the above conditions showed a decrement of toxicity of fermented cultures and some plates were contaminated. These problems were dissolved by reducing the moisture content to 15%, increasing inoculum to 10% and manual agitation of trays every-day.     

里氏木霉与米根霉混合固态发酵产纤维素酶

以里氏木霉及米根霉单菌固态发酵为对象,考察不同混合发酵形式对里氏木霉与米根霉混合固态发酵产纤维素酶的影响。结果表明:同时接种里氏木霉与米根霉,试验考察的两菌种接种量比1∶1(以孢子个数计)及5∶1条件下,两菌未产生明显协同产酶作用。米根霉延时(24 h)接种且菌种量比5∶1以及米根霉延时(48 h)接种且菌种量比1∶1,2种发酵形式产酶情况类似,滤纸酶活(FPA)及羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)酶活相对米根霉单菌发酵有所提高,而β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-GA)酶活相对里氏木霉单菌固态发酵结束时分别增加4.66及4.40倍,可以发现两菌产生一定协同作用。在米根霉延时(48 h)接种且菌种量比5∶1的发酵形式下,FPA及CMCase在发酵第7天酶活分别达到44.04 IU/g、627.14 U/g(以1 g干曲计),分别是里氏木霉固态单菌发酵产酶达到稳定期时酶活的1.36和1.63倍,两菌产生了有效的协同作用。