改性谷朊粉在新型水性涂料中的应用研究

研究了谷朊粉的酸法改性及其在新型水性涂料中的应用.改性谷朊粉除具有优良的粘结性、流动性和流平性外,还提高了与涂料乳液的相容性,解决了谷朊粉原胶在涂料使用过程中的开裂严重,使得涂料具有更优的流平性和涂膜外观.     

Bacteriological and chemical changes occurring in Bunker-stored silage covered with biodegradable coating

AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of a biodegradable silage coating for the ability to protect timothy (Phleum pratensa) type silage against spoilage and its quality under natural conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Triplicate mini-silos of silage were prepared for three treatments (1: uncoated; 2: coated with biodegradable coating and 3: sealed with plastic), two types of storage (unprotected or protected from rain) and 10 sampling times (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56, 63 and 70 days postensiling). Triplicate mini-silos were opened at each sampling time for microbiological (total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, moulds and yeasts) and biochemical analyses [pH, dry matter (DM), water-soluble sugars (WSC), lactic (LA), acetic, propionic and butyric acids content]. The study showed that at day 70, counts of moulds and yeasts in silages protected against rain and coated with biodegradable coating were 5.98 log CFU g(-1) when compared with 5.92 and 3.62 log CFU g(-1) in samples from plastic-sealed silage and uncoated silage, respectively. The pH was low and stable pH (4.34) when compared with uncoated (7.17) and plastic sealed (8.34) silages (P < or = 0.05). A DM, WSC and LA content of 421.7, 13.4 and 20.9 g kg(-1) was, respectively, observed. For silage stored outdoors, a level of moulds and yeasts of 3.77 log CFU g(-1) of silage was also observed in silages coated with biodegradable coating after 28 days of storage. A stable pH showing a mean value of 4 was also observed. The pH, DM, WSC and LA content were, respectively, 4.18, 341.1, 13.34 and 31.8 g kg(-1) in these samples. After 70 days of storage, the level of moulds and yeasts on silage sealed with biodegradable coating was 7.73 log CFU g(-1). A DM, WSC and LA content of 291.9, 5.56 and 10.0 g kg(-1) was, respectively, observed. CONCLUSIONS: When compared with uncoated silage, the application of biodegradable coating can preserve the quality of silage for up to a month when exposed to rain and up to 70 days when protected from rain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results emphasize the possibility of the use of a biodegradable coating as an alternative to plastic film for sealing horizontal bunker silos.     

石墨化炭/炭复合材料＋羟基磷灰石涂层（C/C＋HA）复合骨植入材料研究

目的：通过建立兔股骨缺损的动物实验模型,对采用等温化学气相沉积法和等离子喷涂技术所制备的石墨化炭/炭复合材料＋羟基磷灰石涂层（C/C＋HA）复合骨植入材料进行骨植入实验的的生物相容性进行评价,探索该复合材料作为植入机体骨组织的可行性依据。方法：采用骨科钻在实验动物股骨髁上钻孔的方法建立骨缺损的动物实验模型,将待研究比较的实验材料分别植入实验动物的股骨髁内,持续观察8周,在术后第2、4、8周时应用X线照片、组织学染色和扫描电镜技术,分别观察所研究材料在机体内对骨缺损愈合及其对机体的影响,进行组间比较和相关性分析。结果：石墨化炭/炭复合材料＋羟基磷灰石涂层（C/C＋HA）复合骨植入材料的骨植入实验生物相容性良好,材料与骨组织结合牢固,界面中成骨细胞生长明显,且炭颗粒脱落现象少,未见炎症细胞浸润。植入动物体内的材料在植入期未引起机体局部的炎症浸润反应且表面脱落的碳颗粒在机体组织中也未引起局部严重的炎症反应。在实验动物植入材料后的连续8周观察期中,组织学观察显示：表面涂有HA的炭/炭复合材料对骨组织形态改建上表现良好,其与骨组织接界处所形成的纤维结缔组织膜层厚度明显比未涂HA的材料要小,与骨组织结合更为紧密和牢固;碳颗粒出现脱落游离的现象明显减少。结论：在炭/炭复合材料表面涂以HA生物涂层对骨的形态改建和促进骨小梁生长等方面具有良好的作用,是一种具有发展潜力的骨修复材料。     

The effects of grooming on a copper ablative coating: a six year study

More than 90% of US Navy Ships are coated with copper ablative paint. These ships may spend long periods of time pier-side, which makes them vulnerable to fouling. Hull grooming has been proposed as a means of maintaining the coatings in an operational condition. This study investigated the effect of grooming on a copper ablative coating exposed statically for six years. Grooming was performed weekly or monthly with controls left ungroomed. The fouling community was visually assessed, dry film thickness measurements were taken to monitor coating loss, and the copper leaching rates were measured. It was found that weekly and monthly groomed surfaces reduced fouling, and the ungroomed surfaces became fully fouled. Coating loss was similar for weekly, monthly and ungroomed surfaces. The results suggest that grooming is a viable method for maintaining copper ablative coatings in a fouling-free condition without adverse increases in the total copper output.     

鬼臼毒素涂膜剂治疗子宫颈HPV 感染的疗效观察

目的:了解鬼臼毒素涂膜剂治疗子宫颈HPV感染的疗效。方法:126例临床诊断证明为子宫颈HPV感染的患者,随机分为两组,试验组63例采用0.5%鬼臼毒素涂膜剂治疗,对照组63例单独采用0.5%鬼臼毒素酊治疗。结果:①痊愈率:试验组与对照组的痊愈率分别为90.5%、73.00%,两组比较具有统计学学差异(P<0.05);②复发率:试验组与对照组第12、24周的复发率分别为9.52%、28.57%和9.52%、36.51%,两个时段的两组比较均具有统计学差异(P<0.05);③不良反应:经随访观察,两组发生了红斑、水肿、灼热、疼痛、瘙痒、溃疡、渗出等不良反应,其中两组比较试验组红斑、水肿、溃疡、渗出的发生率低于对照组,具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:鬼臼毒素涂膜剂能有效治疗子宫颈HPV感染,并控制复发,副作用小,比采用鬼臼毒素酊治疗的效果好。     

Decision Support through Mass and Energy Flow Management in the Vehicle-Refinishing Sector

In the past few decades, major advances in environmental protection within the coating application industry have been made. In spite of this technological progress, approximately 50% of industrial-solvent emissions still come from the paint-application sector. The advances made in reducing emissions for plants requiring licensing have unfortunately had no influence on the environmental efforts of smaller companies. Solvent-reduced painting systems, such as high-solid paints, water-based coating, and powder coating have not been able to achieve acceptance, nor have innovative application technologies. The principal arguments against a conversion to these ecologically more favorable alternatives were related to cost and quality.
Recently, the EU Solvent Directive (1999/13/EC) went into effect, aiming to significantly reduce industrial-solvent emissions. Up until this point, however, instruments enabling smaller companies to determine their solvent emissions and to simultaneously develop process-improvement potentials while keeping costs in mind have been missing.
Using the mass and energy flow-management approach, cost structures and environmental benefits can be made transparent to the entrepreneur. The primary result of the research projects presented here is the computer-based mass and energy flow model called the individual computer-aided mass and energy flow model for the vehicle-refinishing sector (IMPROVE). It can be used as a detailed business-consultancy tool. Based upon this, practical guidelines were developed for easy orientation and activity planning. They can be used by companies to help them fulfill the requirements of environmental legislation and to display the benefits that can be achieved by various emission-reduction measures.     

Crystal structure of Brugia malayi venom allergen-like protein-1 (BmVAL-1), a vaccine candidate for lymphatic filariasis

Brugia malayi is a causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, a major tropical disease. The infective L3 parasite stage releases immunomodulatory proteins including the venom allergen-like proteins (VALs), which are members of the SCP/TAPS (Sperm-coating protein/Tpx/antigen 5/pathogenesis related-1/Sc7) superfamily. BmVAL-1 is a major target of host immunity with >90% of infected B. malayi microfilaraemic cases being seropositive for antibodies to BmVAL-1. This study is part of ongoing efforts to characterize the structures and functions of important B. malayi proteins. Recombinant BmVAL-1 was produced using a plant expression system, crystallized and the structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined to 2.1?Å, revealing the characteristic alpha/beta/alpha sandwich topology of eukaryotic SCP/TAPS proteins. The protein has more than 45% loop regions and these flexible loops connect the helices and strands, which are longer than predicted based on other parasite SCP/TAPS protein structures. The large central cavity of BmVAL-1 is a prototypical CRISP cavity with two histidines required to bind divalent cations. The caveolin-binding motif (CBM) that mediates sterol binding in SCP/TAPS proteins is large and open in BmVAL-1 and is N-glycosylated. N-glycosylation of the CBM does not affect the ability of BmVAL-1 to bind sterol in vitro. BmVAL-1 complements the in vivo sterol export phenotype of yeast mutants lacking their endogenous SCP/TAPS proteins. The in vitro sterol-binding affinity of BmVAL-1 is comparable with Pry1, a yeast sterol transporting SCP/TAPS protein. Sterol binding of BmVAL-1 is dependent on divalent cations. BmVAL-1 also has a large open palmitate-binding cavity, which binds palmitate comparably to tablysin-15, a lipid-binding SCP/TAPS protein. The central cavity, CBM and palmitate-binding cavity of BmVAL-1 are interconnected within the monomer with channels that can serve as pathways for water molecules, cations and small molecules.