Anthocyanin inheritance in petals of flax, Linum usitatissimum

Twelve anthocyanins have been isolated from flax: the 3-glucosylrutinosides of pelargonidin, cyanidin and delphinidin; the 3-triglucosides of delphinid     

Flavonoids and tannins of Acacia species

The heartwoods of Acacia giraffae and A. galpinii were selected from South African Acacias as representative of those with abnormally high and minimal tannin contents respectively. A. galpinii contains amongst other analogues, the first natural (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-trans-teracacidin (7,8,4′-trihydroxy-flavan-3,4-diol and novel 3-O-methyl-, 7,8-di-O-methyl- and 7,8,4′-tri-O-methylflavonol analogues. (−)-2,3-cis-3,4-cis-Melacacidin (7,8,3′,4′-tetrahydroxyflavan-3,4-diol) is also present, but tannins are absent. By contrast, from the large excess of leueofisetinidin tannins which characterizes the wood of A. giraffae, only (+)-catechin, (+)-2,3-trans-3,4-trans-leucofisetinidin (7,3′,4′,trihydroxyflavan-3,4-diol and all-trans-(+)-leueofisetinidin-(+)-catechin could be isolated.     

Flavonol methyl ethers from Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus

Two new flavonols, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3,6,8,3′-tetramethoxyflavone and quercetagetin 3,5,6,3′-tetramethyl ether, were identified in leaves of Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. Eight known methyl ethers based on kaempferol, quercetin or their 6-hydroxy derivatives were also detected.     

Scanning molecular sieve chromatography of interacting protein systems. IV. The difference profile method as applied to the Gibbs-Duhem expression in the analysis of the dimer-tetramer equilibria of oxyhemoglobin A

The recently-developed large zone difference profile method in scanning molecular sieve chromatography is applied to the analysis of the Gibbs-Duhem expression in the tetramer-dimer equilibrium of human oxyhemoglobin A. The preferential binding term and solvation parameters of the Hofmeister anion phosphate are examined. Results indicate that as the concentration of phosphate ions increase, a hydrated phosphate is formed which enhances the association by perturbing the solvation layer of the hemoglobin molecules. The standard free energy change at a given Hofmeister anion activity of InA(x) = -3.2476 is 9.4 +/- 0.2 kcal mole . DeltaG degrees at InA(x) = -1.2711 is 10.90 +/- 0.05 kcal mole , suggesting that approximately 11 kcal are required to dissociate one mole of tetramer into dimer.     

Pericytes and perivascular microglial cells in the basal forebrain of the neonatal rabbit

Summary Three types of pericytes outline the vascular bed in Golgi preparations of the newborn rabbit brain. Elongate cells (Type I) are restricted to capillaries, elements resembling smooth muscle cells (Type II) surround vessels of intermediate size, and large flat forms (Type III) cover the surface of arterioles and venules. Electron microscopy shows all types to be located within a well defined perivascular basement membrane. It also reveals the presence of filaments in the cytoplasm of some pericytes resembling the myofilaments of smooth muscle cells. It suggests the possibility that some pericytes are capable of contraction and may participate in regulating blood flow in small vessels.Microglia cells bear no resemblance to pericytes in terms of their shape, distribution or staining characteristics. Microglia cells are located outside the vascular basement membrane (external basal lamina) in the brain parenchyma, and they vary in form according to their location and the character of the surrounding extracellular space. This study does not support the hypothesis that microglia cells arise from pericytes but indicates that they originate either by in situ division or from hematogenous elements that enter the brain by crossing the vessel wall.Support provided by N.I.H. Grants No. NS 10864 and NS 07938 from the U.S. Public Health Service.     

有机物料对喀斯特地区石灰土有效N、Fe、Zn含量的影响

为研究不同有机物料对喀斯特石灰土元素有效性的影响,采用40 d的室内培养实验,比较了单独添加不同比例（1%、3%、5%）的生物质炭、鸡粪肥、羊粪肥对喀斯特石灰土有效N、Fe、Zn含量的影响。结果表明：添加生物质炭提高了喀斯特石灰土的pH值,而添加鸡粪肥和羊粪肥降低了喀斯特石灰土的pH值;添加3种有机物料均增加了喀斯特石灰土的有机质含量,大小关系为：生物质炭 > 鸡粪肥 > 羊粪肥,但添加鸡粪肥和羊粪肥土壤有机质的化学活性和微生物活性更高。受pH、有机质活性、碳氮比等因素的影响,添加鸡粪肥和羊粪肥能增加土壤有效N含量,但两种有机肥对土壤有效N的提高效果相差不大,而添加生物质炭反而降低了土壤有效N的含量;3种有机物料均能提高土壤的有效Fe和有效Zn含量,其中鸡粪肥效果最佳,其次为羊粪肥和生物质炭。当3种有机物料的添加比例为5%时,生物质炭处理土壤的有效N、Fe、Zn含量分别是对照处理的0.92、1.13、1.21倍;鸡粪肥处理土壤的有效N、Fe、Zn含量分别是对照处理的1.22、1.63和3.39倍;羊粪肥处理土壤的有效N、Fe、Zn含量分别是对照处理的1.27、1.34和2.59倍。所以,相对于生物质炭,有机粪肥对喀斯特地区的石灰土有更好的改良效果。     

水葫芦根际细菌群落结构多样性分析

【目的】了解水葫芦根际细菌群落结构。【方法】运用末端限制性片段长度多态性(Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism,T-RFLP)技术分析富营养化水体中水葫芦根际和水葫芦近、远水样的细菌群落特征及多样性,结合克隆文库技术和培养法分析根际的细菌种群类型。【结果】同一时期水葫芦根际细菌多样性(Shannon-Weiner指数H′或Simpson指数D)更高,水葫芦近水样次之,远水样最小。10月份的细菌多样性高于5月份的。通过水葫芦根际细菌的克隆文库可知变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)是水葫芦根际细菌的主要类群,占总群体的65.1%,包括噬菌弧菌(Bacteriovorax sp.)、Dechloromonas sp.、Leptothrix sp.、红螺菌科(Rhodospirillaceae)、Rhodoferax sp.和红环菌科(Rhodocyclaceae)等。T-RFLP图谱显示159 bp为最大优势菌,247 bp为第二大优势菌,对照克隆文库及培养结果分析247 bp属于γ-Proteobacteria,159 bp为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)。【结论】水葫芦根际细菌的群落结构丰富,不同时段水葫芦根际细菌的丰度略有变化,主要类群为变形杆菌门。