西藏藏族青少年体型

为了探讨藏族青少年体型发育特征及其规律, 本文应用Heath-Carter体型法对2530名藏族青少年体型进行评价。结果发现, 藏族青少年的平均体型男性为偏中胚层的外胚层型(2.40—3.29—3.72),女性为中间型(3.65—2.87—3.32); 男性的体型以外胚层系体型为主(58.52%), 女性体型以内胚层系(32.62%)和外胚层系为主(35.40%); 随着年龄的增长, 藏族青少年的体型发展有一定的规律, 男性由中胚层-外胚层均衡型经偏中胚层的外胚层型又发展回中胚层-外胚层均衡型, 女性由中胚层-外胚层均衡型经历均衡的外胚层型发展为均衡的内胚层型。因此, 本文认为,藏族男性青少年身体的线性程度高、外形上比较瘦削、肌肉较发达; 藏族女性青少年较男性身体的脂肪含量多、线性程度相对较高。     

重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建基本原则和方法

随着人类活动的日益加强,生态安全成为全球关注的话题.生态安全的状态受到人类干扰活动的影响,而区域生态安全演变也会影响人类活动的功效.20世纪90年代以来,我国先后开展了长江三峡大坝、青藏铁路、西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重大工程项目的建设.这些重大工程建设对区域生态安全的影响,以及区域生态系统演变对工程安全运行的影响成为我国政府关注的重要课题.如何在强度干扰下开展生态恢复与区域生态安全格局的构建,不仅关系到区域生态环境的保护,也关系到各项重大工程的顺利运行.本文系统分析了工程建设的类型、特征及其对区域生态环境的影响,在此基础上,提出了重大工程建设中生态恢复与安全格局构建的基本原则和方法.认为在工程建设中构建生态安全格局需要从6个方面着手：区域生态环境现状分析与评价、工程建设生态干扰与风险评价、生态安全格局预案构建、区域生态环境效应情景分析、区域生态恢复与安全格局再优化和生态系统管理方案的建立.讨论了我国重大工程建设中生态安全格局构建面临的突出问题.     

温带草甸草原土壤N2O产生过程研究

以大量的室内模拟培养实验,以内蒙古温带草甸草原土壤为研究对象,利用AIM乙炔抑制法,模拟野外条件对原样土壤样品进行N₂O产生过程进行研究。实验结果表明:内蒙古温带草甸草原土壤N₂O产生过程以硝化作用为主。其中异养硝化作用起主导作用,自养硝化潜势和反硝化潜势在草原植物不同生长季节变化不同,总体上异养硝化潜势>自养硝化潜势>反硝化潜势。由于自养硝化作用在不同季节的发生,使得草甸草原土壤N₂O的产生潜势也高、低起伏变化。从而揭示了内蒙古温带草原土壤以异养硝化作用过程为主产生N₂O和N₂O排放通量较低的微生物学机理。     

Comparison of two pollen counting methods of slides from a hirst type volumetric trap

Two of the most frequently used methods of pollen counting on slides from Hirst type traps are evaluated in this paper: the transverse traverse method and the longitudinal traverse method. The study was carried out during June–July 1996 and 1997 on slides from a trap at Worcester, UK. Three pollen types were selected for this purpose: Poaceae, Urticaceae and Quercus. The statistical results show that the daily concentrations followed similar trends (p < 0.01, R-values between 0.78–0.96) with both methods during the two years, although the counts were slightly higher using the longitudinal traverses method. Significant differences were observed, however, when the distribution of the concentrations during 24 hour sampling periods was considered. For more detailed analysis, the daily counts obtained with both methods were correlated with the total number of pollen grains for the taxon over the whole slide, in two different situations: high and low concentrations of pollen in the atmosphere. In the case of high concentrations, the counts for all three taxa with both methods are significantly correlated with the total pollen count. In the samples with low concentrations, the Poaceae and Urticaceae counts with both methods are significantly correlated with the total counts, but none of Quercus counts are. Consideration of the results indicates that both methods give a reasonable approximation to the count derived from the slide as a whole. More studies need be done to explore the comparability of counting methods in order to work towards a Universal Methodology in Aeropalynology. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

植物生态学方法在中药材质量研究中的应用与展望

中药材是植物在长期进化过程中 ,通过对环境的不断适应而形成的较为稳定的品系。由于气候、土壤、地形等的不同 ,一些地区非常适应某些药材生长 ,形成了传统的道地药材 ,如河南的怀地黄 ,四川的川连、川贝 ,宁夏的枸杞 ,广西的三七 ,甘肃的当归 ,吉林的人参等。随着中医药的不断发展 ,人们对中药材的质量问题越来越重视 ,其药材质量的生物学本质问题成为药材学研究的热点之一。在这一研究中 ,植物生态学的理论和方法 ,在药材研究的不同历史时期几乎都有渗透 ,格外引起人们的关注。本文将对此进行三个研究阶段的综述。1　朴素的本草描述研究…     

野生经济植物资源橡籽仁可利用价值的研究

以京白种鸡作鸡作试验动,以玉米、稻谷作对照,采用鸡真代谢能（ＴＭＥ）法研究野生经济植物资源橡胶籽仁的可利用营养价值。结果表明,橡籽仁１ｋｇ含量总能（ＧＥ）１６．５３ＭＪ,表观代谢能（ＡＭＥ）１１．１３ＭＪ,真代谢能（ＴＭＥ）１１．６６ＭＪ,,含粗蛋白（ＣＰ）１０．６３％,ＣＰ的表观利用率（ＣＰＡＡ）４５．５５％,真利用率（ＣＰＴＡ）４９．８３％,１７种氨基酸（ＡＡ）总含量９．２３％,必需氨基酸（Ｅ     

关于数量化I方法的自变量之间交互作用计算

自变量之间存在交互作用时,在应用数量化方法Ｉ时如何计算自变量间的交互作用建立数量化方程．     

Direct colorimetric assay of microcystin using protein phosphatase

A new direct colorimetric assay of microcystin in water and algal samples is proposed consisting of two procedures as follows: 1) the elimination of phosphorus in the sample and concentration of microcystin using a C₁₈ cartridge, 2) the detection of the released phosphorus by the ascorbic acid method and determination of protein phosphatase (PP) inhibition by microcystin. The optimum amounts of phosphorylase α and PP-1 in 50 μL concentrated sample were 50 μg/50 μL buffer and 1.0 unit/50 μL buffer, respectively, for the best assay. The pH for the maximum activity of PP-1 was 8. The minimum detectable concentration for this method was about 0.02 μg/L, which is sufficient to meet the proposed guideline level of 1 μg microcystin/L in drinking water. Consequently, it would seem that the proposed direct colorimetric assay using PP is a rapid, easy, and convenient method for the detection of microcystin in water and algal samples.