烧伤膏对小鼠皮肤烫伤创面愈合的修复作用研究

目的:探讨烧伤膏对烫伤小鼠皮肤创面修复的可能作用机制。方法:将50只小鼠随机分为5组:正常组、模型组,烧伤膏高、中、低剂量组。除正常组和模型组外,烧伤膏实验组小鼠每天外涂烧伤膏治疗,连用15天。治疗结束后,采用Masson染色技术检测各组小鼠皮肤厚度及细胞病理形态;采用生化法检测皮肤中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量;采用ELISA技术检测皮肤中的TNF-α,IL-1β、Collagen I、EGF和TGF-β1的含量。结果:与正常组相比,模型组小鼠皮肤烫伤创面可见表皮细胞脱落,结构模糊,细胞变性坏死,表皮和真皮厚度明显减少,胶原纤维变薄,排列紊乱无序,呈断裂状;烧伤后创面局部组织中Hyp、TNF-α、IL-1β的含量显著升高(P0.01,P0.01,P0.01),而EGF、TGF-β1和Collagen I含量均明显减少(P0.01,P0.01,P0.01),而应用烧伤膏治疗15天后,上述各项实验指标明显得到改善。结论:烧伤膏抑制创面早期感染,减少胶原蛋白的分解和促进后期创面修复的作用可能与抑制炎性细胞因子和增加皮肤相关生长因子表达的作用机制有关。     

愈创紫草油对头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放疗所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤的改善作用研究

摘要 目的：探讨愈创紫草油改善头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤的临床疗效,以期为头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤提供新的治疗方法。方法：选取安徽中医药大学附属六安医院2021年3月-2023年3月头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗患者100例作为研究对象,随机数字表随机分为观察组和对照组,各50例。两组均采用适形调强放射治疗,对照组给予常规放疗皮肤管理与宣教,观察组在对照组基础上给予涂抹愈创紫草油治疗。比较两组皮肤黏膜损伤程度、临床疗效、放疗完成率、皮损愈合时间,放疗2、4、6周时数字评分法（NRS）评分、Karnofsky功能状态（KPS）评分、皮肤病生活质量量表（DLQI）评分;放疗前、放疗6周时炎性细胞因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）]水平及皮肤不良反应。结果：观察组皮肤黏膜损伤程度分级低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组总有效率94.00%较对照组80.00%高（P＜0.05）;放疗4、6周时观察组NRS评分、DLQI评分低于对照组,KPS评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组放疗完成率均为100%,观察组皮损愈合时间较对照组短（P＜0.05）;放疗6周时观察组血清IL-6、PCT、hs-CRP水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者均未出现过敏所致皮疹、红肿、瘙痒等皮肤不良反应。结论：愈创紫草油可有效减轻头颈部恶性肿瘤放疗所致放射性皮肤黏膜损伤,降低血清炎性细胞因子水平,促进患者皮损愈合,提高生活质量,疗效显著,且安全性高。     

Effects of the neurotrophic factor artemin on sensory afferent development and sensitivity

Artemin is a neuronal survival and differentiation factor in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family.Its receptor GFRα3 is expressed by a subpopulation of nociceptor type sensory neurons in the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia(DRG and TG).These neurons co-express the heat,capsaicin and proton-sensitive channel TRPV1 and the cold and chemical-sensitive channel TRPA1.To further investigate the effects of artemin on sensory neurons,we isolated transgenic mice(ARTN-OE mice) that overexpress art...     

Psychophysical Studies of the Itch Sensation and Itchy Skin (“Alloknesis”) Produced by Intracutaneous Injection of Histamine

Psychophysical measurements of itch and itchy skin (“alloknesis”—itch produced by innocuous mechanical stimulation) were obtained in human volunteers following intracutaneous or subcutaneous injections of histamine or papain into the volar forearm. Histamine and papain were given in doses of 0.1, 1, or 10 μg in 10 μl of saline. The effects of the depth of injection and of skin temperature on the latency, magnitude, and duration of itch were examined. Also, dose-response functions were obtained for the area of alloknesis produced by intracutaneous injections of histamine. Finally, the neural mechanisms underlying the spread of alloknesis were investigated via local anesthesia of the skin.

Intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections of histamine, but not papain, produced a sensation of itch without pain. The latency of itch was shorter after an intracutanous than after a subcutaneous injection of histamine. The mean latencies of itch produced by a 1-μg dose were 9.5 and 23.0 sec for intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections, respectively. No differences were observed in the magnitude or duration of itch. Similarly, the latency of itch was increased when the skin temperature at injection site was lowered to 15°C, whereas the magnitude and duration of itch were unaffected.

Intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections of histamine produced similar areas of alloknesis. However, the magnitude and duration of alloknesis were dependent on dose. The mean maximum areas of alloknesis produced by intracutaneous injections of 0.1, 1, and 10 μg of histamine were 28.3, 47.2, and 43.8 cm², respectively. Alloknesis was present at 2 min after injection, increased to a maximum area without 10 min, and then gradually decreased during the next 25-40 min. Once developed, the area was typically abolished when the injection site was cooled to 1-4°C. Rewarming the injection site to 38°C returned the area to its original size. Also, when histamine was injected into a small area of skin anesthetized with Xylocaine, alloknesis failed to develop until the anesthetic wore off. In addition, when histamine was injected 5 mm distal to a thin mediolateral anesthetic barrier, alloknesis did not develop on the proximal side of the barrier.

These results demonstrate that histamine is effective in producing itch and alloknesis, and should be useful in correlative neurophysiological studies of the underlying mechanisms. It is suggested that both peripheral and central neural mechanisms are involved in the development of alloknesis.     

Design of NK‐2‐derived peptides with improved activity against equine sarcoid cells

Equine sarcoid is a topically accessible model for the evaluation of anticancer peptides acting by physical membrane disruption avoiding the complexity of a systemic application. We aim at evaluating and improving natural peptides for host defence as lead structures, where we focus on the cationic and amphipathic peptide NK‐2. Cytotoxicity tests, fluorescence microscopy and a chip‐based biosensor, which enabled real‐time monitoring of cell metabolism, were applied. Cancer cell killing was dynamic with an initial phase of increased cellular respiration, followed by membrane destruction. NK‐2 was substantially improved and shortened. Novel peptides exhibited a fivefold improved activity against sarcoid cells, while haemolysis remained almost unaltered. Similar Zeta potential and similar amount of surface phosphatidylserine of sarcoid and normal skin cells are responsible for a lack of selectivity between these two cell types. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Review of the results of the in vivo dosimetry during total skin electron beam therapy

This work reviews results of in vivo dosimetry (IVD) for total skin electron beam (TSEB) therapy, focusing on new methods, data emerged within 2012. All quoted data are based on a careful review of the literature reporting IVD results for patients treated by means of TSEB therapy. Many of the reviewed papers refer mainly to now old studies and/or old guidelines and recommendations (by IAEA, AAPM and EORTC), because (due to intrinsic rareness of TSEB-treated pathologies) only a limited number of works and reports with a large set of numerical data and proper statistical analysis is up-to-day available in scientific literature. Nonetheless, a general summary of the results obtained by the now numerous IVD techniques available is reported; innovative devices and methods, together with areas of possible further and possibly multicenter investigations for TSEB therapies are highlighted.     

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy on excised human skin: uncertainties in depth profiling and mathematical correction applied to dermatological drug permeation

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy represents the advantage of giving structural and conformational information on samples without any destructive treatment. Recently, several studies were achieved to study the skin hydration, endogenous and exogenous molecules repartition in the skin using the confocal feature of this technique. Meanwhile, when working through a material boundary with a different refractive index, the main limitation remains the spatial precision, especially the distortion in the depth and the depth resolution. Recently, several authors described mathematical models to correct the depth and the resolution values. In this study, we combined theoretical approaches, proposed by different authors with experimental measurements to try to find out the most appropriate approach for correction. We then applied the corrections on in‐depth profiles tracking the penetration of Metronidazole, a drug produced by Galderma for rosacea treatment, through excised human skin. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Angiogenesis QTL on Mouse Chromosome 8 Colocalizes with Differential β-Defensin Expression

Identification of genetic factors that modify complex traits is often complicated by gene-environment interactions that contribute to the observed phenotype. In model systems, the phenotypic outcomes quantified are typically traits that maximize observed variance, which in turn, should maximize the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in subsequent mapping studies. However, when the observed trait is dependent on multiple interacting factors, it can complicate genetic analysis, reducing the likelihood that the modifying mutation will ultimately be found. Alternatively, by focusing on intermediate phenotypes of a larger condition, we can reduce a model’s complexity, which will, in turn, limit the number of QTL that contribute to variance. We used a novel method to follow angiogenesis in mice that reduces environmental variance by measuring endothelial cell growth from culture of isolated skin biopsies that varies depending on the genetic source of the tissue. This method, in combination with a backcross breeding strategy, is intended to reduce genetic complexity and limit the phenotypic effects to fewer modifier loci. We determined that our approach was an efficient means to generate recombinant progeny and used this cohort to map a novel s.c. angiogenesis QTL to proximal mouse chromosome (Chr.) 8 with suggestive QTL on Chr. 2 and 7. Global mRNA expression analysis of samples from parental reference strains revealed β-defensins as potential candidate genes for future study.