A model for the mechanism of precise integration of a microinjected transgene

A unique transgenic mouse line has undergone transgene integration in a very precise fashion. The phenotype displayed by mice of the line followed the predicted inheritance patterns for X-linked transgene insertion which has been confirmed. In order to investigate the mechanism of integration the DNA sequence of the transgene and cellular junctions have been determined. A comparison between wild type and transgenic mutant sequences at the site of insertion revealed that there was no loss or rearrangement of cellular DNA upon integration of the transgene. The cellular sequences at the transgene 5 and 3 joins are contiguous in the wild type. The integrant exists as a head to tail tandem dimer with minimal loss of sequence compared with the injected monomer. Analysis of the site of insertion has revealed a 5 bp homology between the 5 end of the transgene and the cellular sequences. In addition, adjacent to the site of insertion within the cellular sequences, there are several sequence motifs implicated in recombination events including a clustering of strong consensus sites for DNA topoisomerase type I and a region of homology to the human minisatellite consensus core sequence, theEscherichia coli Chi site and the meiotic recombination hotspot within the E gene of the murine major histocompatibility complex. This clustering of features is likely to have been factorial in the integrity of the insertion event. A model depicting the mechanism of this precise integration is proposed.     

黄芪总黄酮对DNA损伤防护作用的研究

用DNA解旋荧光检测法(FADU)研究了黄芪总黄酮(TFA)对γ射线和H₂O₂所致V79细胞DNA链断裂的防护作用. 结果表明TFA对这两种损伤因子所致的DNA损伤均有不同程度的防护作用, 当TFA浓度达到0.4g/L和0.6g/L时, 分别对H₂O₂和γ射线所致的损伤有保护作用(P<0.05), 而浓度增至0.8g/L和1.2g/L时, 分别对两种因素所致的DNA链断裂损伤有非常显著的防护效果(P<0.01), 对H₂O₂的防护效果优于对γ射线.     

红细胞4．1蛋白与血型糖蛋白C／D结合位点研究进展

红细胞膜骨架与脂双层间存在着相互作用,其中带4.1蛋白与血型糖蛋白C/D间的相互作用对维持正常红细胞的形态和机械稳定性起着重要作用,研究表明,带4.1蛋白在血型糖蛋白C、D上的结合位点分别位于血型糖蛋白C的第82～98位氨基酸残基和血型糖蛋白D的第61～77位氨基酸残基．     

角结膜缘上皮良、恶性病变细胞核DNA原位图像定量分析

应用真彩色医学图像分析技术,对５１例角结膜缘上皮良、恶性病变（其中上皮增生１９例,不典型增生６例,原位癌１４例,鳞状细胞癌１２例）进行了ＤＮＡ原位定量分析研究．结果显示：原位癌和鳞状细胞癌ＤＮＡ含量明显增加,多为高倍异倍体细胞,ＤＮＡ直方圆明显右移,峰值主要位于＞５Ｃ处,≥５Ｃ细胞分别占７８．８９％和７８．３１％;上度增生病变ＤＮＡ含量较低,多为低倍整倍体细胞,ＤＮＡ直方图峰值位于２Ｃ～４Ｃ处,２Ｃ～４Ｃ细胞占８８．５９％;上皮不典型增生病变ＤＮＡ含量介于良性病变和癌之间,ＤＮＡ直方图逐渐右移,２Ｃ～４Ｃ细胞占５８．６２％,≥５Ｃ细胞占４１．３８％。以上数据经统计学处理各组间有显著性差异。表明ＤＮＡ倍性程度与肿瘤的增殖程度呈正相关,高倍异倍体细胞随肿瘤恶性程度的增高而增多。作者认为ＤＮＡ原位图像定量分析可为角结膜缘上皮良、恶性病变的诊断、分级及早期发现癌变趋势提供一个可靠的参考指标。     

原位缺口平移标记断裂DNA技术及其在检测流行性出血热尸检和实验动物组织中细胞凋亡和早期死亡的应用

原位缺口平移技术（ＩＳＮＴ）已被用于检测细胞核中ＤＮＡ断裂鉴别尸检组织中细胞的凋亡和坏死断裂、流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）组织中存在散在单个细胞变性死亡和灶性梗死样坏死,前者带有细胞凋亡的特征。本文以ＥＨＦ肝脏和实验性病毒感染鼠脑组织为例,应用缺口平移法,在ＤＮＡ聚合酶或Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ酶的作用下,将地高辛标记的ｄＵＴＰ掺入合成到ＤＮＡ的断裂部位,通过碱性磷酸酶标抗地高辛抗体免疫组化法显示细胞ＤＮＡ的断裂,检测和鉴别细胞的凋亡和坏死。为分析死后解剖时间间隔及组织固定时间对该方法的影响,本文选用死后２～１４０ｈ尸检、经常规固定石蜡包埋后存放１０～３５年的标本和在１０％福尔马林固定了１０～３５年之后再进行常规处理的标本。实验时用蛋白酶Ｋ（ＰＫ）消化前后对比并分别在标记反应液中略去ＤＮＡ聚合酶作为阴性对照,用ＤＮＡ酶消化组织人为制造ＤＮＡ缺日作为阳性对照。结果发现,未经ＰＫ消化的组织,仅灶性肝细胞核ＩＳＮＴ标记阳性,经ＰＫ消化后,散在的带有凋亡特征的肝细胞胞核也出现阳性,灶性肝细胞胞核标记染色增强,但无论是蛋白酶消化与否,明确梗死样坏死的肝细胞均不被标记。结果还发现,死后２～２４ｈ内尸检组织和长时间（１０～３４年）存放的石     

HCV5＇端非编码区cDNA的体外转录

采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）从广东省一例慢性丙型肝炎病人血清中获得丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）５＇端非编码区（５＇ＮＣＲ）３０２ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,经补齐和提纯后插入ｐＵＣ１９质粒,获得的重组体ｐＵＮ进行序列测定。将ｐＵＮ的目的基因亚克隆进体外转录载体ｐＳＰＯＲＴＩ多克隆位点的ＥｏｏＲＩ和ＰｓｔＩ切点之间,所得重组体ｐＳＮ线性化后由Ｔ＿７ＲＮＡ多聚酶及ＳＰ６ＲＮＡ多聚酶引导体外转录反应,产物经凝胶电泳及特异引物ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,证实ＳＰ６引导的是正义ＲＮＡ,Ｔ７合成的是反义ＲＮＡ,其大小分别力４２９ｂｐ和３６２ｂｐ。并证实所得ＲＮＡ力ＨＣＶ５＇ＮＣＲｃＤＮＡ转录而来。获得的ＨＣＶ５＇ＮＣＲｃＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ在常规逆转录和ＰＣＲ步骤中用于设立有效的模板对照,对消除假用性及评估试剂有重要意义。同时,ＨＣＶ５＇ＮＣＲ体外转录载体的构建可用于制各ＲＮＡ探针和反义ＲＮＡ,改进后还可作为定量ＰＣＲ的竞争性模板。     

DNA fingerprinting of human cell lines using PCR amplification of fragment length polymorphisms

Summary Methods for monitoring cell line identification and authentication include species-specific immunofluorescence, isoenzyme phenotyping, chromosome analysis, and DNA fingerprinting. Most previous studies of DNA fingerprinting of cell lines have used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. In this study, we examined the utility of an alternative and simpler method of cell line DNA fingerprinting—polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of fragment length polymorphisms. Fourteen human cell lines previously found by other methods to be either related or disparate were subjected to DNA fingerprinting by PCR amplification of selected fragment length polymorphism loci. Cell identification patterns by this method were concordant with those obtained by isoenzyme phenotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism-DNA fingerprinting, and were reproducible within and between assays on different DNA extracts of the same cell line. High precision was achieved with electrophoretic separation of amplified DNA products on high resolution agarose or polyacrylamide gels, and with fragment length polymorphism (FLP) loci-specific “allelic ladders” to identify individual FLP alleles. Determination of the composite fingerprint of a cell line at six appropriately chosen fragment length polymorphism loci should achieve a minimum discrimination power of 0.999. The ability of PCR-based fragment length polymorphism DNA fingerprinting to precisely and accurately identify the alleles of different human cell lines at multiple polymorphic fragment length polymorphism loci demonstrates the feasibility of developing a cell line DNA fingerprint reference database as a powerful additional tool for future cell line identification and authentication.     

Micronuclear and Macronuclear Sequences of a Euplotes crassus Gene Encoding a Putative Nuclear Protein Kinase

The sequences of a 1.8-kbp macronuclear DNA molecule (V3), and the majority of its micronuclear counterpart, are reported. The macronuclear V3 DNA molecule contains an open reading frame that is interrupted by a single intron, while the micronuclear copy is interrupted by four internal eliminated sequences, one of which is located within the intron. The predicted protein product of the macronuclear V3 gene is a 471-amino acid polypeptide that is very similar to a group of protein-serine/threonine kinases from both plant and animal species, some of whose members appear to be involved in cell cycle or growth control.     

复制型HBV转基因小鼠的遗传与繁育研究

本文采用类似系祖建系的方法,对复制型ＨＢＶ转基因小鼠模型的１７、２１、２５三个系列进行了繁育,通过ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分子杂交的方法,检测三个系列小鼠尾组织和血清的ＤＮＡ样品,以确定ＨＢＶ基因的整合和复制情况。结果表明,ＨＢＶ基因已稳定地遗传至第五代（Ｆ５）,且各世代小鼠血清中都存在ＨＢＶＤＮＡ,此外,整合阳性小鼠的血清中能测出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的比率很高,Ｆ１代为９４．４４％（１０２／１０８）,Ｆ２、Ｆ３代为９５．３１％（６１／６４）,故在繁育中可以通过测血清中的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ来确定小鼠是否整合。     

鼠肝DNA甲基化酶的纯化及物理化学性质的研究

以Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠肝为材料,确立了一个简便的纯化鼠肝ＤＮＡ甲基化酶的程序,包括：细胞的超声破碎、去内源核酸、硫酸铵盐析、磷酸纤维素亲和层析、ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０柱层析及ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１５０凝胶过滤。用不同浓度聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和孔梯度凝胶电泳检测,纯化后的酶已达电泳均一,且酶的比活力提高１１２倍。以聚丙烯酰胺孔梯度凝胶电泳测得其天然酶的分子量为３６５ｋＤ,以ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得该酶有两种亚基,大亚基为９５ｋＤ,小亚基为８５ｋＤ,推测该酶由两个大亚基和两个小亚基组成。