家蚕胚胎细胞系的DNA指纹图谱分析

在建立可靠的家蚕细胞系基因组DNA制备和PCR扩增技术体系的基础上,筛选具有稳定多态性位点的RAPD和ISSR引物,建立家蚕细胞系基因组DNA的ISSR和RAPD分子标记技术体系,检测家蚕细胞系的DNA分子标记多态性,构建细胞系的DNA指纹图谱。筛选出了26个ISSR引物和43个RAPD引物,通过PCR扩增在家蚕胚胎细胞系和传代昆虫细胞系等9个样品中分别获得了797条和1205条多态性条带,多态性达到89．9%和76．6%,不同细胞系的DNA多态性有较大差异,三个家蚕胚胎细胞系具有各自特有的DNA标记。测定了9个样品间的Nei's相似系数和遗传距离,构建了系统发育树,结果表明本实验室建立的3个家蚕胚胎细胞系和家蚕“夏芳×秋白”聚为一簇,亲缘关系较近,而来自不同物种的五个传代昆虫细胞系聚为一簇,它们之间的遗传距离比3个家蚕胚胎细胞系之间的遗传距离更小。     

苜蓿丫纹夜蛾杆状病毒在四个异源连续细胞系内的传代复制

本文比较了苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(AcNPV)在贪食夜蛾IPLB-SF-21AE细胞及其克隆株IPLB-SF-21AEC细胞,棉铃虫SIE-HAH-806细胞和粘虫SIE-MSH-805细胞系内长期连续传代复制的情况,每代病毒复制的历程为7天,观察指标是,细胞内形成多角体的百分率,游离病毒粒子的TCID50,对幼虫活体感染性,以及受感染后细胞超微结构的变化,结果证实,AcNPV在异源IPLB-SF-21AE昆虫细胞系内连续复制至50代次后,依然具有正常的形态和感染性,这为在离体下长期有效地复制杆状病毒提供了可能,我们还发现,在离体系统内增殖的病毒,其正常形态和感染性的维持与选用敏感细胞的种类有关。     

小麦异源易位系的高效诱导和分子细胞遗传学鉴定

利用杀配子染色体(gametocidal chromosome)和低剂量(10Gy)γ-射线辐射花粉两种方法诱导小麦(Triticum aestixum L)-滨麦(Leymus mollis Trin)和小麦-中间偃麦草[Thinopyrum intermedium(Host)Barkwarth]的易位系。通过基因组原位杂交(GISH)分析,在59个小滨麦代换系M8724-8-13与离果山羊草(Aegilops trincialis L)3C染色体附加系的杂交后代中获得了3株小麦-滨麦易位系,易位频率达到5．08％。其中1个易位系经C-分带证明是小麦的7D染色体与1条滨麦的染色体发生了整臂易位。同时还获得了3个滨麦染色体的缺失系。滨麦染色体发生结构变异的总频率为8．47％。除了滨麦染色体以外,在一些植株中还观察到小麦的染色体也发生了缺失。在69个普通小麦与小麦-中间偃麦草附加系TAI-14辐射花粉的杂交后代中,得到2株小麦-中间偃麦草的易位系,易位频率为2．90％。两个易位系都是小片段易位,经C-分带证明两个易位系所涉及的小麦染色体分别是3A和4A。利用杀配子染色体和低剂量γ射线辐射花粉诱导小麦异源易位系都是行之有效的方法,但这两种方法各有优缺点,在实际工作中应根据不同的目的选用不同的实验体系。     

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of Leymus racemosus chromosomes added to wheat

Five disomic, two double-disomic, and two ditelosomic addition lines and one disomic substitution line derived from the crosses of Triticum aestivum (2n=6x=42, AABBDD)×Leymus racemosus (2n= 4x=28, JJNN) were identified by C-banding analysis. The homoeology of the added Leymus chromosomes was determined by RFLP analysis. Four of five disomic addition lines belonged to group 2, 5, 6 and 7 chromosomes of L. racemosus; these were designated as 2Lr?1(NAU516), 5Lr?1(NAU504, NAU514), 6Lr?1 (NAU512), and 7Lr?1(NAU501). Two additional chromosomes, 1Lr?1 and 3Lr?1, were present in double-disomic addition lines 1Lr?1+5Lr?1 (NAU525) and 3Lr?1+7Lr?1(NAU524), respec-tively. In the disomic substitution line wheat chromosome 2B was replaced by L. racemosus chromosome 2Lr?1 (NAU551). Two telocentric chromosomes, 2Lr?2S (NAU509) and 7Lr?1S (NAU511), were isolated as ditelosomic addition lines. The study presented here provides the first evidence of homoeology of the added L. racemosus chromosomes with wheat chromosomes using DNA markers. Our data provide the basis for further directed chromosome engineering aimed at producing compensating wheat-L. racemosus translocation lines.     

Genetic analysis of production characters in Lolium

Summary The genetical control of heading date and dry matter production in an F2 population of Lolium perenne are presented from analyses of triple-test-crosses and basic generations. The data is derived from spaced plant trials at sites in the United Kingdom (UK) and Italy in different years. Despite the wide initial cross between UK bred material and an Italian accession, there was no significant evidence for epistasis, while additive and dominance variation were generally present with partial to complete dominance for all traits. Linear regression onto the environmental means accounted for all the GxE variation for dry matter production in the establishment and aftermath cuts, but not for heading date or the hay cut. The b values measuring responsiveness to the environment were clearly heritable and showed partial dominance. Predictions of the likely performance of recombinant inbred lines and second cycle hybrids were sufficiently promising to support further investigation of these approaches to breeding in this crop.     

Cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes from Glossocarya calcicola

Three clerodane diterpenes were isolated and identified from leaf extract of Glossocarya calcicola. Compound has been characterised as (rel)-10betaH-trans-12xi-(2-methylbut-2(E)-enoyl)-1beta-(isobutanoyl)-6alpha,13xi-dihydroxyclerodan-4(20),8(18)-dien-7,15-dione-15,16-oxide, to which we have assigned the trivial name calcicolin-A. The other two compounds had the same skeletal structure and C-12 substituent but in compound, the C-1 esterifying group becomes 2-methylbut-2(E)-enoic acid and in it becomes 2-methylbutanoic acid. Although anti-insect activity was not observed for G. calcicola, cytotoxicity against insect and human carcinoma cell lines was detected.     

表达核糖核酸酶基因的雄性不育油菜的获得

从细菌Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓａｍｙｌｏｌｉｑｕｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ染色体ＤＮＡ中克隆了ＲＮａｓｅ（ｂａｒｎａｓｅ）基因,构建了ＴＡ－２９基因５＇调控区（－１３００－＋３）与ｂａｒｎａｓｅ基因的嵌合基因,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化,获得了“双低”甘蓝型油菜“中双８２１”的转基因植株。转化植株与末转化植株在高度、生长速度、花器形态、花色等方面基本相同,但转化植株花丝短小、花药干瘪、没有花粉;自花授粉或以其为父本进行的异花授粉均不能结实,表现为完全的雄性不育。花药的横向解剖结构表明：转基因油菜雄性不育与绒毡层细胞的破坏有关     

240份玉米自交系纹枯病抗性鉴定与评价

在人工接种条件下,连续3年对240份玉米自交系纹枯病抗性进行鉴定和评价,分析了玉米纹枯病抗性与主要农艺性状的相关性。结果表明,玉米纹枯病抗性资源较为缺乏,240份自交系中无免疫或高抗的材料,有中抗自交系4份、感病自交系18份、高感自交系218份。旅大红骨、Reid、PA和塘四平头类群自交系中未发现玉米纹枯病抗源,PB类群和Lancaster类群自交系纹枯病抗性相对较好,今后应主要从这两类种质中寻找玉米纹枯病抗源。玉米纹枯病病情指数与株高、穗位高、穗位高/株高、穗下节间数和穗下平均节间长均呈极显著负相关,这些表型可以作为非接种条件下筛选抗玉米纹枯病种质的参考指标。     

菰物种专化DNA序列的克隆及其在检测菰DNA导入水稻中的应用

菰物种专化DNA序列的克隆及其在检测菰DNA导入水稻中的应用 刘振兰 董玉柱 刘宝*（东北师范大学遗传与细胞研究所,长春130024）