茄子果实相关农艺性状全基因组关联分析研究进展与展望

茄子是重要的园艺作物,也是茄科植物中种植最广泛的蔬菜之一。茄子果实相关农艺性状是一种复杂的数量性状,传统育种选育效率低、周期长。高通量测序技术与生物信息学技术的快速发展,使得全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study, GWAS)在解析茄子果实相关复杂农艺性状的遗传规律方面展现出巨大的应用前景。本文对全基因组关联分析在茄子的果形、果色等果实相关农艺性状中的研究进展进行了综述;针对茄子数量性状遗传研究中普遍存在的“丢失遗传力”(missing heritability)问题,从4个GWAS策略在茄子果实相关农艺性状研究中的应用热点出发,提出了未来茄子GWAS的发展对策;并结合当前茄子遗传改良的实践需求,展望了GWAS策略在茄子分子育种领域的广阔应用前景。本文为今后利用GWAS解析各种茄子果实相关性状的遗传基础以及选育符合消费者需求的果实材料提供了理论依据和参考。     

依托咪酯联合右美托咪定对高血压基底节区脑出血患者脑糖氧代谢和氧化应激的影响

摘要 目的：观察依托咪酯联合右美托咪定对高血压基底节区脑出血患者脑糖氧代谢和氧化应激的影响。方法：纳入2020年1月-2022年12月期间我院收治的90例高血压基底节区脑出血患者,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和研究组,各为45例。对照组患者接受依托咪酯乳状注射液麻醉,研究组患者接受依托咪酯乳状注射液联合右美托咪定注射液麻醉。对比两组血流动力学[心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）]、糖氧代谢指标[氧饱和度（SjvO₂）、脑氧摄取率（CEO₂）、脑动静脉氧差（AVDO₂）]、氧化应激指标[丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）]和不良反应。结果：麻醉诱导后5 min（T1）~手术完毕时（T4）时间点,研究组心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。T4时间点,研究组SjvO₂高于对照组,CEO₂、AVDO₂低于对照组（P<0.05）。T4时间点,研究组SOD高于对照组,MDA低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应总发生率对比未见差异（P>0.05）。结论：依托咪酯联合右美托咪定可更好维持机体血流动力学,改善脑糖氧代谢,减轻氧化应激,对高血压基底节区脑出血患者发挥出良好的麻醉效果。     

From Virus Research to Molecular Biology: Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Germany, 1936-1956

In 1937, a group of researchers in Nazi Germany began investigating tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with the hope of using the virus as a model system for understanding gene behavior in higher organisms. They soon developed a creative and interdisciplinary work style and were able to continue their research in the postwar era, when they made significant contributions to the history of molecular biology. This group is significant for two major reasons. First, it provides an example of how researchers were able to produce excellent scientific research in the midst of dictatorship and war.Coupled with the group's ongoing success in postwar Germany, the German TMV investigators provide a dramatic example of how scientific communities deal with adversity as well as rapid political and social change. Second, since the researchers focused heavily (though no exclusively) on TMV, their story allows us to analyze how an experimental system other than phage contributed to the emergence of molecular biology.     

Recent progress in the molecular biology of the clonedN-acetylglucosaminyltransferases

Several genes which code for theN-acetylglucosaminyltransferases have been cloned and characterized. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of the genes still remain to be elucidated but accumulated evidence suggests that theN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase genes are implicated in differentiation, morphogenesis and cancer metastasis.     

梨小食心虫化学感受蛋白cDNA的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

为了研究梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta化学感受蛋白（chemosensory proteins, CSPs）在化学感受系统中的作用, 本研究利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆到一条梨小食心虫化学感受蛋白的全长cDNA序列, 命名为GmolCSP （GenBank 登录号： JQ821389）。序列分析表明, GmolCSP开放阅读框序列为384 bp, 编码127个氨基酸残基, 预测N末端含有18个氨基酸组成的信号肽序列, 其成熟蛋白的预测分子量为12.80 kD, 等电点为8.33。该基因编码的氨基酸序列与其他鳞翅目昆虫化学感受蛋白的氨基酸序列具有较高同源性。RT-PCR结果显示, GmolCSP在梨小食心虫成虫触角、 去触角的头、 胸、 腹、 足和翅中都有表达。将GmolCSP重组到表达载体pET-32a中, 转入大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）进行表达。SDS-PAGE和Western 印迹检测结果显示, 梨小食心虫化学感受蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中成功地表达出一个分子量约为29 kD的融合蛋白, 与预测的融合蛋白分子量大小一致。本研究结果为进一步研究该蛋白的分子结构和功能奠定了良好基础。     

Intraspecific diversity of the Cassava Green Mite Mononychellus progresivus (Acari: Tetranychidae) using comparisons of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences and cross-breeding

Intraspecific diversity in Cassava Green Mite Mononychellus progresivus Doreste was examined using individuals collected in Benin and the Congo and in Columbia and Brazil. Comparisons were based on mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA sequences and the results of several cross-breeding experiments. Sequence variation was examined in a total of 1139 base pairs (bp) constituting the ITS2 ribosomal DNA (805 bp) and a fragment of the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene (334 bp). Sequence divergence is low, ranging from 0% to 2.1% for COI and from 0% to 0.4% for ITS2. Inter-strain comparisons have shown that the two African populations appear to be identical. They were similar to the Colombian population while the Brazilian population was clearly different. The data support the hypothesis of a single introduction of the species in the two African populations. Crossing experiments have shown partial hybrid sterility, suggesting a genetic incompatibility consistent with differences detected by sequence data. The results show the usefulness of molecular markers as a tool for determining taxonomic status and dispersion paths in spider mites.     

The determinants of stability in the human prion protein: insights into folding and misfolding from the analysis of the change in the stabilization energy distribution in different conditions

The dynamic evolution of the PrP(C) from its NMR-derived conformation to a beta-sheet-rich, aggregation-prone conformation is studied through all-atom, explicit solvent molecular dynamics in different temperature and pH conditions. The trajectories are analyzed by means of a recently introduced energy decomposition approach aimed at identifying the key residues for the stabilization and folding of the protein. It is shown that under native conditions the stabilization energy is concentrated in regions of the helices H1 and H3, whereas under misfolding conditions (low pH, high temperature, or mutations in selected sites) it is spread out over helix H2. Misfolding appears to be a rearrangement of the chain that disrupts most of the native secondary structure of the protein, producing some beta-rich conformations with an energy distribution similar to that of the native state.