一株耐盐葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及其特性分析

本文旨在分离筛选出在高盐环境中具有潜在应用可能性的菌株。在筛选耐盐酵母的过程中分离出一株耐盐菌株,采用形态特征观察、生理生化实验和16S rDNA基因测序进行菌株鉴定,鉴定结果显示该菌为沃氏葡萄球菌(Staphylooccus warneri),命名为SW-1。进一步对其药敏特性、耐盐性和表面疏水性进行检测,结果表明,该菌株对大部分抗生素极敏感,在含20%(质量分数)NaCl的LB培养基中仍能良好生长,对氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇的疏水率依次为43%、34%和39%。沃氏葡萄球菌SW-1在高盐条件下能快速适应环境积累生物量,具有优良的生物学特性,为开发和利用耐盐菌株提供参考。     

香港巨牡蛎与长牡蛎种间配子兼容性

为了评估香港巨牡蛎与长牡蛎的配子兼容性,于2010年7月,以性腺成熟的香港巨牡蛎和长牡蛎为材料,研究了环境因子温度(16、20、24、28、32℃)、盐度(10、15、20、25、30)及内在因子精子浓度(100、101、102、103、104个/μL)、个体差异(240次杂交实验)对其受精率的影响,并计算了以上条件下的F50临界值。结果表明:香港巨牡蛎卵子可以与长牡蛎精子受精,但相反方向不能受精,存在着单向受精现象。温度是影响长牡蛎配子兼容性主要因子,盐度是影响香港巨牡蛎的主要因子,而温度、盐度交互作用是影响种间配子兼容性的最主要因子。种间配子温度、盐度的F50临界值分别为20.90℃、14.7。精子浓度及单对杂交中的个体差异均显著影响配子兼容性,精子浓度的F50临界值为2.40个/μL;在240次杂交实验中,有91次受精率不足50%,说明个体差异比例的F50临界值37.92%。从其内在因子来看,长牡蛎平均受精率最高(96.83%),配子兼容性较好;对于香港巨牡蛎(70.98%)与种间配子(58.70%)而言,受精水平相对较低,且存在着较大的个体差异。     

A procedure for large-scale isolation of RNA-free plasmid and phage DNA without the use of RNase

A preparative procedure for the large-scale isolation of plasmid DNA without the use of RNAse is described. Crude plasmid DNA is prepared using a standard boiling method. High-molecular-weight RNA is removed by precipitation with LiCl, and low-molecular-weight RNA is removed by sedimentation through high-salt solution. The procedure is inexpensive, rapid, simple, and particularly suitable for processing several large-scale preparations simultaneously. A similar procedure has been developed for preparation of lambda-phage DNA.     

三带喙库蚊体内猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与鉴定

【目的】调查猪场蚊虫是否能携带猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)病毒。【方法】采集发生PRRS疫情的3个养猪场蚊虫样本,采用RT-PCR方法检测PRRS病毒核酸,取阳性蚊虫样本接种Marc-145细胞进行病毒的分离培养,以间接免疫荧光抗体技术和分子克隆技术进行病毒的鉴定。【结果】 养猪场内的蚊虫主要有三带喙库蚊Culex tritaeniorhychus、凶小库蚊Culex modestus、中华按蚊Anopheles sinensis和骚扰阿蚊Armigeres obturbans,其中三带喙库蚊占86.76%;以PRRS病毒N基因引物进行扩增,三带喙库蚊样本呈现阳性反应,而其他蚊种均为阴性。在蚊虫接种的Marc-145细胞中可见细胞融合和空泡形成等细胞病变效应;用抗PRRS病毒N蛋白抗体和羊抗猪IgG(H+L)-FITC进行间接免疫荧光染色,感染细胞呈现黄绿色荧光;以NSP2基因引物进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆与测序,发现库蚊源病毒与相应猪场猪源病毒中相应基因的序列具有较高同源性。【结论】 三带喙库蚊为猪舍优势蚊种,并能携带猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒。     

大兴安岭落叶松林丛枝菌根真菌多样性

对大兴安岭落叶松林17个科26种植物丛枝菌根(AM)定居情况和丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)多样性进行了调查。在26种植物根样中形成典型AM定居的有23种,占88.46%。菌根侵染率为0～78.7%,平均为21.69%。在26种植物根样中,4种植物形成重楼型(Par-is-type)AM,占15.38%;10种植物形成疆南星型(Arum-type)AM,占38.46%;9种植物形成中间型(Intermediatetype)AM,占34.62%,3种植物未能形成AM菌根,占11.54%。从23种植物根围土样中分离到50种AMF,分属于5个属,其中无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)24种占48%;球囊霉属(Glomus)19种占38%;内养囊霉属(Entrophospora)5种占10%;原囊霉属(Archaeospora)1种占2%;巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)1种占2%。Acaulospora和Glomus2属真菌在大兴安岭落叶松林土壤中占绝对优势;尼氏无梗囊霉(A.nocolsonii)和幼套球囊霉(G.etunicatum)是优势种。植物根围土壤中AMF的孢子密度平均为68.94个.100g-1风干土;AM...     

极端耐盐碱菌株的筛选及其菌肥对盐碱条件下小麦生长和土壤环境的影响

为获得具有盐碱地改良应用潜力的耐盐碱菌株,将采集于东营盐碱地的土样稀释涂布于pH 9、盐浓度100 g·L-1的Gibbson改良培养基上,共获得18株细菌.通过提高盐浓度、pH值,最终获得在pH 12、盐浓度20%的条件下仍然可以生长的极端耐盐碱菌株N14.对N14进行形态学、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,结果表明:菌株N14为马氏芽孢杆菌.盆栽试验结果表明,与盐碱土(CK)相比,N14菌肥可以显著提高小麦的生物量,株高、鲜重、干重分别提高了21.8%、57.9%、41.7%;显著增加小麦叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量,增长率分别为36.4%、20.0%、31.7%;显著提高盐碱土壤中的蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性,增长率分别为23.2%、68.8%、106.5%;显著提高小麦根系的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,增长率分别为109.6%、17.8%、50%;显著减少小麦根系丙二醛的含量,减少率为39.8%.本研究为极端耐盐碱菌的应用提供了一条新思路,为盐碱地的改良提供了一条新途径.     

Island biogeography of temporary wetland carabid beetle communities

Aim The study tests if island biogeography is applicable to invertebrate communities of habitat islands in the agricultural landscape that are not fragments of formerly larger habitats. Location Thirty temporary wetlands in the agricultural landscape of northeast Germany. Methods The composition and species richness of carabid beetle communities was analysed. Habitat area, isolation, the density of temporary wetlands in the landscape, land‐use intensity and the maximum duration of flooding were recorded as independent variables. Overall species richness and wetland species richness were studied in independent regression analyses. The community composition was analysed by means of a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). A partial CCA was used to analyse the effect of the distance to the edge of the field after removing impacts of other independent variables. Results The area of the habitats and various measures of isolation (mean distances = 81–240 m) did not influence species richness or wetland species richness. The community composition was mainly determined by the land‐use intensity, habitat area did not have significant effects, and the distance to the edge of the field was the only effective isolation parameter. Short‐winged species were more often affected by the distance to the edge of the field than full‐winged species. Main conclusion There is evidence that the distances between the wetlands do not provide an effective barrier to the species dispersal and, therefore, metapopulation structures including subpopulations of multiple temporary wetlands might counteract local area effects on subpopulations. Short‐winged species, however, might be more affected by isolation than full‐winged species. As carabid beetle community structure in most early successional habitats is similar, these results may be representative of many agricultural landscape habitats. Nature conservancy concepts that aim to increase habitat area and habitat connectivity have successfully been applied to fragmented late‐successional habitats. The present study indicates that such concepts do not necessarily result in higher diversity or larger populations in early successional habitats.     

Introduction to the Themed Issue on Human–Animal Interaction and Healthy Human Aging

ABSTRACT

In 2016, the Gerontological Society of America (GSA) developed a research focus on the benefits and potential risks associated with pets among older adults. With the goal of developing a roadmap for human–animal interaction (HAI) research in older people residing in both the community and institutions, GSA convened a workshop of international experts and policy-makers in the fields of aging and HAI. The status of current knowledge was shared on the success factors for healthy aging and the potential challenges (GSA, 2016). Participants considered what roles pets might play in the lives of older adults and their potential to mitigate loneliness, social isolation, and depression, and to enhance mobility and cognitive function. Existing research was shared to provide insights into the ways in which pets can impact older adults and their caregivers and to identify where further research is needed. This paper introduces a series of papers from that meeting, with some additional papers from meeting attendees to expand on the topics covered and provide key perspectives and gaps in information needed, as a foundation for those considering research into this topic. Although HAI/Animal-Assistant Intervention (AAI) research is in its infancy, there is some evidence that pet ownership or animal interaction can have major benefits for many older adults. At the same time, there are some risks to both the pet and the older adult that need to be addressed. Innovative approaches to both AAIs and the ways to overcome challenges are presented in this themed issue of Anthrozoös. Our hope is that the findings from these reviews and reports will stimulate additional work in this area.     

Frequent overexpression of CADM1/IGSF4 in lung adenocarcinoma

We reported comprehensive screening for antigens (Ags) overexpressed on various carcinomas via isolation of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that may be therapeutic in a previous paper (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 7287-7292, 2008). Twenty-one distinct Ags highly expressed on several carcinomas were identified and 356 mAbs with unique sequences turned out to bind to one of the 21 Ags. Among them CADM1/IGSF4 which had been originally referred to as tumor suppressor lung cancer 1 (TSLC1) was included. Therefore we examined the expression of CADM1 in lung cancers in this study. Eight different anti CADM1 mAbs were used for immunohistochemical analysis of 29 fresh lung cancer specimens. Staining patterns were categorized to six groups based on the extent of positive staining and the localization of stained portions. While overexpression of CADM1 was observed on the cell surface of adenocarcinomas at a high frequency, around 60%, positive stainings were rarely observed on that of other lung carcinomas including squamous cell carcinomas. Moreover, some clones among the eight mAbs gave different staining patterns from those by the other clones against the same fresh specimen, suggesting presence of variant forms of CADM1 differentiated by mAbs.     

一种新的成年大鼠成肌细胞体外批量扩增培养方法

目的：建立快速高效的成年大鼠成肌细胞分离、体外批量扩增培养的实验方法。方法：通过混合酶一步消化法从少量成年骨骼肌样品中分离成肌细胞;采用差速贴壁筛选法纯化分离并批量扩增成肌细胞。结果：混合酶一步消化法需要的时间为2.1＋0.52h,较之于传统方法所需要的6.8＋0.67h,分离细胞所需时间显著缩短（P〈0.01）;采用差速贴壁筛选法纯化分离的成肌细胞myf5／desmin阳性率〉97％,同传统分离扩增方法相比,体外批量扩增培养的这些成肌细胞具有典型的成肌细胞生长特性,在生长液中具有更好的增殖潜能,而在分化液中分化为肌管的特性无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：通过采用新建立的成年成肌细胞分离培养和批量扩增的方法,能够快速高效地获取高纯度的成肌细胞。