The flavonoids in Epimedium L. and their taxonomic significance

In this paper, the distribution and quantity of flavonol glycosides with isoprenyl in the eighth position (A kind) or without isoprenyl (B kind) in Epimedium were analyzed by HPLC. The following results of taxonomic significance were obtained: 1 )According to the chemical characteristics, Epimedium could be divided into three groups: A group, mainly with A kind of flavonol glycosides; B group, mainly with B kind of fiavonol glycosides; AB group, sharing the two kinds. Eight taxa (species or subspecies) in B group, which have many advanced charaetaristics, should represent a more advanced group of the genus. The species of AB group were relatively primitive in the genus. Hence the evolutionury trend from AB group to A group and then to B group was possible. This trend is basically correlated with that of morphological evolution. But the above groupings of A, B and AB do not accord with Stearn's taxonomic system and the results of pollen morphology and of chromosome C-bands. 2)E. alpinum, a species distributed in the Mediterranean area, contains a high quantity of A2 kind of compounds (those of A kind with 4'-OH), so it may be somewhat related to the primitive species in China. 3)The constituents of E. davidii and E. ecalcaratnm are almost identical, implying that the prescence or absence of the spur of the petal should be of unimportant systematic significance. 4)The chromngram of HPLC provided reliable evidence for determining the parental origin of the hybrid E. x fanjingshanense. The results of this work provided new evidence for establishing a more reasonable taxonomic system of Epimediurn, but the taxonomic research on Epimedium has a long way to go and more work must be done. Other chemical characteristics of Epimedium and its relationshipwith other groups in the Berberidaceae were also discussed. 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Floral Organogenesis and Its Systematic Significance of the Genus Nandina(Berberidaceae)

The initiation of the floral organs of Nandina domestica Thunb. (Berberidaceae) is of the trimemus-whorled pattern. Stamens and petals grew out from the lateral bifurcation of the common stamen-petal primordia; but petals underwent retarded periods of growth in their early development. Carpel initiation belongs to the ascidiate type. Some aspects concerning the trimerous floral organs, the origin of petals, stamen insertion pattem and monocarpellary pistil were discussed. In addition the floral ontogenetic characters among three genera of the Berberidaceae, i.e., Caulophyllum, Podophyllum and Nanclina were compared. It is inferred that the trimerous-whoded arrangement and the diversity of carpel initiation were the two unique characters of Nandina.     

太湖地区氮素湿沉降动态及生态学意义：以常熟生态站为例

在常熟生态站2001年6月至2003年5月连续两年定位收集湿沉降,对太湖地区氮素湿沉降动态进行研究．结果表明,湿沉降氮输入量季节变化显著,夏、春季高,秋、冬季低．在湿沉降输入氮中NH4^+-N、NO3^--N和DON的比例分别为47．6％、35．1％和17．4％．湿沉降中NH4^+-N主要来自当地农田的氨挥发,湿沉降NH4^+-N月输入量随月降雨量增加而增加(R0=0．3178^**)．该地区空气中NO3^--N浓度相对比较稳定,湿沉降中NO3^--N浓度与降雨量呈负相关(R^2=0．4205^***)．湿沉降NO33^--N月输入量与月降雨次数呈直线正相关(R^2=0．6757***),而与月降雨量相关性较差(R^2=0．1985^*)．湿沉降TN年输入量为27．0kg·hm^-2,并在所有降雨中,氮浓度均超过水体富营养化阈值(0．2mg·L^-1)．     

慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1和miR-769-5p水平表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液长链非编码核糖核酸肺腺癌转移相关转录子1（LncRNA MALAT1）和微小RNA-769-5p（miR-769-5p）水平表达及其临床意义。方法：选择2020年6月~2023年7月我院收治的慢性牙周炎患者117例纳入观察组,根据慢性牙周炎患者的病情严重程度分为轻度组39例、中度组42例和重度组36例,另选取117例健康志愿者纳入对照组。对比对照组、观察组血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1和miR-769-5p表达水平。对比不同病情严重程度血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1和miR-769-5p表达水平、血清和龈沟液炎症指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）]水平、牙周指标[牙周袋深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）]。采用Pearson相关性分析法分析慢性牙周炎患者炎症指标、牙周指标和血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p、LncRNA MALAT1表达水平的相关性。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p对慢性牙周炎的诊断价值。结果：观察组血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）,血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p表达水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）。轻度组的血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平及IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、PD、AL、SBI、PLI低于中度组（P＜0.05）,中度组低于重度组（P＜0.05）;血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p表达水平轻度组高于中度组（P＜0.05）,中度组高于重度组（P＜0.05）。慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平与IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、PD、AL、SBI、PLI呈正相关（P＜0.05）,血清和龈沟液miR-769-5p表达水平与IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ、PD、AL、SBI、PLI呈负相关（P＜0.05）,血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平与miR-769-5p表达水平呈负相关（P＜0.05）。血清LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p及联合检测诊断慢性牙周炎的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.800、0.743和0.877;龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p及联合检测诊断慢性牙周炎的AUC分别为0.786、0.849和0.891。结论：慢性牙周炎患者血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1表达水平升高,miR-769-5p表达水平降低,可加重炎症反应和牙周炎症状,血清和龈沟液LncRNA MALAT1、miR-769-5p联合检测对慢性牙周炎具有较高的诊断价值。     

The occurrence and significance of amino acids in floral nectar

Approximately 1 500 angiosperm species, in previous papers, have been sampled for the assessment of the amino acids (a. a.) in their nectar. We reaffirm that the findings provide statistically significant data linking differences in the concentration with pollinator type. Flowers that are pollinated by animals that have alternative sources of protein-building a. a.’s show lower a. a. concentration than those that are not. There is a tendency for woody plant nectar a. a.’s to be less concentrated than those of herbaceous plants, but there can be “phylogenetic constraints” which may reduce the correlations of a. a. concentration with pollinator type and with life form. The individual a. a.’s form complements which are qualitatively extremely constant within species. Proline is a normal constituent of many nectars and does not necessarily indicate contamination of the nectar by pollen. Criticism of our findings byGottsberger & al. (1984) is answered by reference to our previous publications and those of other workers, and to the presentation of data from California native species, not published previously. All previous postulates are borne out by these new data with the exception of positive correlations of a. a. concentration with “primitive” and “advanced” floral characteristics taken one at a time, which appear to be inconsistent and are affected strongly by the nature of the family in which they occur. Summary data are provided for families and genera which indicate that high or low a. a. concentration can typify certain families and genera of both relatively “primitive” and relatively “advanced” nature. Needs for future research on an ecosystem basis are quoted.     

Demonstration of beta-casomorphin immunoreactive materials in in vitro digests of bovine milk and in small intestine contents after bovine milk ingestion in adult humans

Healthy young volunteers ingested one liter of cows' milk; then the contents of the small intestine were aspirated through an intestinal tube at various times and assayed for the presence of bovine beta-casomorphin immunoreactive materials. Considerable amounts of beta-casomorphin-7, but no beta-casomorphin-5 and only small amounts of beta-casomorphin-4 or -6 immunoreactive materials were found. Chromatographical characterization showed that most of the beta-casomorphin-7 immunoreactive material was not identical with beta-casomorphin-7, whereas the major part of the beta-casomorphin-4 or -6 immunoreactive materials might be identical with their corresponding beta-casomorphins. Analogous results were obtained for in vitro digestion of bovine milk which had been designed as a rough imitation of the gastrointestinal digestion process. A regulatory influence of beta-casomorphins as "food hormones" on intestinal functions is suggested.     

Purification,partial characterization,and postembryonic levels of amylases from Sitophilus oryzae and Sitophilus granarius

Amylases from adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. granarius (L.) were purified by using a sequential procedure of ammonium sulfate precipitation, glycogen-complex formation, and ion exchange chromatography. Amylase of S. oryaze was purified 47.4-fold to a specific activity of 478 units/mg protein. One amylase unit equals 1 mg maltose hydrate produced/min at 30°C. Amylase of S. granarius was purified 85.4-fold to a specific activity of 453 units/mg protein. Amylase of S. oryzae had a Km of 0.173% for soluble starch and consisted of two anionic isozyrnes with isoelectric points of pH 3.70 and pH 3.76. Amylase of S. granarius had a Km of 0.078% for starch and was a single protein with an isoelectric point of pH 3.76. Purified amylases of both species had molecular weights of 56,000 estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were activated by chloride, and had double energies of activation calculated from Arrhenius plots. Based on fresh weights of adults feeding on whole wheat through 10 weeks of age, S. oryzae contained three-fold and eight-fold more amylase than S. granarius and S. zeamais Motschulsky, respectively. High amylase levels in S. oryzae may provide this species with an adaptive advantage when feeding on cereals containing naturally occurring amylase inhibitors.     

骆驼蓬属种子微形态及其生态学与分类学意义

报道了光及扫描电镜下,西北地区骆驼蓬属３种,９个地方居群的种子微形态特征。结果表明：该属植物种子微形态特性在种的水平上具有分类学意义,同种的不同地方居群间基本类型一致,但也存在一定程度的变异。其种子微形态与萌发有关。     

细菌和藻类的粘附行为及其生态学意义

生活在水中的细菌和藻类粘附到物理和生物表面是一种普遍现象(Ｆｌｅｔｃｈｅｒ,1979ｂ;1980)。一根木头,一块洁净的玻璃板放入水中后表面很快被细菌和藻类占据。从水中捞起的植物碎屑表面布满细菌和藻类等生物。浮游甲壳动物和轮虫表面为绿藻和鞭毛藻等密集粘附后,原表面色泽被掩饰而表现为绿色。对细菌和藻类粘附行为的研究在很早以前就已开始,至今人们在这方面获得了相当多的认识,本文就其中的某些研究结果予以介绍。1　细菌和藻类的粘附过程细菌和藻类的粘附是一个分阶段进行的过程。最初的粘附是可逆的。在这个阶段,细菌和藻类与被粘附…