不同严重程度支气管哮喘患者血清LXA4水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨不同严重程度支气管哮喘患者血清脂氧素A4(LXA4)水平的表达及临床意义。方法:选取我院2015年10月到2016年11月收治的支气管哮喘患者86例作为研究组,另选同期我院体检结果为健康的40例志愿者纳入正常对照组,根据病情的不同严重程度将研究组分为轻度持续组(26例)、中度持续组(36例)、重度持续组(24例)。比较正常对照组和研究组患者的血清LXA4水平,比较研究组不同严重程度的第1s用力呼气量占预计值的百分比(FEV1%),并分析支气管哮喘患者的LXA4水平与FEV1%的相关性。结果:轻度持续组、中度持续组、重度持续组和正常对照组血清中LXA4水平整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);中度持续组血清中LXA4水平显著高于轻度持续组、重度持续组和正常对照组,重度持续组血清中LXA4水平显著高于轻度持续组和正常对照组,轻度持续组血清中LXA4水平显著高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);轻度持续组、中度持续组、重度持续组的FEV1%整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);重度持续组的FEV1%显著低于轻度持续组和中度持续组,中度持续组的FEV1%显著低于轻度持续组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经Spearman统计分析,支气管哮喘患者的LXA4水平与FEV1%呈明显的负相关(r=-0.486,P=0.041)。结论:LXA4在支气管哮喘中度持续患者血清中表达最高,在轻度持续患者血清中表达最低,支气管哮喘越严重FEV1%水平越低,同时LXA4水平与FEV1%呈明显的负相关。     

血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸在急诊创伤性休克患者中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨血浆D-二聚体、C反应蛋白(CRP)及血乳酸在急诊创伤性休克患者中的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年2月到2017年9月期间在我院接受治疗的创伤性休克患者186例,根据患者的最终结局分为存活组和死亡组,其中在病情平稳后转出重症监护室的作为存活组(106例),死亡的患者作为死亡组(80例)。比较两组患者的急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,并比较两组患者在入院时、入院后12h、入院后24h的血浆D-二聚体、C反应蛋白(CRP)及血乳酸水平,分析血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸水平与APACHEⅡ评分的相关性。结果:死亡组的APACHEⅡ评分显著高于存活组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组的D-二聚体、CRP水平均随着时间的推移逐渐升高,血乳酸水平逐渐降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);存活组患者的D-二聚体、CRP、血乳酸水平在各个时间点均低于死亡组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。急诊创伤性休克患者血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸水平与APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关(r=0.564、0.676、0.506,P0.05)。结论:血浆D-二聚体、CRP及血乳酸水平与急诊创伤性休克患者的APACHEⅡ评分存在相关性,临床上可对其进行检测来评估患者的病情和预后情况。     

血清降钙素原检测对早期诊断肝衰竭合并感染的临床意义

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)检测在肝衰竭合并感染早期诊断中的临床意义。方法:选择2014年3月至2017年3月我院收治的由病毒性肝炎导致的肝衰竭患者102例为研究对象,根据有无感染分为感染组(75例)和非感染组(27例),采用干式免疫荧光法检测其血清PCT水平,并检测两组患者白细胞(WBC)水平、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平、中性粒细胞百分比(N%),进行全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)评分,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析PCT、WBC、CRP、N%水平和SIRS评分对肝衰竭合并感染的预测价值大小,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价PCT、WBC、CRP、N%水平和SIRS评分对肝衰竭合并感染的诊断价值。结果:感染组PCT、WBC、N%、CRP水平和SIRS评分均高于非感染组(P0.05);不同感染部位患者WBC、N%、CRP水平和SIRS评分比较差异不明显(P0.05);多部位感染患者血清PCT水平均高于其他单部位感染患者(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PCT和N%水平是肝衰竭合并感染的独立危险因素(P0.05);PCT、N%、CRP、WBC水平和SIRS评分诊断肝衰竭合并感染的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值依次为0.916、0.763、0.752、0.746、0.682,PCT诊断肝衰竭合并感染的AUC值分别与N%、CRP、WBC和SIRS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=3.518、3.672、4.103、5.106,P0.05)。结论:肝衰竭合并感染患者血清PCT水平明显升高,PCT对肝衰竭合并感染的诊断价值优于WBC、CRP、N%和SIRS评分等传统实验室指标。     

The continuing misuse of null hypothesis significance testing in biological anthropology

There is over 60 years of discussion in the statistical literature concerning the misuse and limitations of null hypothesis significance tests (NHST). Based on the prevalence of NHST in biological anthropology research, it appears that the discipline generally is unaware of these concerns. The p values used in NHST usually are interpreted incorrectly. A p value indicates the probability of the data given the null hypothesis. It should not be interpreted as the probability that the null hypothesis is true or as evidence for or against any specific alternative to the null hypothesis. P values are a function of both the sample size and the effect size, and therefore do not indicate whether the effect observed in the study is important, large, or small. P values have poor replicability in repeated experiments. The distribution of p values is continuous and varies from 0 to 1.0. The use of a cut‐off, generally p ≤ 0.05, to separate significant from nonsignificant results, is an arbitrary dichotomization of continuous variation. In 2016, the American Statistical Association issued a statement of principles regarding the misinterpretation of NHST, the first time it has done so regarding a specific statistical procedure in its 180‐year history. Effect sizes and confidence intervals, which can be calculated for any data used to calculate p values, provide more and better information about tested hypotheses than p values and NHST.     

中国黄耆属糙叶组叶表皮毛状体微形态学特征

采用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对中国产黄耆属糙叶组34种植物的叶表皮毛状体的形态特征及其分布进行了观察,以探讨中国黄耆属糙叶组物种表皮毛微观形态的变异式样及其分类学意义,为糙叶组物种的分类鉴定提供依据。结果表明：除乳白花黄耆（A. galactites）仅在叶下表面被毛外,其余种类上下表皮均有毛,且毛的分布、形态、长度和臂比在不同种类间存在差异。叶表皮毛为伏贴或开展的中空管状毛,伏贴毛着生部位基部膨大,整体形态从中部向两端由粗逐渐变细,开展的毛大部分为细长的丝状或线状,光滑或具条纹状纹饰,上面分布有乳突。研究认为,叶表皮表面伏贴、短而平直、其上光滑具密集乳突、臂比值小、整体宽扁的毛是祖先特征;而叶表皮表面向上开展、长而密集、外形呈丝状或线形、其上具条纹状纹饰、乳突稀疏、臂比值大的毛是进化特征。     

国产酸浆属（茄科）的叶表皮和种皮特征及其分类学意义

在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察了茄科酸浆属５种２变种及邻近属２种植物：辣椒和龙珠的叶表皮及种皮特征,发现上述植物的叶上、下表皮细胞表面观形状为不规则形,垂周壁浅波状、波状或深波状;一些类群的气孔器在上、下表皮均存在,另一些类群的气孔器则仅在下表皮存在,其类型一致为无规则型。扫描电镜下叶下表皮的特征,包括角质膜以及气孔外拱盖和拱盖内缘的特征,有一定的分类学价值。此外,种皮纹饰可作为区分酸浆属、辣椒和龙     

Population dynamics and functional roles of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in hardwood forest and agricultural ecosystems

Population dynamics of enchytraeids are described for 2 montane forested watersheds in southwestern North Carolina (Coweeta) and an agricultural site under conventional (CT) and no-tillage (NT) management in the northeastern Georgia piedmont (Horseshoe Bend, HSB). Given that much of the taxonomy, ecology and community structure of enchytraeids is poorly known, our objective was to identify key indicators of enchytraeid community structure which could be used, in this case, to better understand their role in soil structure formation. Although population densities of enchytraeids were higher in the forested (Coweeta) than in the arable soils (HSB), the average ash free dry weight per enchytraeid at HSB was nearly double that found at Coweeta. Based on these measurements and an estimate of their gut transit time, we calculated that the enchytraeids at HSB transported 2180 g of soil per m² per year compared to 443 and 393 g m^-2 yr^-1 for watershed 18 and 27, respectively at Coweeta. We therefore hypothesize that enchytraeids have a larger influence on soil structure in agricultural fields than in forested areas, in spite of lower population densities. The ash free dry weight and ash wt. per enchytraeid may qualify as key indicator parameters of enchytraeid community structure which helps to understand their functional role in ecosystems, though more studies are called for.     

用RFLP和PCR—RFLP技术研究东北虎和华南虎线粒体DNA多态性

采用ｍｔＤＮＡＲＦＬＰ和ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ技术研究了东北虎和华南虎的ｍｔＤＮＡ的多态性。在ｍｔＤＮＡＲＦＬＰ研究中,分离纯化了东北虎和华南虎肝、肾和心脏组织的ｍｔＤＮＡ,用２０种识别６碱基对的限制性内切酶消化,结果只有１种限制性内切酶（ＸｂａⅠ）检测到多态性片段,其余１９种限制性内切酶消化产生的限制性格局在东北虎和华南虎完全一致。在ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ研究中,用ＰＣＲ技术分别扩增了东北虎和华南虎ｍｔＤＮＡ的控制区（ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｒｅｇｉｏｎ）,用８种识别４碱基对的限制性内切酶分别对扩增产物进行消化,结果只有１种限制性内切酶（ＲｓａⅠ）检测到多态性片段。ｍｔＤＮＡＲＦＬＰ及ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ的结果均提示东北虎和华南虎之间的遗传距离极小。这可能与下列因素有关：两者分布区间无天然隔离屏障;具有强扩散能力;近几百年才被相互隔离。     

锦鸡儿属花粉形态及其分类意义

在光学显微镜和扫锚电镜下对锦鸡儿属31种2变种植物花粉形态进行了观察。根据外壁表面纹饰,可分：类型I,表面具小穿孔;类型II, 具网状纹饰。 在类型II中据网眼大小和网脊宽度特征又分为两个亚类型。 根据花粉体积大小,可分4个类型。本属植物花粉形态较为一致,表明是一个自然类群。组、 系的花粉形态特征与一般形态变异不一定相对应,即形态上有明显区别的种类,在花粉形态上未必有很大区别,仅一些种类及矮锦鸡儿系 Ser. Pygmaeae的花粉形态相近。 本属花粉形态在种下等级的变异, 特别是青藏高原分布的种类的变异较为明显,例如 C.bicolor,C. jubata,C. erinacea 与各自的近缘种类。花粉形态为分类处理提供了参考。本属植物花粉形态是从表面具小穿孔向具网状纹饰演化,对应于羽状叶类群向掌状叶类群演化。     

Naturally occurring seco-ring-A-triterpenoids and their possible biological significance

The literature appearing up to mid 1984 on the isolation and identification of naturally occurring seco-ring-A triterpenoids is reviewed. The distribution of these triterpenoids in the plant kingdom is discussed. Their biological action is considered in relation to plant protection. It is concluded that ring-A fission is a general process in the oxidative degradation of tetra- and pentacyclic triternoids.