改良乳腺癌根治术后切口感染的病原学特征、影响因素及其凝血纤溶功能研究

摘要 目的：探讨改良乳腺癌根治术后切口感染的病原学特征、影响因素及其对凝血纤溶功能的影响。方法：选取我院于2016年6月~2020年9月期间收治的390例行改良乳腺癌根治术的乳腺癌患者,分析改良乳腺癌根治术后切口感染的病原学特征、影响因素及术后切口感染对凝血纤溶功能的影响。结果：390例行改良乳腺癌根治术的乳腺癌患者,术后发生切口感染28例,术后切口感染率为7.18%（28/390）,将未发生术后切口感染的患者纳为未感染组（n=362）,发生的纳为感染组（n=28）。28例发生感染的患者共分离培养病原菌36株,其中革兰阳性菌14株,占比38.89%（14/36）,以金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌为主。革兰阴性菌21株,占比58.33%（21/36）,以大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主。改良根治术后乳腺癌患者切口感染的影响因素包括手术时间、术后住院时间、合并基础疾病、引流时间、年龄、白蛋白（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析发现：合并基础疾病、年龄≥60岁、白蛋白＜35 g/L、手术时间≥120 min均是改良乳腺癌根治术后切口感染的影响因素（P＜0.05）。两组术后30 d凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）升高,且未感染组高于感染组（P<0.05）,纤维蛋白原（FIB）降低,且未感染组低于感染组（P<0.05）。结论：改良乳腺癌根治术后切口感染较为常见,致病菌以革兰阴性菌为主,年龄、合并基础疾病、白蛋白、手术时间均是其影响因素,同时术后切口感染的发生可影响凝血纤溶功能的恢复,临床医生应积极采取措施预防术后切口感染的发生,从而保证手术治疗效果。     

儿童重症监护病房医院感染暴发白色念珠菌血流感染4例分析

摘要 目的：探讨儿童重症监护病房白色念珠菌血流感染暴发的临床表现、危险因素、控制措施等,为预防和控制院内白色念珠菌血流感染暴发提供科学依据。方法：以2018年7月我院儿童重症监护病房发生的4例白色念珠菌血流感染暴发患儿为研究对象,分析患儿临床情况、临床特征、危险因素、暴发原因以及采取的预防控制措施。结果：4例医院感染暴发白色念珠菌血流感染患儿均存在基础疾病、有机械通气史、存在中心静脉或动脉置管、静脉或动脉置管前后均使用碘伏消毒、曾使用广谱抗生素、输血制品,白色念珠菌血流感染后最突出的临床表现均是发热。药敏方面,医院感染暴发的4例白色念珠菌感染患儿对唑类及5-氟胞嘧啶均耐药,但对两性霉素B均敏感。经拔除血管置管、减少或者避免广谱抗菌药的应用,根据药敏使用卡泊芬净及两性霉素B抗真菌等积极治疗,1例患儿放弃治疗后死亡,3例患儿顺利出院。通过Fisher确切概率法分析可知,留置中心静脉或动脉置管是儿童重症监护病房发生医院感染暴发白色念珠菌血流感染的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：留置中心静脉或动脉置管是儿童重症监护病房发生医院感染暴发白色念珠菌血流感染的危险因素,医院感染暴发白色念珠菌血流感染患儿最突出的临床表现是发热,唑类及5-氟胞嘧啶耐药的患儿使用卡泊芬净及两性霉素B可能获得较好的治疗效果。     

慢性乙肝病毒感染患者肝纤维化、肝功能及Th1/Th2细胞因子水平变化及恩替卡韦干预研究

摘要 目的：研究慢性乙肝病毒（HBV）感染患者肝纤维化、肝功能及Th1/Th2细胞因子水平的变化情况,并分析恩替卡韦干预对慢性HBV感染患者相关指标的影响。方法：选择2016年4月至2018年1月我院收治的120例慢性HBV感染者为研究对象,其中慢性乙肝轻度50例、中度24例、重度21例、肝硬化者25例,并选择同期于我院进行体检的50例健康者为健康对照组,分析不同病情慢性HBV感染患者血清中的肝纤维化指标[透明质酸（HA）、Ⅳ型胶原（ⅣC）,层粘连蛋白（LN）、III型前胶原肽（PC III）]、肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转移酶（AST）]及Th1/Th2细胞因子[干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、白介素-2（IL-2）、白介素-4（IL-4）、白介素-6（IL-6）]的变化,慢性HBV感染患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予还原型谷胱甘肽和复方甘草酸苷等常规护肝治疗,观察组在对照组基础上另口服恩替卡韦分散片治疗,对比两组治疗前后各指标水平。结果：慢性HBV感染患者的肝纤维化指标、肝功能指标及Th1/Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-6等指标水平均显著高于健康对照组,且随着病情的加重呈逐渐上升趋势;而IFN-γ和IL-2水平均低于健康对照组,随着病情的加重而逐渐降低（P<0.05）。治疗后两组血清肝纤维化指标（HA、ⅣC、LN、PC III）、肝功能指标（ALT、AST）以及IL-4、IL-6水平均显著低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后两组血清IFN-γ、IL-2水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：慢性HBV感染患者存在肝纤维化水平上升、肝功能受损及Th1/Th2细胞失衡,恩替卡韦联合常规护肝治疗可有效纠正患者的Th1/Th2细胞失衡,减轻患者的肝纤维化,改善其肝功能。     

维生素A、E水平与儿童反复呼吸道感染的相关性和危险因素研究

摘要 目的：研究维生素A（VA）、维生素E（VE）水平与儿童反复呼吸道感染（RRI）的相关性和危险因素。方法：选择本院2017年1月~2019年10月诊治的318例RRI患儿,同期选择285例健康体检儿童作为对照组,比较各组VA、VE表达情况,并分析儿童RRI发生的危险因素。结果：RRI组VA及VE水平低于对照组,VA及VE缺乏率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。1~3岁患儿VA及VE水平高于3~6岁组且高于>6岁组（P<0.05）。对照组和RRI组性别、出生时体重比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）;RRI组自然分娩、母乳喂养率低于对照组,偏食、过敏体质、抗生素滥用、人均居住面积<13 m²、母亲文化高中及以下率高于对照组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,早产、偏食、过敏体质、被动吸烟、抗生素滥用、人均居住面积<13 m²是RRI发生的独立危险因素,VA、VE、自然分娩、母乳喂养、母亲文化程度是RRI发生的保护因素。结论：RRI儿童VA、VE水平较低,且RRI的发生和多种危险因素相关,临床应针对性的进行预防干预。     

圣乔治教堂诺卡菌引起的肺部感染1例

诺卡菌肺部感染可引起肺诺卡菌病,因其无特异性的临床表现,容易误诊、漏诊。因此,临床实验室的培养鉴定能力非常重要,若不能及时诊治,则会导致病死率较高。诺卡菌病临床较为少见,为引起临床实验室对诺卡菌的鉴定和药敏试验的重视,本文报道了上海市嘉定区中心医院2019年2月收治的1例由圣乔治教堂诺卡菌(Nocardia cyriacigeorgica)感染引起的肺诺卡菌病病例,针对其临床特征、实验室检测及治疗等进行分析,期望对临床诊治诺卡菌病有所帮助。     

Gut microbiota,inflammation, and molecular signatures of host response to infection

Gut microbial dysbiosis has been linked to many noncommunicable diseases. However, little is known about specific gut microbiota composition and its correlated metabolites associated with molecular signatures underlying host response to infection. Here, we describe the construction of a proteomic risk score based on 20 blood proteomic biomarkers, which have recently been identified as molecular signatures predicting the progression of the COVID-19. We demonstrate that in our cohort of 990 healthy individuals without infection, this proteomic risk score is positively associated with proinflammatory cytokines mainly among older, but not younger, individuals. We further discover that a core set of gut microbiota can accurately predict the above proteomic biomarkers among 301 individuals using a machine learning model and that these gut microbiota features are highly correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in another independent set of 366 individuals. Fecal metabolomics analysis suggests potential amino acid-related pathways linking gut microbiota to host metabolism and inflammation. Overall, our multi-omics analyses suggest that gut microbiota composition and function are closely related to inflammation and molecular signatures of host response to infection among healthy individuals. These results may provide novel insights into the cross-talk between gut microbiota and host immune system.     

Regulatory KIR+RA+ T cells accumulate with age and are highly activated during viral respiratory disease

Severe respiratory viral infectious diseases such as influenza and COVID‐19 especially affect the older population. This is partly ascribed to diminished CD8⁺ T‐cell responses a result of aging. The phenotypical diversity of the CD8⁺ T‐cell population has made it difficult to identify the impact of aging on CD8⁺ T‐cell subsets associated with diminished CD8⁺ T‐cell responses. Here we identify a novel human CD8⁺ T‐cell subset characterized by expression of Killer‐cell Immunoglobulin‐like Receptors (KIR⁺) and CD45RA (RA⁺). These KIR⁺RA⁺ T cells accumulated with age in the blood of healthy individuals (20–82 years of age, n = 50), expressed high levels of aging‐related markers of T‐cell regulation, and were functionally capable of suppressing proliferation of other CD8⁺ T cells. Moreover, KIR⁺RA⁺ T cells were a major T‐cell subset becoming activated in older adults suffering from an acute respiratory viral infection (n = 36), including coronavirus and influenza virus infection. In addition, older adults with influenza A infection showed that higher activation status of their KIR⁺RA⁺ T cells associated with longer duration of respiratory symptoms. Together, our data indicate that KIR⁺RA⁺ T cells are a unique human T‐cell subset with regulatory properties that may explain susceptibility to viral respiratory disease at old age.     

Oxidative DNA and RNA damage and their prognostic values during Salmonella enteritidis-induced intestinal infection in rats

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that microbial pathogens may induce oxidative stress in infected hosts. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between changes in oxidative stress and intestinal infection with and without antibiotic treatment in animal models. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups: rats infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. enteritidis), rats infected with S. enteritidis followed by norfloxacin treatment, and the control group. To evaluate oxidative stress changes, levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxo-Gsn) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGsn), which represented oxidative damage to RNA and DNA, respectively, were analysed in urine and tissue samples. In urine, the level of 8-oxo-Gsn increased significantly after oral exposure to S. enteritidis (p?≤?0.001) and returned to baseline after recovery. Notably, norfloxacin treatment decreased the level of 8-oxo-Gsn in urine significantly (p?=?0.001). Changes of 8-oxo-Gsn measured in tissues from the small intestine, colon, liver and spleen were consistent with 8-oxo-Gsn measured in urine. Our study suggested that 8-oxo-Gsn in urine may serve as a highly sensitive biomarker for evaluating the severity of S. enteritidis infection and the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment against infection.