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71.
甜菜夜蛾对性信息素的行为反应及其田间诱捕效果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工合成的甜菜夜蛾性信息素两组分(顺,反)-9,12-十四碳二烯醇醋酸酯(Z9,E12-14:Ac)和(顺)-9-十四碳烯醇(Z9-14:OH)按不同配比制成诱芯,在风洞中均能引起雄蛾搜索气迹、定向飞行及接近诱芯的行为反应.不同配比和剂量的诱芯诱虫效果差异显著(p<0.05).Z9,E12-14:Ac和Z9-14:OH按7:3配比,诱虫活性最高,表现在风洞中,搜索气迹、定向飞行和接近诱芯的蛾数最高,与处女蛾的引诱效果相当.以此配比制成的性诱剂在田间诱捕的虫量最多,与风洞的试验结果基本一致.诱芯剂量在0.05~0.5mg范围内均有显著的诱虫效果,但剂量过低或过高均导致诱捕率下降.同一配比诱芯在风洞中引起雄蛾接近诱芯的蛾量与田间诱蛾量呈显著相关(R1=0.968,R2=0.961).并对这些结果在甜菜夜蛾田间性诱剂防治应用的前景进行了讨论. 相似文献
72.
于2005~2006年在辽宁省千山利用信息化学物质野外诱捕黄色梢小蠹Gryphalus fulvus、红松根小蠹Hylastes plumbeus、横坑切梢小蠹Tomicus minor及纵坑切梢小蠹Tomicus piniperda成虫,结果显示:这4种小蠹在4月18日至8月10日期间都明显出现2次扬飞高峰。第1次扬飞高峰持续均为30d左右,第2次扬飞高峰期约为15d;黄色梢小蠹和红松根小蠹第1次扬飞高峰期在5月上中旬出现,第2次扬飞高峰期分别在7月中下旬和上中旬;横坑切梢小蠹与纵坑切梢小蠹的扬飞高峰期基本一致,第1次扬飞高峰期为4月下旬到5月上旬,第2次扬飞高峰在7月上中旬;结果同时还表明诱虫量第1次扬飞高峰一般都明显大于第2次,只是黄色梢小蠹在首次利用信息化学物质进行监测且密度较高时例外。 相似文献
73.
The volatile components from the labial glands of males of six Japanese bumblebee species were analyzed and compared. Clear species‐specificity was found. Ethyl dodecanoate was identified as the major component from the glands of Bombus (Bombus) hypocrita hypocrita and Bombus (Bombus) hypocrita sapporoensis while dihydrofarnesal and dihydrofarnesol were the major components from Bombus (Bombus) ignitus. Citronellol and trans,trans‐farnesol were found from Bombus (Pyrobombus) ardens ardens and Bombus (Diversobombus) diversus diversus, respectively. trans,trans‐Farnesol was also found from Bombus (Diversobombus) diversus tersatus in Hokkaido. Such differences strongly suggest that these chemicals play an important role in reproductive isolation between sympatric species of Japanese bumblebees. 相似文献
74.
75.
Arne Janssen Angelo Pallini Madelaine Venzon Maurice W. Sabelis 《Experimental & applied acarology》1998,22(9):497-521
With the increased use of biological control agents, artificial food webs are created in agricultural crops and the interactions between plants, herbivores and natural enemies change from simple tritrophic interactions to more complex food web interactions. Therefore, herbivore densities will not only be determined by direct predator–prey interactions and direct and indirect defence of plants against herbivores, but also by other direct and indirect interactions such as apparent competition, intraguild predation, resource competition, etc. Although these interactions have received considerable attention in theory and experiments, little is known about their impact on biological control. In this paper, we first present a review of indirect food web interactions in biological control systems. We propose to distinguish between numerical indirect interactions, which are interactions where one species affects densities of another species through an effect on the numbers of an intermediate species and functional indirect interactions, defined as changes in the way that two species interact through the presence of a third species. It is argued that functional indirect interactions are important in food webs and deserve more attention. Subsequently, we discuss experimental results on interactions in an artificial food web consisting of pests and natural enemies on greenhouse cucumber. The two pest species are the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae and the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Their natural enemies are the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, which is commonly used for spider mite control and the predatory mites Neoseiulus cucumeris and Iphiseius degenerans and the predatory bug Orius laevigatus, all natural enemies of thrips. First, we analyse the possible interactions between these seven species and we continue by discussing how functional indirect interactions, particularly the behaviour of arthropods, may change the significance and impact of direct interactions and numerical indirect interactions. It was found that a simple food web of only four species already gives rise to some quite complicated combinations of interactions. Spider mites and thrips interact indirectly through resource competition, but thrips larvae are intraguild predators of spider mites. Some of the natural enemies used for control of the two herbivore species are also intraguild predators. Moreover, spider mites produce a web that is subsequently used by thrips to hide from their predators. We discuss these and other results obtained so far and we conclude with a discussion of the potential impact of functional indirect and direct interactions on food webs and their significance for biological control. 相似文献
76.
Kumaran Ganesan Murlidhar J Mendki Malladi V S Suryanarayana Shri Prakash Ramesh C Malhotra 《Australian Journal of Entomology》2006,45(1):75-80
Abstract The chemical factors influencing the selection of oviposition site by gravid females of various mosquito species have been the subject of numerous investigations. Recent studies have revealed this behaviour to be controlled by semiochemicals. Here we report studies on semiochemicals of egg origin and their effect on the ovipositional behaviour of Aedes aegypti. The compounds present in egg extracts of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. They were then evaluated for their effect on ovipositional behaviour against gravid females of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes at different concentrations. Gravid female Ae. aegypti were found to be sensitive to all the identified compounds: 6-hexanolactone, methyl dodecanoate, dodecanoic acid, methyl tetradecanoate, tetradecanoic acid, methyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate, methyl hexadecanoate (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, methyl (Z)-9-octadecenoate, methyl octadecanoate (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid and octadecanoic acid. Among them, dodecanoic and (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acids showed significant positive ovipositional response at different concentrations whereas all the esters showed deterrent/repellent ovipositional effect. 相似文献
77.
E. Bartlet M. M. Blight A. J. Hick I. H. Williams 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1993,68(3):295-302
The responses of the cabbage seed weevil,Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to volatiles from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) were tested using a linear track olfactometer. Weevils were attracted towards the odour of rape during a short period
before diapause and for most of their postdiapause life. Odours from both the flowering and green parts of the plant were
attractive, but the odour of a non-host plant (Bellis perennis L.) was not. An entrainment extract of flowering rape volatiles in pentane was attractive, but significantly less so than
the odour of flowering rape itself. Attraction was found to 3-butenyl and 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate (NCS), but not to 2-phenylethyl
isothiocyanate. A mixture of the three NCSs was more attractive than the individual NCSs. However, the concentration required
to produce a response was still relatively high. Isothiocyanates, along with other volatiles from rape, probably play a role
in host plant recognition by the seed weevil. 相似文献
78.
外来入侵害虫红脂大小蠹对寄主挥发物的反应 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:11
2002年,利用寄主挥发性物质(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和(-)柠檬烯按不同配比制成诱芯,采用自行研制的挥发物释放装置,在山西省关帝山森林经营局西葫芦林场对危害油松Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.的重大外来入侵林业害虫红脂大小蠹Dendroctomus valens LeConte进行了引诱试验。结果表明,3蒈烯对红脂大小蠹的引诱作用最强,明显优于单独使用(+)-α-蒎烯和(-)-β-蒎烯的诱虫效果,也比北美应用的标准诱芯[(+)- α蒎烯(-)-β-蒎烯与3-蒈烯的比例为1∶1∶1]效果好;在标准诱芯中加入油松另一主要成分-(-)柠檬烯会明显降低诱虫效果。红脂大小蠹引诱剂最佳释放量为150 mg/d。该研究不仅对我国红脂大小蠹的监控具有实际应用意义,也从理论上探讨了红脂大小蠹与寄主油松协同进化的化学生态学过程。 相似文献
79.
天牛成虫信息素及嗅觉感受机制研究进展 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
评述了天牛成虫信息素及嗅觉感受机制的研究进展。天牛雌、雄成虫均可释放性信息素,迄今已对31种天牛的性信息素进行了研究,其中完成组分鉴定的有13种。天牛性信息素包括长距离、短距离和接触性信息素3种类型。天牛性信息素存在变异现象,同种天牛分布在不同地区,其性信息素组分之间存在差异。触角是天牛感受性信息素的主要器官,也是判别成虫通讯方式的形态指标,性信息素发达的种类其触角常具显著的性二型现象。天牛利用寄主信息素(如萜烯类、醇类和酯类)寻找寄主。性信息素和寄主信息素在林间复合使用可提高诱捕率。天牛信息素还包括异种信息素、忌避信息素和产卵干扰素,能够提高天牛寄主定位效率。天牛触角嗅觉感受的神经细胞(RNs)有3类,气味信息经神经细胞群传输至中枢神经系统,神经信号按标记路线或交叉纤维样式输导。天牛气味结合蛋白(OBP)方面的研究尚未见报道。 相似文献
80.
A. Ganeswara Rao D. D. R. Reddy K. Krishnaiah P. S. Beevor A. Cork D. R. Hall 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1995,74(3):195-200
Analysis of ovipositor washings from virgin femaleCnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of Indian origin by linked gas chromatography and electroantennography indicated the presence
of three electrophysiologically-active compounds. These were identified on the basis of their gas chromatographic retention
times and mass spectra as (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate and (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol with (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate present in amounts of between 0.25 and 1.5 ng per ovipositor and the other two components at less
than 10% of this. Trace quantities of octadecyl acetate were identified by mass spectrometry but no electroantennographic
responses were observed to this compound. Field trials conducted with a range of blends of the three electrophysiologically-active
compounds showed that blends containing between 5% and 30% (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate in (Z)-13-octadecenyl acetate dispensed from either white rubber septa or polythene vials were more attractive to male moths than
a virgin female moth. Addition of (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol reduced attractiveness to male moths in the blends and concentrations tested. 相似文献