草莓苗冷藏过程中内源激素水平变化及相关分析

以宝交早生一年生草莓苗为材料,研究和分析了长期冷藏（０℃）过程中各种内源激素的含量水平、变化及相关关系。冷藏苗和对照苗的差异典型地表现在根部的激素含量上。冷藏苗的ＡＢＡ含量始终比对照苗低,Ｚｅａｔｉｎ、Ｚｅａｔｉｎ ｒｉｂｏｓｉｄｅ、ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ的含量却始终比对照高。其内源激素的变化既不同于有休眠特性的洋葱,也不同于无休眠特性的甘兰。各种内源激素之间的相关分析表明激素之间存在着显著的协同关系。     

碳酸钠逐级驯化对星星草幼苗抗碱性的影响

对不同浓度Ｎａ２ＣＯ３膛级驯化星星草幼苗的研究结果表明,逐级提高对星星草幼苗的盐碱胁迫强度,在一定程度上可以缓解Ｎａ２ＣＯ３对幼苗鲜重和干重增长的抑制作用,及其对星星草幼苗细胞膜的伤害,从而提高幼苗对Ｎａ２ＣＯ３胁迫的抗性。并就星星草幼苗耐盐碱的极限进行了讨论。     

生物炭对香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落与代谢活性的影响

采用盆栽培养香蕉小苗,以生物炭与土壤的不同比例混合作为培养基质。3个月后采集香蕉苗根际土壤,采用稀释平板菌落计数法测定微生物数量;采用BIOLOG-ECO技术分析香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落。结果显示,生物炭的施加能够显著增加土壤中微生物数量,生物炭低量(C1)施加对真菌、放线菌的数量就有明显提高,最高分别达到12.1×103cfu/g、10.2×104cfu/g。较高生物炭的施加量(C2、C3)显著提高细菌、氨化细菌和固氮菌数量,最高分别达到8.8×106cfu/g、4.5×103cfu/g、17.0×105cfu/g。BIOLOG-ECO分析表明,生物炭的施加提高了微生物群落平均颜色变化率(Average well color development,AWCD),多样性指数和碳源利用丰度。生物炭的施加提高了香蕉苗根际微生物对碳源的利用能力。在同一时期,微生物对不同碳源的利用能力均表现为C3处理组最高,CK较低。结果表明,生物炭的添加对提高香蕉苗根际土壤微生物群落数量,改善微生物群落构成和代谢具有显著作用。     

Early changes of gene activity in developing seedlings of Arabidopsis hybrids relative to parents may contribute to hybrid vigour

Hybrid vigour (heterosis) has been used for decades in crop industries, especially in the production of maize and rice. Hybrid varieties usually exceed their parents in plant biomass and seed yield. But the molecular basis of hybrid vigour is not fully understood. In this project, we studied heterosis at early stages of seedling development in Arabidopsis hybrids derived from crossing Ler and C24 accessions. We found that early heterosis is associated with non‐additive gene expression that resulted from earlier changes in gene expression in the hybrids relative to the parents. The non‐additively expressed genes are involved in metabolic pathways, including photosynthesis, critical for plant growth. The early increased expression levels of genes involved in energy production in hybrids is associated with heterosis in the young seedlings that could be essential for biomass heterosis at later developmental stages of the plant.     

不同波长蓝光LED对两个品种水稻秧苗生长的影响

传统的大田育秧方式容易受到自然条件的影响,如在连续的阴雨天容易导致烂秧,而采用人工可控的工厂化育秧则有助于解决此类问题。LED光源具有光质纯、光效高以及低能耗等优势,是一种有望在工厂化育秧中应用的人工光源。该研究以生长特性差异明显的水稻天优998(籼稻)和圣稻14(粳稻)为材料,在光强为(60±5)μmol·m~-2·s~-1、光周期为12 h·d~-1的条件下,以450、470和490 nm 3个波长的蓝光LED照射天优998和圣稻14秧苗,考察了不同波长蓝光对两个品种的三叶期和五叶期水稻秧苗生长的影响。结果表明:蓝光处理下两个品种、不同秧龄幼苗的壮苗指数、根系活力和根数增加,体内碳、氮代谢活性增强,抗氧化物酶活性也会增加。3个波长的蓝光对两个品种、不同秧龄水稻秧苗生长的影响存在差异,450 nm照射下水稻秧苗的各项生长指标较优,生产上育秧可根据秧龄选择450 nm或490 nm作为独立和组合光源。     

Shade‐induced stem elongation in rice seedlings: Implication of tissue‐specific phytohormone regulation

A better understanding of shade avoidance syndrome(SAS) is an urgent need because of its effect on energy reallocation. Leverage-related mechanism in crops is of potential economic interest for agricultural applications. Here we report the SAS phenotype at tissue level rice seedlings. Tissue-specific RNA-sequencing indicates auxin plays different roles between coleoptile and the first leaf.Phenotypes of wild type treated by gibberellin and brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitors and of related mutants suggest these two hormones positively regulate SAS. Our work reveals the diversity of hormone responses in different organs and different species in shade conditions.     

Effect of nicotianamine on iron re-mobilization in de-rooted tomato seedlings

Summary An exogenous supply of nicotianamine is essential for the redistribution of⁵⁹iron via the symplast and the phloem to newly developing organs in de-rooted seedlings of the nicotianamine-less tomato mutantchloronerva. This observation supports the idea that nicotianamine could function as a translocator of iron within the symplast and the phloem.Abbreviations EDDHA ethylenediamine-N,N-bis(o-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid) - NA nicotianamine=(2S, 3S,3S)-N-[N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid This paper is part 36 in the seriesThe normalizing factor for the tomato mutant chloronerva. For part 35 see Stephan and Grün (1989)     

硫对水稻幼苗乙烯产生的影响

水稻幼苗缺硫培养12—15天,叶和根中的乙烯产生量明显降低,缺硫培养时间延长,根的乙烯产生量继续降低,叶的乙烯产生量升高。在缺硫幼苗中供给 SO_4~(2-)和0.1mmol/l 的半胱氨酸,乙烯产生量分别在36和12小时后升高到加硫幼苗的水平。供给0.1mmol/l 蛋氨酸,6小时后的乙烯产生量已高于加硫的幼苗。测定培养13天的幼苗叶片中游离氨基酸表明,缺硫幼苗其蛋氨酸和胱氨酸的含量降低。     

外源ABA对黄瓜幼苗抗低温胁迫的作用

在光照下对黄瓜(Cucuntis sativus L.)离体子叶圆片和幼苗分别使用10~(-6)mol/l 与10~(-4)mol/l ABA 处理,有防御低温伤害的作用,表现为降低子叶圆片的电解质渗漏,阻抑幼苗子叶的谷胱甘肽含量的下降和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的累积,减缓叶片的光合作用的下降和叶绿素荧光的猝灭,提高幼苗的存活率。但这种作用可被黑暗和光合抑制剂(DCMU)所限制。