中国现代植物区系(地理)学的学派形成和展望

简要回顾了中国近代植物区系 (地理 )学的历史。记述了吴征镒的植物区系的热带亲缘理论和张宏达的华夏植物区系理论的形成和主要特点 ,比较异同 ,以期通过他们及其研究群体联手协作 ,形成具有中国特色的植物区系学新学派     

Examining Microscopic Organisms under Augmented Reality Microscope: A 5E Learning Model Lesson

As a fundamental strategy for all science curriculum, inquiry is of prime importance. In order to facilitate inquiry during science education in middle school, 5E learning model was applied in this study. Following 5E learning model during a lesson, students can engage in a topic after being served to mitigate cognitive disequilibrium or familiar with daily-life examples such as yoghurt fermentation, oven spring, etc. explore the topic making an observation or testing hypothesis, explain and relate their experiences scientifically, extend or elaborate their knowledge and then being evaluated. This study introduces a sample 5E learning model for middle school students at the ages of 10–12 in science laboratory with an augmented reality microscope MicrosAR to examine microscopic organisms based on inquiry-based learning.     

对中职药剂专业学生化学类课程实践能力要求的调研报告

目的:对中职药剂专业化学类课程实践技能需求进行调研,为化学类课程实践性教学内容的优化组合提供依据,解决教学中存在内容重复、与生产实际脱节等问题。方法:通过问卷调查和访谈等方法对中职药剂专业化学类课程实践能力需求进行调查,数据统计分析采用了SPSS 13.0统计软件和Excel 2007软件。结果:将中职药剂专业化学类课程实践性教学内容进行优化组合,加强实际需要的实践性操作,剔除过时的陈旧内容。形成基础知识、基本操作技能、验证性实验技术、化学分析和仪器分析实验技术、综合实训、附录等六个模块内容,编撰了《药剂专业化学实训指导》,提出中职药剂专业化学类课程实践性教学的标准。结论:科学合理、与时俱进的实践教学内容能保证学生掌握行业需要的化学类实践技能,达到本专业学生应获得的职业资格证书中相应模块考证的基本要求,成为具有较强实际操作能力的高素质劳动者。     

Teaching animal habitat selection using wildlife tracking equipment

We present a hands-on outdoor activity coupled with classroom discussion to teach students about wildlife habitat selection, the process by which animals choose where to live. By selecting locations or habitats with many benefits (e.g., food, shelter, mates) and few costs (e.g., predators), animals improve their ability to survive and reproduce. Biologists track animal movement using radio telemetry technology to study habitat selection so they can better provide species with habitats that promote population growth. We present a curriculum in which students locate “animals” (transmitters) using radio telemetry equipment and apply math skills (use of fractions and percentages) to assess their “animal's” habitat selection by comparing the availability of habitat types with the proportion of “animals” they find in each habitat type.     

Rhetoric of Exclusion and Racist Violence in a Catalan Secondary School

Drawing on ethnographic research in a secondary school in Catalonia, Spain, this article analyzes the relationship between racist violence against students of African origin and racist ideologies held by students, described as a rhetoric of exclusion. I argue for a more detailed and painstaking characterization of students' ethnic discourses as a means of understanding the diversity of these discourses and their connection to intergroup relations.     

Understanding the mental health needs of secondary school children in Manchester

Background In a time of limited resources and the need for cohesive services, understanding levels of need and prevalence is key. Manchester has a diverse range of cultures and socio-economic groups; national data is valuable but not always representative of local need.Aim To assess the prevalence of mental health needs in secondary school pupils in Manchester.Method Parents and teachers in three secondary schools were invited to complete the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a tool examining unmet needs.Results Initially, 560 pupils were chosen. Having excluded families that opted out, 503 questionnaires were distributed. Teachers returned 200 questionnaires and parents returned 127. Higher than average levels of need were identified with teachers reporting that 18% of pupils scored abnormally on the SDQ. Parent rates were also higher than the national average at 13.4%.Discussion Parents and teachers wanted children to be seen at home and at school, the need for consultation and outreach from mental health into schools is emphasised.     

Inferring the causes of the three waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic in England and Wales

Past influenza pandemics appear to be characterized by multiple waves of incidence, but the mechanisms that account for this phenomenon remain unclear. We propose a simple epidemic model, which incorporates three factors that might contribute to the generation of multiple waves: (i) schools opening and closing, (ii) temperature changes during the outbreak, and (iii) changes in human behaviour in response to the outbreak. We fit this model to the reported influenza mortality during the 1918 pandemic in 334 UK administrative units and estimate the epidemiological parameters. We then use information criteria to evaluate how well these three factors explain the observed patterns of mortality. Our results indicate that all three factors are important but that behavioural responses had the largest effect. The parameter values that produce the best fit are biologically reasonable and yield epidemiological dynamics that match the observed data well.     

A prospective epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of onychomycosis and dermatophytosis in male boarding school residents

Dermatophyte infections and onychomycosis are not usually serious in term of mortality; however, they may have significant clinical consequences such as secondary bacterial infections, chronicity, therapeutic difficulties and esthetic disfigurement in addition to serving as a reservoir of infection. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of onychomycosis and dermatophytosis in a selected high risk group, consisting of male boarding school residents. A total of 410 males inhabiting two houses were evaluated by two dermatologists. In cases of clinical suspicion, appropriate samples were taken for direct microscopy and culture. The results showed that the prevalences of tinea pedis (athletes foot) and pure pedal onychomycosis were 51.5% (n:211) and 4.4% (n:18), respectively. Thirty cases of those with tinea pedis were complicated by toenail onychomycosis. Tinea cruris was present only in five cases with tinea pedis. Interestingly 71.1% of those with tinea pedis and 45.8% of those with onychomycosis, associated with or without tinea pedis were unaware of their diseases. The most common fungal isolate was Trichophyton rubrum (76.6%) followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (11.6%), T. interdigitale (10.55%). Approximately one third of the cultures from nail specimens yielded pure growths of nondermatophyte moulds or Candida albicans. In conclusion, we found unexpectedly high prevalences of occult athletes foot and toenail onychomycosis among the male residents of student houses. Our results indicate that health-care workers of such common boarding-houses should be more aware of clinical and subclinical dermatophyte infections and onychomycosis, and have more active approaches to educational measures and management strategies to prevent further infections. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study on the prevalences of dermatophytosis and onychomycosis in boarding-houses from Turkey.     

哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院

目的：调查哈尔滨市盲校生目前致盲情况及致盲性原因。方法：应用眼科常规方法时99名盲校学生（去除无眼球者共196眼）进行全面检查。时致盲原因进行分析。结果：致盲性眼病中居第一位为先天性白内障手术后仍未脱盲者,未脱盲原因包括：术后严重并发症、手术时机太晚形成严重弱视者,共45眼（占22．96％）;居第二位为视网膜、黄斑变性,共32眼（占16．33％）;居第三位为视神经萎缩,共24眼（占12．25％）。结论：本次对哈尔滨市盲校学生致盲原因调查表明,第一位为先天白内障术后由于合并症及并发症仍未脱盲者;第二位为为视网膜、黄斑变性;第三位为视神经萎缩。提示眼病的早期诊断和得当治疗的重要性。     

Reducing overweight through a multidisciplinary school-based intervention

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary elementary school—based intervention entitled Wellness, Academics & You. The primary areas of impact examined were BMI, consumption of fruits and vegetables, and physical activity. Research Methods and Procedures: The sample consisted of 1013 students in fourth and fifth grades from 69 classes in four states. Intervention and comparison classes were randomly selected at each school. Intervention teachers participated in workshops on the intervention and received program materials. BMI was calculated for baseline and post‐data points based on measured height and weight collected by trained research teams. Baseline surveys were administered by the students’ teacher in the presence of one of the research team members and collected. Results: SPSS (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL) analysis of post‐data shows significant positive shifts (p = 0.01) in BMI in the intervention group compared with the comparison group. Notable increases in the consumption of fruits and vegetables and increased physical activity levels were reported in the intervention group. Discussion: Data from this study indicate that this school‐based program may contribute to the reduction of overweight and obesity. The intervention was well received by the classroom teachers and shows promise for a school‐based obesity prevention initiative. This program has shown the capacity to effect positive changes in BMI through consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity. The evaluation covered a limited time period and, therefore, warrants additional studies to determine whether long‐term program fidelity will result in continued improvement.