全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2853篇 |
免费 | 184篇 |
国内免费 | 87篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 34篇 |
2022年 | 43篇 |
2021年 | 62篇 |
2020年 | 74篇 |
2019年 | 91篇 |
2018年 | 137篇 |
2017年 | 60篇 |
2016年 | 61篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 148篇 |
2013年 | 231篇 |
2012年 | 86篇 |
2011年 | 156篇 |
2010年 | 158篇 |
2009年 | 187篇 |
2008年 | 171篇 |
2007年 | 157篇 |
2006年 | 130篇 |
2005年 | 107篇 |
2004年 | 104篇 |
2003年 | 75篇 |
2002年 | 71篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 42篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 46篇 |
1997年 | 38篇 |
1996年 | 24篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 30篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 24篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 24篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 34篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3124条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
51.
R. Van Potter Theresa Ruh Evanson Debra P. Gayda James A. Gurr 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1984,20(9):723-731
Summary The induction and decay of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by insulin and asparagine in cultures of H4-II-EC3 (H35) hepatoma
cells was studied in a modified Waymouth medium in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and in serum-free media. The insulin
response was enhanced by the presence of asparagine although the effect of asparagine was not so much on the initial increase
as it was on a slowing of the decline after the maximum was reached at 6 to 8 h after the supplements were added together
with fresh medium. In all cases the initial ODC activity was zero at zero time for addition of media and supplements, and,
after reaching the maximum, activity declined to near zero by 24 h. Fetal bovine serum gave induction that followed a similar
time course but was inferior to the combintion, of insulin plus asparagine and, in fact, FBS inhibited the latter response.
Putrescine (the product formed from ornithine by ODC), at 10−5
M, markedly inhibited the induction of ODC by insulin or FBS, but the inhibition was less when asparagine was present.
This work was supported in part by Grants CA-07175, CA-22484, and CA-17334 from the National Cancer Institute. D. P. G. is
a Predoctoral Fellow at the Food Research Institute, supported by a fellowship from the Monsanto Fund and by NIH Grant R01-AI
15693 to Prof. Michael W. Pariza, Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison. 相似文献
52.
R. H. Goodwin G. J. Tompkins P. McCawley 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1978,14(6):485-494
Summary A series of cell lines unique in insect virus susceptibility pattern have been isolated from the ovaries of the gypsy moth
(Lymantria dispar: Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on a synthetic medium with mammalian and avian serum supplementation. Growth curves showed the
poorest growth occurring on peptone-based media with somewhat better growth on amino-acid-based media. The best growth was
obtained with combined media. Serological study distinguished the present cell lines from one another and from cell lines
derived from other insect species grown routinely in the same laboratory. Baculovirus susceptibility among the new lines varied
from no response to a specific complete replication response upon challenge by the homologous (gypsy moth) nuclear polyhedrosis
virus.
This research was funded in part through a reimbursable agreement with the U.S. Forest Service. 相似文献
53.
Hans R. Gislerød 《Plant and Soil》1982,69(3):445-456
Summary The air content in three types of propagation media, Jiffy-7 and Jiffy-9 which are Sphagnum peat and Grodan which is rockwool,
were investigated when they were held at moisture tensions of 0,6 and 12 cm measured from the base of the media. At 0 cm tension
the air content (vol. %) was highest in Jiffy-9 and lowest in Jiffy-7. At 12 cm tension the air content was higher in Grodan
than in Jiffy-9 and Jiffy-7.
Oxygen diffusion coefficients (ODC) and oxygen diffusion rates (ODR) were measured at the different air contents. At air contents
below 20 vol. % ODC was about the same for Jiffy-9 and Grodan but at air contents above 20 vol.% it was larger for Jiffy-9
than for Grodan. The oxygen diffusion rate was measured at 0, 4 and 8 cm moisture tension. At all tensions it was approximately
20% higher in Jiffy-9 than in Grodan and Jiffy-7. The ODR in Jiffy-7 and Grodan were affected equally at the same tension,
although Grodan contained more air.
Report no 253 相似文献
54.
Dynamic light scattering has been used to study the temperature dependence of Ca2+-induced fusion of phosphatidylserine vesicles and mixed vesicles containing phosphatidylserine and different phosphatidylcholines. The final vesicle size after Ca2+ and EDTA incubation serves as a measure of the extent of fusion. With phosphatidylserine vesicles, the extent of fusion shows a sharp maximum at an incubation temperature which depends on the Ca2+ concentration between 0.8 and 2 mM. The shift in the fusion peak temperature with Ca2+ concentration is similar to the typical shift in the phase transition temperature with divalent cation concentration in acidic phospholipids. The results suggest a direct correlation between the fusion peak temperature and the phase transition temperature in the presence of Ca2+ prior to fusion. With mixed vesicles containing up to 33% of a phosphatidylcholine in at least 2 mM Ca2+, the extent of fusion as a function of incubation temperature also shows a maximum. The fusion peak temperature is essentially independent of the quantity and type of phosphatidylcholine and the Ca2+ concentration, and identical to that with pure phosphatidylserine in excess Ca2+. The results imply that Ca2+-induced molecular segregation occurs first, and fusion subsequently takes place between pure phosphatidylserine domains. 相似文献
55.
Paul Nieuwenhuysen Julius Clauwaert 《Journal of biochemical and biophysical methods》1981,5(5):279-286
It is impossible to measure the diffusion coefficient of macromolecules directly and accurately by quasi—elastic light scattering, when aggregates cannot be eliminated from the solutions to be investigated. Nevertheless, a simple method can be applied to overcome this problem in many cases. Aggregates are separated from the monomeric macromolecules by rate-zonal sedimentation in a CsCl density gradient in a transparent centrifugation tube; the monomers are then located by laser light scattering intensity measurements; photon correlation spectroscopy of the scattered light finally yields their diffusion coefficient. The viscosity of aqueous CsCl solutions at different temperatures and concentrations allows a good separation by centrifugation and a low uncertainty in the reduction of the measured diffusion coefficient to standard conditions.The application of the method to eukaryotic large ribosomal subunits is described as an example. 相似文献
56.
Scattering of green light and chlorophyll fluorescence by spinach leaves kept in a stream of air or nitrogen were compared with leaf adenylate levels during illumination with blue, red or far-red light. Energy charge and ATP-ADP ratios exhibited considerable variability in different leaves both in the dark and in the light. Variability is explained by different possible states of the reaction oxidizing triose phosphate or reducing 3-phosphoglycerate. Except when oxygen levels were low, there was an inverse relationship between light scattering and chlorophyll fluorescence during illumination with blue or red light. When CO2 was added to a stream of CO2-free air, chlorophyll fluorescence increased, sometimes after a transient decrease, and both light scattering and leaf ratios decreased. Similar observations were made when air was replaced by nitrogen under blue or high-intensity red light. Under these conditions, over-reduction caused inhibition of electron transport and phosphorylation in chloroplasts. However, when air was replaced by nitrogen during illumination with low-intensity red light or far-red light, light scattering increased instead of decreasing. Under these light conditions, ratios were maintained in the light. They decreased drastically only after darkening. Although ratios responded faster than light scattering or the slow secondary decline of chlorophyll fluorescence due to illumination, it appeared that in the steady state, light scattering and chlorophyll fluorescence are useful indicators of the phosphorylation state of the leaf adenylate system at least under aerobic conditions, when chloroplast and extrachloroplast adenylate systems can effectively communicate. 相似文献
57.
The inorganic formulations of fourteen common plant tissue culture basal media were examined from the primary literature. Inaccuracies and errors were found for molecular formulae, chemical hydrations, and molar equivalences for iron/EDTA complexation. A comparison with published basal medium formulations from six commercial suppliers uncovered additional inaccuracies, modifications, and errors, thereby emphasizing the need for investigators to examine and describe medium formulations precisely in future publications. 相似文献
58.
Shih-fang Fan M. M. Dewey B. Gaylinn B. Chu 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1992,162(6):508-512
Summary In dynamic light scattering, measurements of the intensity-intensity time correlation function from a suspension of rod-like particles of length L could reveal dynamical information related to translational and internal motions of those particles. For a suspension of thick filaments isolated from the myosin-regulated, striated muscles of Limulus at KL>1 (where K is the scattering vector), the average characteristic linewidth (
) increased with the addition of Ca2+ or with the depletion of ATP. The increase in the
with the addition of Ca2+ could be due to the presence of energy-requiring, high-frequency motions of the crossbridges activated by Ca2+. The increase in
which occurred with the depletion of ATP was assumed to be mainly due to the thermal motions of the crossbridges after they had moved radially away from the filament backbone. The percentage increase in
following the addition of Ca2+ was found to be seasonal, i.e., values of
obtained from thick filaments isolated between the middle of June and the middle of September were smaller than those obtained during the rest of the year. The effect of temperature on the percentage increase in
was also different. The increase showed a maximum at about 35°C during the summer and at about 25°C at other times. However, the percentage increase in
developed under ATP-depleted conditions showed no temperature-related maximum. The number of bound Ca2+ per myosin molecule was 1 during the summer and 2 at other times.Abbreviations DLS
dynamic light scattering
- L
length
- K
scattering vector
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
-
average characteristic line width
Deceased 相似文献
59.
The relationship between numbers of Deroceras reticulatum and the establishment of ryegrass cv. Melle and white clover cv. Milkanova was studied on a mini-plot experiment. Assessments 12 and 33 days after sowing showed that Deroceras reticulatum had a proportionally greater impact on survival and growth of clover than on ryegrass. Slugs had no apparent effect on numbers or growth of three species of broad-leaved weeds (Senecio vulgaris, Cardamine hirsuta and Epilobium sp.) which occurred in the field experiment. In pot experiments where seedlings of ryegrass together with one of three clover cultivars, with or without chickweed (Stellaria media), were exposed to Deroceras reticulatum, seedlings of white clover cv. Aran were less affected by slug grazing than cvs S184 or Milkanova. The presence of different clover cultivars did not significantly influence the impact of slugs on growth of ryegrass or chickweed, nor did the presence or absence of chickweed influence the effect of slugs on ryegrass and clover seedlings. Slugs had less impact on the growth of chickweed than on ryegrass or clover. Thus slug grazing would make clover less able to compete with chickweed as well as the other weeds found in the mini-plot experiment. 相似文献
60.
Hybridomas lend themselves particularly well to large scale cultivation techniques since they grow as single cells in suspension without requiring attachment to a substrate. Furthermore, many cell strains have been adapted to grow in serum-free (SF) media to a similar cell density and antibody production as in serum containing media. This review will concern itself mainly with the cultivation of hybridomas in SF-media in bioreactors of various types with the ultimate goal of producing large quantities of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). 相似文献