开放条件下烟管菌XX-2对孔雀石绿染料的高效降解

[目的]评价白腐真菌Bjerkandera adusta XX-2处理孔雀石绿染料废水的能力,为其在染料废水中的应用提供参考依据.[方法]采用批次实验在开放条件下研究通气、pH、温度、染料初始浓度、培养时间、碳源、氮源、金属离子、盐度等因子对该菌降解孔雀石绿的影响.同时利用植物萌发、微生物抑菌和水生动物致死实验对降解产物进行毒性测试.[结果]B.adusta XX-2菌株在开放的非灭菌条件下也能高效降解孔雀石绿.例如,在初始浓度为120 mg/L且以孔雀石绿为唯一营养源的条件下降解率也能达到60％.静置培养和摇动培养呈现出几乎相同的降解率,这可以为技术应用节约动力成本.最适降解pH与温度分别为7.0和25℃.在上述参数体系的优化基础上,分别进行了碳源、氮源与金属离子的添加优化实验,结果显示低浓度的碳源(如柠檬酸钠)、氮源(如氯化铵)和金属离子(如Zn2+)均可大大提高B.adusta XX-2对孔雀石绿的脱色效率.同时B.adusta XX-2的降解也能在很高的盐浓度下进行.毒性测试表明降解后的染料对植物、微生物、水生生物的毒性大大减少.[结论]B.adusta XX-2菌株在处理染料废水方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

关于卫生管理专业研究生创新性复试的实证研究

20世纪80年代中期,A医科大学对卫生管理专业研究生考生的复试进行了创新性设计,体现了公开、公平、公正性。从国家考试各科成绩均及格的19名考生中,选取头7名进行复试。复试内容为主考与考生交谈、英语听力、主题演讲、智商和性格测定,分别赋予权重(0.4、0.15、0.45、0)。考生总成绩为国家统考成绩占60%,复试成绩占40%。7名复试考生按总成绩排序,取前5名。5名研究生基础课、专业课都成绩优良,较好地完成了学历课程教育;很好地完成了国家卫生部和A省的课题研究,顺利通过学位论文答辩,并被授予硕士学位,有2位研究生的研究课题获得省部级科技二等奖。5名研究生毕业20余年,在事业上都有很大发展。     

树[鼠句]正常肠道细菌的培养分离鉴定及其药敏试验研究

目的了解人工饲养树[鼠句]肠道菌群感染情况及其各种细菌对药物的敏感性。方法通过肠道细菌采样、培养、分离和菌落生长特性观察,并经革兰氏染色、氧化酶试验、触酶试验、生化编码鉴定管试验和9种药敏试验分析,初步鉴定了107例人工饲养树[鼠句]肠道感染细菌的种类和这些细菌对药物的敏感程度。结果本次细菌培养共从树[鼠句]肠道中培养分离出5株细菌,其中革兰氏阳性菌2株,革兰氏阴性菌3株,以大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌最为多见。同时确定了菌株的药敏情况为：（1）大肠杆菌对头孢类药头孢哌酮最为敏感,对药物磺胺甲嚼唑／甲氧苄定、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因、诺氟沙星、氨苄西林高敏;（2）沙门氏菌对阿米卡星最为敏感,对药物头孢哌酮青霉素G高敏;（3）链球菌对试验药物氨苄西林、头孢哌酮、呋喃妥因显示为中敏;（4）葡萄球菌对头孢类药头孢哌酮、磺胺类磺胺甲晤唑／甲氧苄定、沙星类诺氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因和氨苄西林最为敏感,对其它药物均为中敏;（5）假单胞菌对药物左氧氟沙星最为敏感,对大多数药物都显示高敏。结论大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌可能是树鼢肠道中正常寄生的主要菌群,同时其它菌群也有寄生。用药敏实验筛选出的药物可为临床用药和动物的生物净化提供指导依据。     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒血清抗体半微量空斑抑制法的改进

本文报道一种检测流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)中和抗体的简化空斑抑制试验方法,用BHK21传代细胞在24孔塑料板上进行试验,在细胞未形成单层时,将病毒直接接种在刚消化的细胞悬液内,孵育后加甲基纤维素复盖物,再培养,细胞层经染色后即可计算空斑数。 用该法检查47名儿童乙脑疫苗免疫前后的中和抗体,与常规的鸡胚细胞全量法或BHK21传代细胞微量中和试验法作了比较,结果表明本法与其它常规法的敏感性一致,且具有简便快速、节省人力和原材料、空斑形成率高的优点,便于大量血清学检测。     

东北虎微卫星DNA遗传标记的筛选及在亲子鉴定中的应用

利用18个家猫微卫星基因座，在东北虎(Panthera tigris sibilia)DNA中扩增结果有4个基因座没有产物，8个基因座为单态，6个基因座为多态性。同时利用苏门答腊虎的微卫星序列设计了8对引物，在东北虎DNA中有4对具有多态性。微卫星基因座的多态性百分率为38．5％。在供试的27只东北虎中，发现等位基因间的变异均为偶数碱基长度变化，对有准确谱系记录的个体研究表明，这10个微卫星DNA遗传标记符合孟德尔遗传规律，所以这些微卫星DNA可以有效的应用于东北虎的亲子鉴定。利用这10对多态性引物，我们成功地鉴定了7个父子关系不清的后代。收集的样品包括23只毛发样品和4只血液样品，实验结果表明，毛发和血液样品均可以得到清晰的微卫星条带[动物学报49(1)：118—123．2003]。     

Antidepressant-like effect of a Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) in the mouse forced swimming test: role of oxidative stress

EGb761 is a well-defined mixture of active compounds extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves. This extract is used clinically due to its neuroprotective effects, exerted probably via its potent antioxidant or free radical scavenger action. Previous studies suggest that oxidative stress, via free radical production, may play an important role in depression and animal models for depression-like behavior. Preclinical studies have suggested that antioxidants may have antidepressants properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidepressant-like of EGb761 due to its antioxidant role against oxidative stress induced in the forced swimming test, the most widely used preclinical model for assessing antidepressant-like behavior. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with EGb761 (10 mg/kg, ip) daily for 17 days followed by the forced swimming test and spontaneous locomotor activity. Animals were sacrificed to evaluate lipid peroxidation, different antioxidant enzyme activities, serotonin and dopamine content in midbrain, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. EGb761 significantly decreased the immobility time (39%) in the forced swimming test. This antidepressant-like effect of EGb761 was associated with a reduction in lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical production (indicated by a downregulation of Mn-superoxide dismutase activity), both of which are indicators of oxidative stress. The protective effect of EGb761 is not related to excitatory or inhibitory effects in locomotor activity, and was also associated with the modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission. It is suggested that EGb761 produces an antidepressant-like effect, and that an antioxidant effect against oxidative stress may be partly responsible for its observed neuroprotective effects.     

乳链球菌SB900胞壁肽聚糖的部分生物学活性

对乳链球菌（Streptococcuslactis）SB900胞壁肽聚糖（简称为LABPG）进行了分离纯化及化学成分分析,并测定了其部分生物学活性．结果表明,LABPG蛋白质含量为9．84％,NAG0．871μmol／mg,NAM1．14μmol／mg;氨基酸分析结果表明,Ala、Glu、Asp含量较高,分别为1．046、0．775、0．304μmol／mg。以小鼠为实验材料进行动物学实验,对LABPG的生物学活性测定结果表明,LANPG无毒、安全可靠;腹腔注射LABPG后,PMΦ数目增多,吞噬功能明显增强,血清溶菌酶活性增强;YC-花环实验表明,腹腔注射LABPG的小鼠PMΦ表面C3b受体活性增强,YC-花环形成率较高,统计学分析有显著差别。说明LABPG对于MΦ有一定的激活作用,可作为机体的免疫激活剂。     

Immunochromatographic assay for the detection of pseudojujubogenin glycosides

INTRODUCTION: Bacopa monnieri contains pseudojujubogenin glycosides as pharmacologically active compounds. In order to screen large numbers of plant samples for the presence of pseudojujubogenin glycosides, a rapid and simple assay system is required for application to small quantities of test materials. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies could be useful for the determination of small quantities of pseudojujubogenin glycosides in plant extracts. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to develop a simple method for the detection of pseudojujubogenin glycosides by the immunochromatographic strip test using anti-bacopaside I monoclonal antibody. METHODOLOGY: The qualitative assay was based on a competitive immunoassay in which the detector reagent consisted of a colloidal gold particle coated with the respective anti-bacopaside I MAb. The capture reagent was a bacopaside I-human serum albumin conjugate immobilised onto a test strip membrane. RESULTS: The sample containing pseudojujubogenin glycosides and the detection reagent were incubated with the immobilised capture reagent. The glycosides in the sample competed in binding to the limited amount of antibodies in the detection reagent with the immobilised bacopaside I-HSA conjugates and, hence, positive samples showed no colour in the capture spot zone. The detection limit for the strip test was 125 ng/mL. CONCLUSION: The assay system was found to be useful as a rapid and simple screening method for the detection of pseudojujubogenin glycosides in plants.