Acute myocardial infarction: Circadian, weekly, and seasonal patterns of occurrence

Convincing evidence has demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases do not occur randomly throughout the day, the week, or the year but show a well defined temporal organization. This article will review circadian, weekly, and seasonal patterns of occurrence of acute myocardial infarction, along with their underlying pathophysiological triggering factors.     

Factors influencing adult emergence from soil and the vertical distribution of burrowing scarab beetles Dasylepida ishigakiensis

The present study investigates the emergence of adult white grub beetles Dasylepida ishigakiensis Niijima et Kinoshita (Coleoptera: Scrabaeidae) from soil as well as their burrowing behaviours. ‘Standby behaviour’ (i.e. adults come to the soil surface where they expose their heads) is shown in the field and, along with emergence behaviour, is entrained by LD photocycles. These 24‐h rhythms persist after transfer to continuous light conditions for 2 days. By contrast, beetles transferred from LD photocycles to continuous dark conditions fail to show standby behaviour; thus, it appears to be manifested only in the presence of illumination. Under dark conditions, beetles emerge completely from the soil directly at the time when standby behaviour is otherwise expected to occur. Emerged adults then burrow back into the soil before dawn. Virgin and mated males, as well as virgin females, which are expected to emerge from the soil for mating on later evenings, burrow to a relatively shallow depth (<2 cm), whereas mated females burrow deeper (2–10 cm). Soil properties such as moisture, grain size, topography and temperature influence the burrowing behaviour and the depths that the beetles reach.     

白头鹤孵卵后期的行为节律观察

作者于2003~2004年连续2年的4月末至5月初在黑龙江大沾河湿地自然保护区,对3对野生白头鹤(Grus monacha)的孵卵过程进行了定点观察,结果表明,白头鹤的卧巢行为(t=-4.92,P=0.00)和护巢行为(t=3.09,P=0.007)在雌、雄个体间存在极显著差异;不同孵卵阶段的卧巢行为(t=2.95,P<0.01)、护巢行为(t=4.29,P<0.01)和育雏行为(t=-6.79,P<0.01)表现出不同的节律性。天气状况是影响白头鹤孵卵期各行为的重要因素,晴天时的凉卵行为(t=1.55,P<0.01)和育雏行为(t=4.06,P>0.01)时间明显多于阴雨天。对雌、雄个体行为同时进行观察的结果表明,雌(雄)鹤卧巢行为的时间与雄(雌)鹤护巢行为的时间呈显著正相关(相关系数分别为R=0.94和R=0.86)。     

A locus for circadian period of locomotor activity on mouse proximal chromosome 3

Lengthened circadian period of locomotor activity is a characteristic of a congenic strain of mice carrying a nonsense mutation in exon 5 of the carbonic anhydrase II gene, car2. The null mutation in car2 is located on a DBA/2J inbred strain insert on proximal chromosome 3, on an otherwise C57BL/6J genomic background. Since reducing the size of the congenic region would narrow the possible candidate genes for period, two recombinant congenic strains (R1 and R2) were developed from the original congenic strain. These new congenic strains were assessed for period, genetic composition, and the presence of immunoreactive carbonic anhydrase II. R1 mice were homozygous DBA/2J for the distal portion of the original DBA/2J insert, while R2 mice were homozygous DBA/2J for the proximal portion. R1 mice had a significantly lengthened period compared to R2 mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice, indicating that the gene(s) affecting period is likely found within the reduced DBA/2J insert (~1 cM) in the R1 mice. The R1 mice also possessed the null mutation in car2. This study confirmed the presence of a gene(s) affecting period on proximal chromosome 3 and significantly reduced the size of the congenic region and the number of candidate genes. Future studies will focus on identifying the gene influencing period.     

大叶醉鱼草访花昆虫行为与活动规律

于2009年4～9月对云南农业大学苗圃内栽植的大叶醉鱼草访花昆虫进行观察。结果表明,大叶醉鱼草的访花昆虫有63种,隶属双翅目、半翅目、膜翅目、鳞翅目、鞘翅目、革翅目和螳螂目;食蚜蝇科为大叶醉鱼草种群的主要传粉昆虫;不同月份访花昆虫的种类不同;天气变化会影响访花昆虫的种类和数量;同一天内不同时间,访花昆虫的访花频率有差异,一般每天12:00～16:00的访花频率最高。     

大猿叶虫滞育品系和非滞育品系交配行为的比较

大猿叶虫Colaphellus bowringi Blay是一种重要的十字花科蔬菜害虫,以成虫越冬和越夏。明确大猿叶虫非滞育品系生殖力下降的现象是否与交配行为的改变相关,将促进该非滞育品系在滞育遗传、滞育调控分子机制研究中的应用。本研究在25℃和L∶D=12∶12 h条件下,测定了大猿叶虫滞育品系和非滞育品系的交配节律、交配持续时间和交配频次。结果表明,大猿叶虫滞育品系和非滞育品系交配高峰均出现在光期开始后2 h,非滞育品系的交配比率显著低于滞育品系。滞育品系和非滞育品系第1次交配持续时间无显著差异,分别为122.7±7.4 min和100.1±10.2 min;但非滞育品系的总交配持续时间显著低于滞育品系。非滞育品系的交配频次为2.2±0.3次,显著低于滞育品系的3.8±0.5次。滞育品系和非滞育品系交配行为的比较发现,大猿叶虫非滞育品系生殖力降低与其交配比率下降、交配持续时间缩短和交配频次减少显著相关,本研究为进一步利用非滞育品系为材料解析滞育遗传、滞育调控机制奠定了基础。     

根田鼠肾上腺皮质酮水平的日节律及急性低氧的影响

根田鼠肾上腺皮质酮水平的日节律及急性低氧的影响ＴＨＥＣＩＲＣＡＤＩＡＮＲＨＹＴＨＭＯＦＣＯＲＴＩＣＯＳＴＥＲＯＮＥＬＥＶＥＬＡＮＤＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＨＹＰＯＸＩＡＯＮＲＯＯＴＶＯＬＥ（ＭＩＣＲＯＴＵＳＯＥＣＯＮＯＭＵＳ）根田鼠（Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｕｓｏｅｃ...