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Source water used by plants of several species in a semi-evergreen lowland tropical forest on Barro Colorado Island, Panama, was assessed by comparing the relative abundance of deuterium, D, versus hydrogen, H (stable hydrogen isotope composition, D) in xylem sap and in soil water at different depths, during the dry season of 1992. Ecological correlates of source water were examined by comparing xylem water D values with leaf phenology, leaf water status determined with a pressure chamber, and rates of water use determined as mass flow of sap using the stem heat balance method. Soil water D values decreased sharply to 30 cm, then remained relatively constant with increasing depth. Average D values were-13, for 0–30 cm depth and-36.7 for 30–100 cm depth. Soil water D values were negatively associated with soil water content and soil water potential. Concurrent analyses of xylem water revealed a high degree of partitioning of water resources among species of this tropical forest. Xylem water D of deciduous trees (average=-25.3±1.4) was higher than that of evergreen trees (average=-36.3±3.5), indicating that evergreen species had access to the more abundant soil water at greater depth than deciduous species. In evergreen shade-tolerant and high-light requiring shrubs and small trees, D of xylem water was negatively correlated with transpiration rate and leaf water potential indicating that species using deeper, more abundant water resources had both higher rates of water use and more favorable leaf water status. 相似文献
44.
Ontogenetic diet shifts and diet overlap among three closely related neotropical armoured catfishes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J. H. Mol 《Journal of fish biology》1995,47(5):788-807
Analysis of stomach contents of larvae, juveniles and adults of three closely related armoured catfishes in coastal plain swamps of Suriname, South America, revealed major ontogenetic diet shifts. Larvae of Hoplosternum littorale, H. thoracatum and Callichthys callichthys showed a restricted diet of rotifers and microcrustacea. Diets of juveniles and adults were more diverse, but large volumes of microcrustacea, aquatic insect larvae and detritus were always present. In all three species diet overlap was especially low between larvae and adults. The proportion of detritus in the stomach was positively related to fish size, which probably reflected the inability of larger size classes to separate effectively benthic invertebrate prey from bottom substrata, and not a specialization towards detritivory. Adults showed only minor seasonality in diet composition, and no effect of season on diet breadth. Interspecific diet overlap among larvae, juveniles and adults did not differ significantly from 1 (complete overlap). Lack of food partitioning was probably related to a similar morphology of the three catfishes. Intraspecific between-size class diet overlap was considerably lower than interspecific within-size class overlap. It is suggested that large interspecific diet overlap occurred because food was not limiting the populations of these catfish. However, the nest habitats of the three species differed. 相似文献
45.
Martin Burd 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1995,49(1):100-109
The modular morphology of plants has important consequences for reproductive strategies. Ovules are packaged in discrete structures (flowers) that usually vary stochastically in pollen capture and ovule fertilization, because of the vagaries of pollen transfer by external agents. Different ovule packaging schemes may use limited reproductive resources more or less effectively, so that some number of ovules per flower may be optimal, given the prevailing probabilities of ovule fertilization. I derive a phenotypic model for ovule number per flower that maximizes the expected total ovule fertilizations on a plant when pollination and fertilization vary randomly among individual flowers. This model predicts that, except for small or inexpensive flowers, ovules should be “oversupplied” relative to the mean receipt of pollen tubes, so that pollen limitation of seed set should be common. Published data are congruent with this prediction. Additional hypotheses on the relation of ovule packaging to floral cost, plant size, and variance in pollen receipt are suggested by the model, but few data exist to evaluate these hypotheses. 相似文献
46.
Branchinecta sandiegonensis (Crustacea: Anostraca) is a narrow range endemic fairy shrimp discontinuously distributed in ephemeral
pools on coastal mesas in San Diego County, USA. Ten populations across the range of the species were subjected to allozyme
analysis for eleven loci. The species exhibits low variability (P95 =9.1–45.5) and one third of the loci tested did not conform to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations. The species also
exhibited a high degree of genetic differentiation between populations. F
ST values (fixation index) for most pairs of populations were above 0.25 (0.036–0.889).Low genetic variability and high genetic
structure may result from low gene flow and founder effects due to habitat fragmentation and the lack of potential vectors
for cyst dispersal. The unpredictable rainfall of the region also creates potential for variable population sizes which could
affect structure and variability.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
47.
Conserving biological diversity requires a major effort in conducting survey and inventories, establishing priorities, selecting protected areas, managing resources and monitoring the effects of management. Systematics has an important contribution to make to each of these five major activities. Further, the new Convention on Biological Diversity requires systematics information to support action under virtually all of its substantive conservation and sustainable use articles. It seems apparent that large reference collections contribute directly to development, and development assistance agencies should recognize that investing in maintaining these collections is a legitimate form of development assistance. 相似文献
48.
高原鼠兔与达乌尔鼠兔食物资源维生态位的研究 总被引:19,自引:5,他引:14
作者于1993年在青海省刚察县年诺索玛地区发现高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)和达乌尔鼠兔(0.daurica)在布哈河谷二阶同域且重叠分布之现象,并从这两种鼠兔的食物资源利用出发,研究了其生态位关系问题。在食物资源维上的生态位宽度(PS),高原鼠兔为0.4744,达乌尔鼠兔为0.4964,即它们具有相近似的生态位宽度。这两种动物的生态位在食物资源谱维上的重叠值(FT)为0.809 相似文献
49.
Size-related selection of food plants by bumblebees 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract. 1. A positive correlation between the tongue length of conspecific workers collecting nectar from seven plant species and the corolla length of the flowers probed was found for B.lapidarius and B.pascuomm but not B.terrestris . No simple relationship was found between the volume, sugar weight or concentration of nectar in flowers and the tongue or wing length of probing bees.
2. B.terrestris workers collecting pollen from four plant species producing pollen only, were found to differ in size according to the type of pollen presentation mechanism and the pollen content per flower. Body size variation was also related to the foraging of pollen plus nectar from two other plant species. 相似文献
2. B.terrestris workers collecting pollen from four plant species producing pollen only, were found to differ in size according to the type of pollen presentation mechanism and the pollen content per flower. Body size variation was also related to the foraging of pollen plus nectar from two other plant species. 相似文献
50.
14C-amino acids were supplied to Platymonas subcordiformis (Wille) Hazen and the incorporation of radioactivity into protein and other compounds was followed. Alanine was rapidly metabolized by both N-limited and N-sufficient cells. Arginine and lysine were metabolized rapidly by N-limited cells, but were sequestered from metabolism in N-sufficient cells. This suggests the existence of two functionally distinct pools; a “metabolic” pool that is rapidly metabolized and preferentially used for incorporation into protein, and a “storage” pool rich in basic amino acids that is sequestered from metabolism. 相似文献