全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2940篇 |
免费 | 347篇 |
国内免费 | 304篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 72篇 |
2022年 | 76篇 |
2021年 | 114篇 |
2020年 | 147篇 |
2019年 | 173篇 |
2018年 | 138篇 |
2017年 | 123篇 |
2016年 | 139篇 |
2015年 | 147篇 |
2014年 | 146篇 |
2013年 | 177篇 |
2012年 | 142篇 |
2011年 | 159篇 |
2010年 | 137篇 |
2009年 | 136篇 |
2008年 | 131篇 |
2007年 | 181篇 |
2006年 | 167篇 |
2005年 | 140篇 |
2004年 | 121篇 |
2003年 | 104篇 |
2002年 | 99篇 |
2001年 | 85篇 |
2000年 | 60篇 |
1999年 | 65篇 |
1998年 | 62篇 |
1997年 | 42篇 |
1996年 | 41篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 29篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3591条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
82.
对安徽省实验猕猴中心的安徽恒河猴进行了微生物(包括病毒和病原菌)和寄生虫检测。对恒河猴的病毒检测结果发现,猕猴疱疹病毒1型(BV)和猴痘病毒(SPV)抗体的阳性率分别为20.7%(6/29)和10.0%(2/20),20只恒河猴中没有发现猴反转录D型病毒(SRV)、猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)和猴T细胞趋向性病毒Ⅰ型(STLV—1)的抗体。5只受检的人工繁育的安徽恒河猴没有感染沙门菌、皮肤病原真菌、志贺菌和结核分枝杆菌的这四种病原菌。肉眼检测恒河猴体表,未发现体外寄生虫。39份人工繁殖的恒河猴粪便样品的总寄生虫感染率为38.5%,检测到溶组织内阿米巴和5种蠕虫(粪类圆线虫、猴结节线虫、绦虫、钩虫、蛔虫),感染率最高的是粪类圆线虫和猴结节线虫。本次调查表明,安徽恒河猴无特殊疾病,健康状况基本良好,可以建立普通级的实验恒河猴,实现安徽恒河猴的实验动物化。 相似文献
83.
人工湿地在生态城市建设中的作用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
生态城市的建设依赖于科学利用有限资源。随着我国城市化进程加快,水体污染日益严重,加剧了水资源的短缺。人工湿地是利用生物自净功能,低投入、低运行费、低能耗的环保型的污水处理技术。不仅可进行水资源的循环利用,而且美化环境、保护生物多样性。本文分析提出,人工湿地是生态城市建设中水资源利用的最有效模式,应大力发挥人工湿地在我国生态城市建设中的作用。 相似文献
84.
Toward an Overall Analytical Framework for the Integrated Sustainability Assessment of the Production and Supply of Raw Materials and Primary Energy Carriers
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of Industrial Ecology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Jo Dewulf Lucia Mancini Gian Andrea Blengini Serenella Sala Cynthia Latunussa David Pennington 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2015,19(6):963-977
The sustainable production and supply of raw materials (“nonenergy raw materials”) and primary energy carriers (“energy raw materials”) is a core element of many policies. The natural resource base for their production and supply, and the access thereto, are limited. Moreover, raw material supply is high on environmental and social impact agendas as well. A broad, quantitative framework that supports decision makers is recommended so as to make use of raw materials and primary energy carriers more sustainably. First, this article proposes a holistic classification of raw materials and primary energy carriers. This is an essential prerequisite for developing an integrated sustainability assessment framework (ISAF). Indeed, frequently, only a subset of raw materials and primary energy carriers are considered in terms of their source, sector, or final application. Here, 85 raw materials and 30 primary energy carriers overall are identified and grouped into seven and five subgroups, respectively. Next, this article proposes a quantitative ISAF for the production and supply of raw materials and primary energy carriers, covering all the sustainability pillars. With the goal of comprehensiveness, the proposed ISAF integrates sustainability issues that have been covered and modeled in quite different quantitative frameworks: ecosystem services; classical life cycle assessment (LCA); social LCA; resource criticality assessment; and particular international concerns (e.g., conflict minerals assessment). The resulting four areas of concerns (i.e., environmental, technical, economic, and social/societal) are grouped into ten specific sustainability concerns. Finally, these concerns are quantified through 15 indicators, enabling the quantitative sustainability assessment of the production and supply of raw materials and primary energy carriers. 相似文献
85.
86.
民族植物学定量研究中的取样方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
定量方法在民族植物学研究中越来越占有重要的地住,但民族植物学定量研究中有关取样方面还存在着一些不同的看法。笔者针对云南省金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县的拉祜族民间草医所使用的药用植物资源和草医对不同生境中药用植物的利用情况进行了取样,并以此对民族植物学中有关取样中存在的问题进行了讨论。结果表明不同生境中民族植物学的取样面积与植物生态学中的取样面积比较相近。所以在进行民族植物学野外取样时,司以针对具体的生境和植被特点来借用植物生态学中对该类生境或植被所采用的最小取样面积。 相似文献
87.
88.
西部高寒湿地系统的草地资源保护与优化利用模式研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
西部高寒湿地系统的草地资源保护与优化利用问题,是我国生态环境建设中倍受重视的科学问题。本研究以甘南的高寒湿地为研究对象,分析了高寒草地资源变化的时空分布特征及其在环境条件影响下的增长动态,采用生物控制论方法,组建了草地资源保护模型及草地放牧系统的最优控制模型。依据在甘南玛曲县高寒草地的调查结果,分别对其山地草原化草甸、山地典型草甸和沼泽草甸等草地资源的利用,建立了相应的保护指标。确定了该草地放牧系统的最优牧草资源水平和最优控制量,提出了草地资源优化利用的管理对策与措施,为草地放牧管理提供了优化模式和定量依据。 相似文献
89.
Heming Wang Seiji Hashimoto Qiang Yue Yuichi Moriguchi Zhongwu Lu 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2013,17(4):618-629
We examine decoupling conditions of domestic extraction of materials, energy use, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from gross domestic product (GDP) for two BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries (i.e., China and Russia) and two Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries (Japan and the United States) during 2000–2007, using a pair of decoupling indicators for resource use (Dr) and waste emissions (De) and the decoupling chart, which can distinguish between absolute decoupling, relative decoupling, and non‐decoupling. We find that (1) during 2000–2007, decoupling between environmental indicators and GDP was higher in the two OECD countries as compared with the two BRIC countries. The key reason is that these countries were in different development stages with different economic growth rates. (2) Changes in environmental policies can significantly influence the degree of decoupling in a country. (3) China, Japan, and the United States were more successful in decoupling SO2 emissions from GDP than in decoupling material and energy use from GDP. The main reason is that, unlike resource use, waste emissions (e.g., SO2 emissions) can be reduced by effective end‐of‐pipe treatment. (4) The decoupling indicator is different from the changing rate of resource use and waste emissions. If two countries have different GDP growth rates, even though they may have similar values using the decoupling indicator, they may show different rates of change for resource use and waste emissions. 相似文献
90.
John Gallagher Biswajit Basu Maria Browne Alan Kenna Sarah McCormack Francesco Pilla David Styles 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2019,23(1):133-140
Renewable energy (RE) technologies are looked upon favorably to provide for future energy demands and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the installation of these technologies requires large quantities of finite material resources. We apply life cycle assessment to 100 years of electricity generation from three stand‐alone RE technologies—solar photovoltaics, run‐of‐river hydro, and wind—to evaluate environmental burden profiles against baseline electricity generation from fossil fuels. We then devised scenarios to incorporate circular economy (CE) improvements targeting hotspots in systems’ life cycle, specifically (1) improved recycling rates for raw materials and (ii) the application of eco‐design. Hydro presented the lowest environmental burdens per kilowatt‐hour of electricity generation compared with other RE technologies, owing to its higher efficiency and longer life spans for main components. Distinct results were observed in the environmental performance of each system based on the consideration of improved recycling rates and eco‐design. CE measures produced similar modest savings in already low GHG emissions burdens for each technology, while eco‐design specifically had the potential to provide significant savings in abiotic resource depletion. Further research to explore the full potential of CE measures for RE technologies will curtail the resource intensity of RE technologies required to mitigate climate change. 相似文献