A flyway perspective on food resource abundance in a long-distance migrant, the Eurasian teal (Anas crecca)

Two frequent assumptions about the evolution of long-distance migration in birds are that they travel long distances annually to reach food-rich areas for breeding, and that they time their migratory journey to be at staging sites when the latter provide the best feeding conditions. These assumptions have rarely been properly tested, and there is no study in which a species’ major food types have been measured by standardized methods throughout a flyway and over a large part of the year. We here present such data for Eurasian teal (Anas crecca), converted to a common energetic currency, and collected at wintering, spring staging and breeding sites. Teal did not time migration to maximize local food abundance; most birds left wintering and spring staging sites before a sharp increase in invertebrate food abundance occurred. On the other hand, hatching of ducklings coincided with a peak in invertebrate food abundance on boreal breeding lakes. Mean overall food abundance (invertebrates and seeds combined) did not differ between wintering sites in southern France and breeding sites in northern Sweden at the time of breeding. Our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that long-distance migration in dabbling ducks has evolved because adult birds gain an immediate pay-off in increased food abundance by flying north in spring. However, our data confirm a selective advantage for breeding at higher latitudes, because hatching of ducklings may coincide with a peak in invertebrate emergence and because longer days may increase the duration of efficient foraging.     

鼎突多刺蚁(Polyrhachis vicina Roger)蚁群的采收与恢复效应

通过对鼎突多刺蚁（Polyrhachis vicina Roger)野生资源的不同采收技术试验,研究采收季节,采收方式、采收强度和人为增加食物源的措施对蚁群恢复程度的影响,结果表明,夏季为最佳采收季节;以采收副巢为主,适当保留主巢有利于蚁群的恢复;在采收中以野生蚁群的25%-35%采收强度采集为宜;人为地在蚂蚁资源较为丰富的山地种植一些能产蜜露昆虫的经济作物,既为蚁群的快速恢复提供了食物保证,也增加额外的经济收入。     

黑龙江省林区药用植物资源及其区划

黑龙江省森林面积为1,5771百万公顷,占全省总面积的34.7%。全国森林总面积的12.5%。黑龙江省森林具有丰富的药用植物资源,研究表明,共有药用植物724种,分别隶属于110科,410属,其中商品药植物352种,分别隶属于91科,250属,根据地域分异规律。结合全省气候,土壤,地形,地貌,植被及药用植物生态分布特点,自然植被,植物区系与药用植物生态分布的相关性,将全省森林药用植物资源进行了综合区划,全省共分为2个区,即大,小兴安岭药用植物区和张广才岭药用植物区,进行全省森林药用植物资源区划,对于合理保护和利用林区药用植物资源,发展林区经济具有重要现实意义。     

重庆地区野生百合资源调查与评价

对重庆地区的野生百合资源进行了调查,共记录到野生百合资源17种(含变种);分析了野生百合资源在重庆地区的分布特征和资源现状;初步评估了重庆地区野生百合资源受威胁情况及其综合价值,并提出保护和利用建议。     

科尔沁沙地东部农牧交错带土地承载力研究--以科尔沁左翼后旗为例

科尔沁左翼后旗位于科尔沁沙地东部农牧交错带,生态环境复杂、脆弱,资源、人口和环境的协调发展至关重要,其土地承载力状况是协调三者关系的重要依据。本文应用系统动力学原理,以1995年为起始年份建立了系统动力学模型(SD模型),包括人口、土地资源、种植业、林业、畜牧业、渔业和消费等7个子系统。选择3种人口增长速度和3种营养水平组成9种方案,通过模型的运行预测了科左后旗未来50年人口的动态变化和最大土地资源承载力,并对1995—2000年实际的人口发展状况和生态状况进行了讨论。研究显示,科左后旗土地承载力46．7l—74．5l万人,不同的方案达到最大承载力的时间不同,指出控制人口增长是实现经济环境协调发展的必要条件,科左后旗的实际人口增长控制较好,现有的环境问题是不合理的开发活动造成的。     

因子分析和聚类分析在玉米品种资源分类上的应用

本研究对201份湖北省玉米品种资源的28个性状进行了因子分析,结果前7个公因子对变异的累计方差贡献率达79.4％,前7个独立的公因子真实地反了所控制的28个性状及其相互关系．以前7个公因子为综合指标进行系统聚类,201份玉米品种聚成12类,其中A,B,H,K类综合性状较好．     

An Australian Multi‐Regional Waste Supply‐Use Framework

The production of waste creates both direct and indirect environmental impacts. A range of strategies are available to reduce the generation of waste by industry and households, and to select waste treatment approaches that minimize environmental harm. However, evaluating these strategies requires reliable and detailed data on waste production and treatment. Unfortunately, published Australian waste data are typically highly aggregated, published by a variety of entities in different formats, and do not form a complete time‐series. We demonstrate a technique for constructing a multi‐regional waste supply‐use (MRWSU) framework for Australia using information from numerous waste data sources. This is the first MRWSU framework to be constructed (to the authors' knowledge) and the first sub‐national waste input‐output framework to be constructed for Australia. We construct the framework using the Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab), a cloud‐hosted computational platform for building Australian multi‐regional input‐output tables. The structure of the framework complies with the System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA). We demonstrate the use of the MRWSU framework by calculating waste footprints that enumerate the full supply chain waste production for Australian consumers.     

稻飞虱卵寄生蜂——缨小蜂资源生态位的研究

本通过稻飞虱卵寄生蜂——缨小蜂资源生态位的田间调查,测定3种主要缨小蜂(稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus mllaparvalat,长管稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus longllubulosus,拟稻虱缨小蜂Anagrus paranllaparvalac)的生态位宽度,生态位重叠和生态位相似性比例。在生态位测定的基础上,按生态位的理论观点,充分调动了稻飞虱缨小蜂保护问题。     

山东近海生态资本价值评估——近海生物资源现存量价值

海洋生态资本是沿海地区社会经济活动的重要生产要素,海洋生物资源是海洋生态资本的关键构成要素之一。采用《海洋生态资本评估技术导则》中的方法,评估了山东近海生物资源现存量价值。结果表明,2006年山东近海生物资源现存量为100.20万吨,价值184.45亿元。生物资源以鱼类资源为主,资源量为76.50万吨,价值约131.73亿元,占全省近海生物资源总价值的71.4%;甲壳类资源量为13.98万吨,价值38.88亿元,占总价值的21.1%;头足类资源量为3.52万吨,价值4.47亿元,占总价值的2.4%;其他类海蜇资源量为6.46万吨,价值9.37亿元,占总价值的5.1%。全省近海生物资源现存量价值平均为58.4万元/km²。山东近海生物资源存量价值与近海供给服务价值、气候调节服务价值和物种多样性维持服务价值之间表现出互相促进的关系。本研究结果有助于提高人们对海洋生物资源重要性的认识,为海洋生物资源的可持续利用提供决策依据。