实验动物建筑设施节能技术探讨

实验动物建筑设施的节能方案设计是制约设施建立与正常运行管理的关键因素。良好的节能措施包括优化屏障环境与IVC笼具工艺布局设计,有利于保证实验区空气质量、节省综合投资及提高设施3-5倍的利用率;采用变风量空调控制系统,可大大降低新风的热能耗,并使空调负荷减少约10%-50%新风量能耗;采用先进的中央空调智能节电系统（简称GL-CAC）,可实现中央空调辅机节电30%-60%、主机节电5%-20%的目标;优化卫生热水与消毒蒸汽设备工程可节约50%的投资及其运行费用;对设施系统运行实施科学管理,也可以节省人力资源与年度运行管理费用。     

The challenges of implementing pathogen control strategies for fishes used in biomedical research

Over the past several decades, a number of fish species, including the zebrafish, medaka, and platyfish/swordtail, have become important models for human health and disease. Despite the increasing prevalence of these and other fish species in research, methods for health maintenance and the management of diseases in laboratory populations of these animals are underdeveloped. There is a growing realization that this trend must change, especially as the use of these species expands beyond developmental biology and more towards experimental applications where the presence of underlying disease may affect the physiology animals used in experiments and potentially compromise research results. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop, improve, and implement strategies for managing health and disease in aquatic research facilities. The purpose of this review is to report the proceedings of a workshop entitled "Animal Health and Disease Management in Research Animals" that was recently held at the 5th Aquatic Animal Models for Human Disease in September 2010 at Corvallis, Oregon to discuss the challenges involved with moving the field forward on this front.     

海洋生境修复和生物资源养护原理与技术研究进展及展望

由于人类活动导致的海洋生境、生态系统以及生物资源的衰退已经引起了全球的高度重视。以生态修复的原理为基础,综述了海洋生境修复和生物资源养护的关键设施、关键技术、监测与效果评价以及综合管理的国内外研究进展,并对海洋生境修复与生物资源养护的研究热点和重点进行了展望,以期为我国海洋生境修复和生物资源养护提供参考。     

Ochratoxin A Analysen im Blut von Arbeitnehmern in der Abfallwirtschaft

Tasks such as manual sorting of domestic wastes for recyclable goods and the deposition of various materials may result in inhalation of mycotoxin-containing aerosols. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was analyzed in blood samples from workers employed at waste handling facilities in Southern Germany to assess the potential impact of this mycotoxin, and explore its use as a biomarker of exposure to bioaerosols. Results from this analysis are reported: OTA serum levels (median values) in subgroups of workers involved in waste deposition (n=76 ‘Deponierer’) or in waste sorting (n=60 ‘Wertstoffsortierer’) were 0.36 and 0.53 ng/ml, respectively. Both groups are natives of countries within the European Community (EU). In waste sorters who were born in other European (non-EU) countries (n=72) or elsewhere (n=12 from Asia, Africa), the OTA serum levels were 0.50 and 0.37 ng/ml, respectively. In controls (n=84 office clerks at the facilities; EU citizens) the median OTA value was 0.39 ng/ml. Comparing the different groups, and previously published data on median OTA levels in the general population (0.21 ng/ml) which result from dietary (background) exposure to OTA in Germany, our data point to an additional uptake of this mycotoxin by inhalation in workers with exposure to bioaerosols. The results support the view that apart from the pathogenic and allergological relevance of microbial emissions from garbage, secondary fungal metabolites, and thus toxicological aspects, deserve further attention.

Presented at the 25^th Mykotoxin Workshop in Giessen, Germany, May 19–21, 2003     

Home range of the Japanese fluvial sculpin, Cottus pollux, in relation to nocturnal activity patterns

Patterns of space use related to the activity of individual Japanese fluvial sculpins, Cottus pollux, were examined during the non-breeding season, in the upper reaches of the Inabe River, central Japan. Sculpins appeared more frequently at night than in daytime. Among 31 recaptured sculpins, 30 (96.8%) showed nocturnal activity patterns, there being no fish which exhibited an entirely diurnal activity pattern. Of 21 sculpins captured both in daytime and at night, the most common pattern of space use (n = 14, 66.7%) was that in which the nocturnal home range entirely encompassed the diurnal range. Overall, nocturnal home ranges were significantly larger than diurnal ranges. Active sculpins were rarely found on sand-associated substrata in daytime, but were seen more frequently on such substrata at night.