CO2浓度升高对西花蓟马和花蓟马成虫体内解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响

【目的】阐明大气CO₂浓度升高对外来入侵昆虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis及其本地近缘种花蓟马F. intonsa的影响机制。【方法】测定和分析了CO₂人工气候箱内不同CO₂浓度（400 μL/L和800 μL/L）下饲养3代的这两种蓟马体内3种解毒酶［羧酸酯酶（CarE）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）和微粒体多功能氧化酶(MFO）］和3种保护酶［超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD）］的活性。【结果】西花蓟马成虫体内的CarE, AchE, MFO, CAT和POD酶活性随着CO₂浓度的升高而显著上升（P＜0.05）,其中800 μL/L CO₂浓度下CarE和MFO酶活性分别比400 μL/L CO₂浓度下增加了24.78%和16.05%;800 μL/L CO2浓度下花蓟马成虫体内的CarE, MFO和CAT酶活性显著高于400 μL/L CO₂浓度下花蓟马成虫体内的相应酶活性,而AchE和POD酶活性在两种CO2浓度间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。800 μL/L CO₂浓度下西花蓟马和花蓟马成虫体内的SOD酶活性均显著低于400 μL/L CO₂浓度下的相应蓟马酶活性（P＜0.05）,分别下降了65.22%和42.20%。【结论】CO₂浓度升高是导致两种蓟马成虫体内CarE,MFO和SOD酶活性上升的主要原因,而AchE, CAT和POD酶活性的变化主要受蓟马种类的影响。两种蓟马可能通过改变体内解毒酶或保护酶的活性来适应高浓度CO₂的环境。     

Preparation and partial characterization of a Lactobacillus lactis bacteriophage

High-titer lysates of a bacteriophage active against Lactobacillus lactis were prepared from liquid cultures as well as from areas of confluent lysis in soft-agar overlayers. Phage concentration and purification were accomplished by means of polyethylene glycol precipitation, differential centrifugation, and cesium chloride gradient centrifugation. The buoyant density of this phagein cesium chloride was 1.4795 g/ml. Characterization of phage growth cycle by one-step growth experiments under optimal conditions showed that the latent period was about 120 min, that the rise period lasted approx. 130 min, and that the average burst-size was about 80.Abbreviations p.f.u. plaque forming units - m.o.i. multiplicity of infection - PEG polyethylene glycol - SSC standard saline citrate solution     

三七总RNA提取方法的对比研究

比较利用改进的异硫氰酸胍一步法、异硫氰酸胍高盐法、CTAB法和Thomas’RNA提取法等4种方法提取三七根茎2个部位总RNA的可行性。结果表明,改进的异硫氰酸胍一步法和异硫氰酸胍高盐法能有效地抑制酚类物质、多糖及皂苷等次级代谢产物对总RNA的影响,可从三七根茎中获得质量高、完整性好的总RNA。RT—PCR分析显示提取的总RNA具有反转录活性。这2种方法具有快速、简单、有效的特点。     

绿原酸提高舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒(LdNPV)的致病力

【目的】明确绿原酸(chlorogenic acid,CA)对舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒Lymantria dispar necleopolyhydrovirus(Ld NPV)致病力的影响,为舞毒蛾的防治提供参考依据。【方法】采用食料给毒法进行生物测定,测定舞毒蛾2龄幼虫对单独Ld NPV及添加绿原酸的Ld NPV(CA+Ld NPV)的剂量及致死时间响应。【结果】CA+Ld NPV与单独Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的剂量及时间响应间有显著差异,二者对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为161.8 OBs/μL(95%的置信区间为105.6~235.3 OBs/μL)和264.4 OBs/μL(95%的置信区间为178.6~384.0 OBs/μL),前者对舞毒蛾的致病力较后者强。CA+Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致死中时间(LT_(50))较Ld NPV的短,当Ld NPV浓度为590 OBs/μL,CA+Ld NPV及Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的LT_(50)分别为9.9 d和12.3 d;当Ld NPV浓度为5 900 OBs/μL时,则LT_(50)分别为6.9 d和8.0 d。绿原酸降低了Ld NPV对舞毒蛾幼虫的致死中浓度,缩短了致死中时间。【结论】绿原酸可提高Ld NPV对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫的致病力,其机理有待进一步研究。     

Distribution of ichthyoplankton in the eastern Peter the Great Bay,Sea of Japan,in June and July of 2007

Comparison of the results of ichthyoplankton surveys conducted at 97 stations in the eastern part of the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan, in June–July 2007 with the similar research data of the 1950s shows that at present, as was the case 50 years ago, flatfish eggs belonging mainly to the yellowfin sole Limanda aspera and brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini prevail in the local ichthyoplankton (up to 86%). The highest concentrations of these species’ eggs were recorded in the Vostok Bay and Strelok Bay. The spawning activity of flatfish in 2007 is found to be lower than in the mid 1900s, but the significance of the eastern part of the Peter the Great Bay for flatfish reproduction remains large. The importance of long-term monitoring in this area, which is being subjected to steadily growing anthropogenic impacts, is also proven.     

红细胞的前向光散射

本文从红细胞前向光散射的观点出发对红细胞的尺寸、红细胞的变形性研究以及红细胞容积、血红蛋白浓度等参数的测定作了系统的思考。提出在红细胞与周围悬浮介质折射车相差不大时,反常衍射比夫朗和费衍射更适合用于红细胞前向光散射的研究。利用两组不同角间隔的前向散射光来同时测量红细胞容积和血红蛋白浓度。同时其它一些标识红细胞的参数如平均红细胞容量（ＭＣＶ）、平均血红蛋白量（ＭＣＨ）等均可直接或间接由这两项参数导出。最后还将红细胞的光散射与Ｍｉｅ理论作了对比．     

In vitro chiral nematic ordering of chitin crystallites

Microfibrillar fragments of purified crab and shrimp chitin were prepared by hydrolysis in 3 HCl at its boiling point (104°C). After removal of the acid by centrifugal washing and dialysis, an ultrasound treatment converts the residual product to a colloidal suspension stabilized by NH₃⁺ charges. When dewatered to a critical concentration, spontaneous formation of a two-phase equilibrium system occurs. The upper phase (lower concentration) is isotropic and the lower phase is anisotropic. The latter displays chiral nematic order and dries to a solid film which mimics the helicoid organization characteristic of the chitin microfibrils in the cuticle of arthropods.     

Emerging roles for β-arrestin-1 in the control of the pancreatic β-cell function and mass: New therapeutic strategies and consequences for drug screening

Defective insulin secretion is a feature of type 2 diabetes that results from inadequate compensatory increase in β-cell mass, decreased β-cell survival and impaired glucose-dependent insulin release. Pancreatic β-cell proliferation, survival and secretion are thought to be regulated by signalling pathways linked to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors. β-arrestin-1 serves as a multifunctional adaptor protein that mediates receptor desensitization, receptor internalization, and links GPCRs to downstream pathways such as tyrosine kinase Src, ERK1/2 or Akt/PKB. Importantly, recent studies found that β-arrestin-1 mediates GLP-1 signalling to insulin secretion, GLP-1 antiapoptotic effect by phosphorylating the proapoptotic protein Bad through ERK1/2 activation, and PACAP potentiation of glucose-induced long-lasting ERK1/2 activation controlling IRS-2 expression. Together, these novel findings reveal an important functional role for β-arrestin-1 in the regulation of insulin secretion and β-cell survival by GPCRs.     

纹状体神经通路与运动调控

纹状体(striatum)是机体运动中枢的关键组成部分,对机体随意运动、非意识性运动、肌张力、身体姿态、精细运动等调节均发挥重要作用。纹状体功能异常导致运动失调:一类为运动减少,肌张力亢进,如帕金森病;另一类为运动过多,肌张力不足,如舞蹈病。一般认为,纹状体接收大脑运动皮层传来的运动相关信号,经其加工处理后,经丘脑返传回运动皮层,最终由运动皮层发出运动执行信号,经锥体系完成运动。可见,纹状体的运动调控功能有赖于复杂的神经通路系统。本文综述近几年来有关纹状体神经通路与运动调控的研究进展,以期更深入理解纹状体运动调控神经机制及其与临床疾病的关系。     

海藻酸转化生物乙醇研究进展

作为第三代生物燃料,大型褐藻类生物质转化燃料乙醇的研究受到广泛的关注。但是,现有的乙醇工业菌株并不能利用褐藻中的主要成分海藻酸,这个问题是海藻生物乙醇实现工业化生产的主要技术难关。近几年随着对海藻酸裂解酶和海藻酸降解菌代谢途径的深入研究,科研人员构建了不同的海藻酸发酵菌株,为高效转化大型海藻生产生物乙醇提供了可行的技术基础。这篇文章对海藻酸资源概况和海藻酸转化生物乙醇存在的科学问题及其研究进展进行了综述。