血栓通注射液对暂时性和永久性大鼠脑缺血模型的神经保护作用

血栓通注射液(冻干)(XST)是一种从三七中提取的中草药标准化产品,广泛用于临床治疗急性脑梗塞等脑血管疾病。本研究评估了XST在不同大鼠脑缺血模型中的急性和延长保护作用,并探讨了其对过氧化物酶(Prx) 6-toll样受体(TLR) 4信号通路的影响。用XST处理抑制过氧化物酶(Prx) 6-toll样受体(TLR) 4的蛋白质表达和p38的磷酸化水平,并且上调STAT3的磷酸化水平。XST治疗3 d可显著降低暂时性大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)诱导的梗死体积和肿胀百分比,并调节白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-17、IL-23p19、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNFα)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)。在永久MCAO大鼠中,XST可以减少梗死体积和肿胀百分比。XST治疗还可以增加大鼠的体重并改善一批功能结果。XST可以保护暂时性和永久性MCAO大鼠的缺血性损伤可能与Prx6-TLR4途径有关。     

Hepatoprotective effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone against alcoholic liver injury through activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant and inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammation responses

The present study was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) against acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. Acute alcoholic liver injury model was established in mice, and they were administrated with PQQ to investigate its hepatoprotective effect. Our results shows that PQQ can significantly ameliorate acute alcoholic liver injury by decreasing the hepatic marker enzymes, including serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and increasing the levels of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in the liver. And PQQ can also significantly reduce the content of hepatic triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, PQQ attenuated alcohol-induced oxidative damage by activating NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling pathway, and inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Our findings have elucidated the liver protection mechanism of PQQ, which would encourage the further exploitation of PQQ as a hepatoprotective functional food.     

Mechanism of salidroside relieving the acute hypoxia-induced myocardial injury through the PI3K/Akt pathway

ObjectiveThe objective was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of salidroside through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its protective effects on acute hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in rats.MethodsA total of 24 healthy Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected as the experimental subjects. All rats were divided into 4 groups by using the random number table method, with 6 rats in each group. The groups included the normal control group, the salidroside group, the hypobaric hypoxia group, and the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group. Rats in the salidroside group were fed in the original animal laboratory and were intragastrically administered with salidroside every morning at a dosage of 35 mg/kg. Rats in the normal control group were intragastrically administered with an equal dosage of saline. Rats in the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group were intragastrically administered with salidroside every morning at a dosage of 35 mg/kg, who were fed in the hypoxic experiment module for animals. The altitude was increased to 4000 m, and the rats were kept in the module for 24 h. Rats in the hypobaric hypoxia group were intragastrically administered with an equal dosage of saline in the same environment, and the altitude was increased to 4000 m after administration. Parameters of blood gas analysis, histopathological changes in cardiac tissues, cardiac indexes, and inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α levels of rats in groups were compared.Results1. The cardiac indexes of rats in groups were compared. The differences between the hypobaric hypoxia group and the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). 2. The results of blood gas analysis of rats in groups were compared. The differences between the hypobaric hypoxia group and the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group were significantly different (P < 0.05). 3. In the hypobaric hypoxia group, the myocardial cells of rats were arranged disorderly and shaped differently, with cases such as edema, degeneration, necrosis, nucleus pyknosis, and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells. In the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group, the above-mentioned pathological changes in myocardial cells were relieved. 4. Compared with the hypobaric hypoxia group, in the hypobaric hypoxia + salidroside group, the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in rats decreased apparently, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionSalidroside had the repairing and protective effects on the hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injuries in rats. The application of salidroside could reduce the inflammatory responses of rats with hypobaric hypoxia-induced myocardial injuries through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby protecting the myocardial cells.     

MiR-29b-3p aggravates cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via targeting PTX3

Our current research aimed to decipher the role and underlying mechanism with regard to miR-29b-3p involving in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, cardiomyocyte H9c2 cell was used, and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was established to mimic the myocardial I/R injury. The expressions of miR-29b-3p and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) were quantified deploying qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The levels of LDH, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were detected to evaluate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory response. Cardiomyocyte viability and apoptosis were examined employing CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Verification of the targeting relationship between miR-29b-3p and PTX3 was conducted using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. It was found that miR-29b-3p expression in H9c2 cells was up-regulated by H/R, and a remarkable down-regulation of PTX3 expression was demonstrated. MiR-29b-3p significantly promoted of release of inflammatory cytokines of H9c2 cells, and it also constrained the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Additionally, PTX3 was inhibited by miR-29b-3p at both mRNA and protein levels, and it was identified as a direct target of miR-29b-3p. PTX3 overexpression could reduce the inflammatory response, increase the viability of H9c2 cells, and inhibit apoptosis. Additionally, PTX3 counteracted the function of miR-29b-3p during the injury of H9c2 cells induced by H/R. In summary, miR-29b-3p was capable of aggravating the H/R injury of H9c2 cells by repressing the expression of PTX3.     

含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(caspase-1)对猪伪狂犬病毒复制的影响

猪伪狂犬病是伪狂犬病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)感染引起的一种烈性接触性传染病,其感染宿主会触发机体先天免疫应答,引起I型干扰素(Type I interferon,IFN-1)和炎性细胞因子等细胞因子的产生,为研究可诱导产生炎性细胞因子的含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1,caspase-1)的基因敲除对PRV复制的影响,本试验利用近年来发展迅速的一项规律性短重复回文序列簇/Cas9核酸酶(Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated system 9,CRISPR/Cas9)基因定点修饰技术构建猪肾上皮细胞(Porcine kidney epithelial cells,PK15)caspase-1基因稳定敲除细胞系,并通过T7核酸酶检测敲除效率;细胞毒性(Cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)试剂盒检测PK15敲除caspase-1增殖影响;采用流式细胞术检测PRV-GFP感染PK15以及PK15-caspase-1^-/-的增殖差异;实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR,RT-PCR)检测PRV-gB、TK及白细胞介素1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IFN-β、干扰素刺激基因(Interferon-stimulated genes 20,ISG20)mRNA的表达;Western Blot检测PRV-gB蛋白表达;滴度测定检测子代病毒滴度。结果表明,2对特异性单链引导RNA(Single guide RNA,sgRNA)均能对caspase-1进行基因编辑,但经T7核酸酶酶切进行基因编辑效率分析结果表明sgRNA2的基因编辑效率较高;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力结果表明caspase-1基因敲除对PK15以及PK15-caspase-1^-/-细胞活力无影响(P>0.05);流式细胞仪检测结果表明PRV-GFP在PK15-caspase-1^-/-中的增殖显著低于PK15细胞(P<0.05);定量RT-PCR结果表明PRV-gB、TK基因在PK15-caspase-1^-/-的mRNA表达显著低于PK15细胞(gB:P<0.05,TK:P<0.05),而IFN-β、ISG20基因在PK15-caspase-1^-/-的mRNA表达显著高于PK15细胞(gB:P<0.05,TK:P<0.05);Western Blot结果表明,PRV的gB蛋白在PK15-caspase-1^-/-的表达显著低于PK15细胞(P<0.05);滴度测定结果表明,敲除caspase-1能够抑制PRV子代病毒的增殖。以上结果均表明caspase-1基因敲除可抑制PRV在PK15细胞中复制。     

Aurora-A激酶对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺脏损伤的修复作用研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究Aurora-A激酶对急性胰腺炎大鼠肺脏损伤的修复作用。方法：36只雄性SD大鼠均分为三组：对照组、模型组与Aurora-A组。对照组进行假手术操作,模型组建立急性胰腺炎模型后给予注射等量生理盐水治疗,Aurora-A组建立急性胰腺炎模型后给予阴茎背静脉注射鼠Aurora-A类因子-MLN8054 10 mg/kg治疗,记录大鼠肺脏损伤的修复情况。结果：造模过程中无大鼠死亡情况发生,模型组与Aurora-A组造模后2 w与4 w的肺组织病理评分、血清中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(neutrophil elastase,NE)与髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)含量、肺组织W/D、肺组织蛋白激酶B(AKT)、细胞外信号调节激酶1(ERK1)蛋白相对表达水平都高于对照组(P<0.05),Aurora-A组少于模型组(P<0.05)。结论：Aurora-A激酶在急性胰腺炎大鼠的应用能抑制Akt/ERK信号通路激活,减少血清NE与MPO的表达,从而促进肺脏损伤修复。     

Role of HRTPT in kidney proximal epithelial cell regeneration: Integrative differential expression and pathway analyses using microarray and scRNA-seq

Damage to proximal tubules due to exposure to toxicants can lead to conditions such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ultimately end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Studies have shown that kidney proximal epithelial cells can regenerate particularly after acute injury. In the previous study, we utilized an immortalized in vitro model of human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, RPTEC/TERT1, to isolate HRTPT cell line that co-expresses stem cell markers CD133 and CD24, and HREC24T cell line that expresses only CD24. HRTPT cells showed most of the key characteristics of stem/progenitor cells; however, HREC24T cells did not show any of these characteristics. The goal of this study was to further characterize and understand the global gene expression differences, upregulated pathways and gene interaction using scRNA-seq in HRTPT cells. Affymetrix microarray analysis identified common gene sets and pathways specific to HRTPT and HREC24T cells analysed using DAVID, Reactome and Ingenuity software. Gene sets of HRTPT cells, in comparison with publicly available data set for CD133+ infant kidney, urine-derived renal progenitor cells and human kidney-derived epithelial proximal tubule cells showed substantial similarity in organization and interactions of the apical membrane. Single-cell analysis of HRTPT cells identified unique gene clusters associated with CD133 and the 92 common gene sets from three data sets. In conclusion, the gene expression analysis identified a unique gene set for HRTPT cells and narrowed the co-expressed gene set compared with other human renal–derived cell lines expressing CD133, which may provide deeper understanding in their role as progenitor/stem cells that participate in renal repair.     

Mild hypothermia in rat with acute myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury complicating severe sepsis

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) with concurrent severe sepsis has led to substantial mortality. Mild hypothermia (MHT) has been proved to have a therapeutic effect in either MIRI or severe sepsis, which suggests it might be beneficial for MIRI complicating severe sepsis. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats with MIRI complicating severe sepsis were allotted in either MHT (33 ± 0.5°C) group or normothermia (NT, 37 ± 0.5°C) group; as control, rats receiving sham surgery and normal saline were kept at NT. After 2h of temperature maintenance, blood and heart tissue were acquired for detections. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in blood, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and Evans blue staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining for myocardium were employed to detect myocardial damage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and caspase-3 was performed by immunohistochemistry to exam myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. Detection of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 was for myocardial oxidative stress. In MHT group, systolic blood pressure was improved significantly compared with NT group. Myocardial infarct size, morphological change, LDH and CK-MB levels were attenuated compared to NT group. Moreover, less expressions of TNF-α, caspase-3 and NOX2 in MHT group were presented compared with NT group. MHT showed cardioprotection by improving cardiac dysfunction, reducing myocardial infarct size and attenuating myocardial injury, inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress.