Effectiveness of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on bone healing is still uncertain and it has not been established as a standardized treatment. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effect of PEMF on bone healing in patients with fracture. We searched CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP, EMbase, PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and Open Grey websites for randomized controlled trials (published before July 2019 in English or Chinese) comparing any form of PEMF to sham. Reference lists were also searched. Related data were extracted by two investigators independently. The bias risk of the articles and the evidence strength of the outcomes were evaluated. Twenty-two studies were eligible and included in our analysis (n = 1,468 participants). The pooled results of 14 studies (n = 1,131 participants) demonstrated that healing rate in PEMF group was 79.7% (443/556), and that in the control group was 64.3% (370/575). PEMF increased healing rate (RR = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.35; I² = 48%) by the Mantel–Haenszel analysis, relieved pain (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.49; 95% CI = −0.88 to −0.10; I² = 60%) by the inverse variance analysis, and accelerated healing time (SMD = −1.01; 95% CI = −2.01 to −0.00; I² = 90%) by the inverse variance analysis. Moderate quality evidence suggested that PEMF increased healing rate and relieved pain of fracture, and very low-quality evidence showed that PEMF accelerated healing time. Larger and higher quality randomized controlled trials and pre-clinical studies of optimal frequency, amplitude, and duration parameters are needed. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.     

铜陵市铜尾矿生物群落的恢复与重建

铜陵市位于安徽省中部,长江南岸,属皖南丘陵的一部分,是我国重要的产铜地区之一,治铜历史悠久,解放后大规模进行开采,对我国经济发展起了很大作用。但是,开采过程中形成的废弃物占用大量土地,污染周围环境。矿业弃置地的治理与生物群落的恢复已成为持续发展的关键问题之一。1995年9月到1998年4月,对铜陵市不同弃置时间和不同利用现状的尾矿,进行尾矿基质理化性质和生物群落调查,试图探明不同弃置时间的尾矿上植被和土壤动物的组成、数量和分布特点及其与尾矿理化性质变化的关系,对尾矿的治理和生物群落的重建有一定的理论和实践意义。1　调…     

Grasshopper biodiversity and bioindicators in Australian tropical savannas: Responses to disturbance in Kakadu National Park

Grasshoppers are a dominant group of herbivorous insects throughout the world, and their high diversity, functional importance, sensitivity to disturbance and ease of sampling makes them potentially useful bioindicators for land management. In Australia, however, the dynamics of grasshopper assemblages are extremely poorly understood. Here we describe the responses of grasshopper (Acridoidea, Eumastacoidea and Tettigonioidea) assemblages in the Kakadu region of the Northern Territory, Australia to disturbance associated with mining. Three questions were addressed in this study: (i) do local grasshopper assemblages show consistent responses to disturbance?; (ii) can particular species or functional groups be identified that are reliable indicators of ecological disturbance?; and (iii) to what extent do the responses of grasshopper assemblages merely reflect those of vegetation? Grasshoppers were sampled at 26 sites located in and around the Ranger uranium mine, representing three habitat types with respect to degree of disturbance: (i) ‘natural’ (10 sites representing a range of ‘undisturbed’ savanna habitats); (ii) ‘disturbed’ (10 sites representing a range of disturbances, but with soil intact); and (iii) ‘waste rock’ (six sites undergoing rehabilitation on a constructed landform). A total of 56 grasshopper species in 46 genera was recorded during the study, with site species richness ranging from five to 20. There were no significant differences between habitat types in site species diversity, but multivariate analysis demonstrated a strong correspondence between grasshopper species composition and degree of habitat disturbance. Using Indicator Species Analysis, six species and one functional group were identified as significant indicators of habitat type in relation to disturbance. Grasshopper responses were correlated with that of vegetation, but grasshopper assemblages showed apparently meaningful differentiation among disturbed sites that was not evident on the basis of floristic data. Our results demonstrate that grasshopper assemblages respond to disturbances associated with human land use and that these responses do not simply reflect those of plants. Grasshoppers are therefore potentially useful bioindicators of ecological disturbance in Australia, but further work is required on the extent to which their responses reflect general ecological change.     

Improving guideline adherence for cardiac rehabilitation in the Netherlands

Background

In 2004, the Netherlands Society of Cardiology released the current guideline on cardiac rehabilitation. Given its complexity and the involvement of various healthcare disciplines, it was supplemented with a clinical algorithm, serving to facilitate its implementation in daily practice. Although the algorithm was shown to be effective for improving guideline adherence, several shortcomings and deficiencies were revealed. Based on these findings, the clinical algorithm has now been updated. This article describes the process and the changes that were made.

Methods

The revision consisted of three phases. First, the reliability of the measurement instruments included in the 2004 Clinical Algorithm was investigated by evaluating between-centre variations of the baseline assessment data. Second, based on the available evidence, a multidisciplinary expert advisory panel selected items needing revision and provided specific recommendations. Third, a guideline development group decided which revisions were finally included, also taking practical considerations into account.

Results

A total of nine items were revised: three because of new scientific insights and six because of the need for more objective measurement instruments. In all revised items, subjective assessment methods were replaced by more objective assessment tools (e.g. symptom-limited exercise instead of clinical judgement). In addition, four new key items were added: screening for anxiety/depression, stress, cardiovascular risk profile and alcohol consumption.

Conclusion

Based on previously determined shortcomings, the Clinical Algorithm for Cardiac Rehabilitation was thoroughly revised mainly by incorporating more objective assessment methods and by adding several new key areas.     

体外反搏治疗急性重症病毒性脑炎的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨以体外反搏为主的康复手段治疗急性重症病毒性脑炎的临床疗效。方法:选择2015年6月～2016年6月在我院康复科就诊的42例急性重症病毒性脑炎患儿,按照家长治疗意愿分成治疗组和对照组,每组21例。治疗一个月和三个月后,分析和比较两组的治疗前后粗大运动功能评定量表(GMFM)、平衡功能测量(Berg量表)和修订的Glasgow意识障碍评分量表评分的变化。结果:两组患儿平衡能力总有效率(显效率与有效率之和)分别为85.7%和57.1%,以及95.2%和66.7%,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后1、3个月,GMFM、Glasgow意识障碍评分均较治疗前明显提高(P0.01),且治疗组治疗1、3个月后GMFM显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论:以体外反搏为主的早期康复治疗有助于急性重症病毒性脑炎患者促醒及运动功能恢复。     

术中保温联合早期系统化康复训练对老年全髋关节置换术患者凝血功能、康复效果和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：观察术中保温联合早期系统化康复训练对老年全髋关节置换术（THA）患者凝血功能、康复效果和生活质量的影响。方法：选择我院2018年8月～2021年8月期间收治的80例老年THA患者,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组（40例）和观察组（40例）。对照组患者接受早期系统化康复训练,观察组患者接受术中保温联合早期系统化康复训练,对比两组术中低体温发生率、凝血功能、康复效果和生活质量。结果：观察组的术中低体温发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的下床活动时间、住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后8周Harris髋关节功能评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组术后7 d凝血酶原时间(PT) 、活化部分凝血活酶时间( APTT) 及凝血酶时间( TT) 、纤维蛋白原（FIB）均升高（P<0.05）,观察组术前、术后7 d PT、APTT、TT、FIB组内对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）,观察组术后7 d PT、APTT、TT、FIB低于对照组（P<0.05）。对照组术后6个月躯体职能、角色职能、情绪职能、认知职能、社会职能评分升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：术中保温联合早期系统化康复训练可促进老年THA患者康复,有效保护机体凝血功能,促进患者生活质量提高,效果显著。     

Novel advances in cardiac rehabilitation: Position paper from the Working Group on Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has evolved as an important part of the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, to date, its full potential is fairly underutilised. This review discusses new developments in CR aimed at improving participation rates and long-term effectiveness in the general cardiac population. It consecutively highlights new or challenging target groups, new delivery modes and new care pathways for CR programmes. These new or challenging target groups include patients with atrial fibrillation, obesity and cardiovascular disease, chronic coronary syndromes, (advanced) chronic heart failure with or without intracardiac devices, women and frail elderly patients. Also, the current evidence regarding cardiac telerehabilitation and loyalty programmes is discussed as new delivery modes for CR. Finally, this paper discusses novel care pathways with the integration of CR in residual risk management and transmural care pathways. These new developments can help to make optimal use of the benefits of CR. Therefore we should seize the opportunities to reshape current CR programmes, broaden their applicability and incorporate them into or combine them with other cardiovascular care programmes/pathways.