Large tables

The traditional exploration of large contingency tables leads to multiple comparisons with the inherent generation of chance associations. To allow for this, a simple empirical Bayesian approach is used here to derive estimates of association 'shrunk' towards a global mean. Estimates are displayed on ordered normal plots, to allow visual detection of outliers, with the addition of 'guide rails', derived from simulation, to facilitate their detection. The methods, and the interpretation of results, are illustrated using a large table of occupations for cancer registrations in England and Wales for 1971-90.     

中英“注册前住院医师”临床执业现状对比及思考

通过对比中英两国“注册前住院医师”临床执业现状,从培养模式、医师资格获取的时间点、临床执业资质以及执业法律环境等多个角度,分析两国“注册前住院医师”临床执业的不同之处,在借鉴英国经验的基础上提出相关建议,旨在解决我国“注册前住院医师”临床执业中的现存问题,保障“注册前住院医师”临床执业的合法性。     

Sample Drift Correction Following 4D Confocal Time-lapse Imaging

The generation of four-dimensional (4D) confocal datasets; consisting of 3D image sequences over time; provides an excellent methodology to capture cellular behaviors involved in developmental processes.  The ability to track and follow cell movements is limited by sample movements that occur due to drift of the sample or, in some cases, growth during image acquisition. Tracking cells in datasets affected by drift and/or growth will incorporate these movements into any analysis of cell position. This may result in the apparent movement of static structures within the sample. Therefore prior to cell tracking, any sample drift should be corrected. Using the open source Fiji distribution ¹  of ImageJ ^2,3 and the incorporated LOCI tools ⁴, we developed the Correct 3D drift plug-in to remove erroneous sample movement in confocal datasets. This protocol effectively compensates for sample translation or alterations in focal position by utilizing phase correlation to register each time-point of a four-dimensional confocal datasets while maintaining the ability to visualize and measure cell movements over extended time-lapse experiments.     

Dynamic Lung Modeling and Tumor Tracking Using Deformable Image Registration and Geometric Smoothing

A greyscale-based fully automatic deformable image registration algorithm, based on an optical flow method together with geometric smoothing, is developed for dynamic lung modeling and tumor tracking. In our computational processing pipeline, the input data is a set of 4D CT images with 10 phases. The triangle mesh of the lung model is directly extracted from the more stable exhale phase (Phase 5). In addition, we represent the lung surface model in 3D volumetric format by applying a signed distance function and then generate tetrahedral meshes. Our registration algorithm works for both triangle and tetrahedral meshes. In CT images, the intensity value reflects the local tissue density. For each grid point, we calculate the displacement from the static image (Phase 5) to match with the moving image (other phases) by using merely intensity values of the CT images. The optical flow computation is followed by a regularization of the deformation field using geometric smoothing. Lung volume change and the maximum lung tissue movement are used to evaluate the accuracy of the application. Our testing results suggest that the application of deformable registration algorithm is an effective way for delineating and tracking tumor motion in image-guided radiotherapy.     

基于恒定空间分辨率离散序列小波变换的眼底血管造影图像拼接方法

将恒定空间分辨率离散序列小波变换（discrete sequence wavelet transform,DSWT)应用于眼底吲哚青绿血管造影（indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)图像的拼接,解决了传统基为2的DSWT会导致分解结果的空间分辨率下降的问题。提出对图像小波分解细节逼近和平滑逼近分别使用加权平均拼接和直接平均拼接进行处理的策略,以得到兼顾视觉效果和保真性的拼接结果。并且针对眼底图像背景光照不一致,提出在小波域进行处理的策略。实验结果表明拼接算法效果良好。     

基于配准的插值

断层间图像插值是三维重建的一个关键步骤,因为图像上像素之间的间隔常常小于断层图像之间的距离,而在三维重建需要它们有一致的分辨率.由于是同模态断层图像层间插值,对于解决同模态弹性配准问题,Thirion的demons算法比较适合.所以配准采用Demons方法.Demons算法先判断出待配准图像上各个象素点的运动方法,通过对各个象素点的移动来实现非刚性配准.在这个算法中,每张图像都被视为同灰度值轮廓的集合.该算法可以应用于精度要求比较高的体数据插值重建过程.     

Dose warping performance in deformable image registration in lung

PurposeIt is unclear that spatial accuracy can reflect the impact of deformed dose distribution. In this study, we used dosimetric parameters to compare an in-house deformable image registration (DIR) system using NiftyReg, with two commercially available systems, MIM Maestro (MIM) and Velocity AI (Velocity).MethodsFor 19 non-small-cell lung cancer patients, the peak inspiration (0%)-4DCT images were deformed to the peak expiration (50%)-4DCT images using each of the three DIR systems, which included computation of the deformation vector fields (DVF). The 0%-gross tumor volume (GTV) and the 0%-dose distribution were also then deformed using the DVFs. The agreement in the dose distributions for the GTVs was evaluated using generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD), mean dose (D_mean), and three-dimensional (3D) gamma index (criteria: 3 mm/3%). Additionally, a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to measure the similarity of the GTV volumes.ResultsD_mean and gEUD demonstrated good agreement between the original and deformed dose distributions (differences were generally less than 3%) in 17 of the patients. In two other patients, the Velocity system resulted in differences in gEUD of 50.1% and 29.7% and in D_mean of 11.8% and 4.78%. The gamma index comparison showed statistically significant differences for the in-house DIR vs. MIM, and MIM vs. Velocity.ConclusionsThe finely tuned in-house DIR system could achieve similar spatial and dose accuracy to the commercial systems. Care must be taken, as we found errors of more than 5% for D_mean and 30% for gEUD, even with a commercially available DIR tool.     

我国影像临床试验注册情况及其对科研管理的启示

???? 目的 分析和探讨我国影像医学临床试验注册现状及存在的问题。方法 收集中国临床试验注册中心2008—2012年的临床试验注册数据,使用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析,组间构成比比较采用Pearson χ²检验。结果 5年间我国影像医学临床试验注册数呈明显上升趋势。2011—2012年注册试验的影像手段构成与2008—2010年注册试验不同, P=0.037,MRI（从18.18%到32.73%）、CT（从9.09%到18.18%）试验所占比例明显升高。影像医学临床试验采用诊断试验设计的比例最高,占37.98%,明显高于平均水平3.45%,P<0.001。结论 我国影像临床试验的管理逐渐规范,临床试验的科学性和可信度随之提高。加强临床试验预注册、完善试验设计是提高影像医学试验管理水平的重要措施。     

以电子注册为手段, 推进高校学籍管理建设

学籍管理是高校教学管理工作的一项重要内容,是保证高校正常教学秩序,形成良好学风、教风和校风的重要保障。电子注册则是传统学籍管理工作在新形势下的延续和发展。实现电子注册,对保证高等教育质量,维护高校的社会形象和大学生的合法权益,起着很重要的保障作用。学籍管理是实施电子注册的基础,电子注册则是加强学籍管理的有效手段。