山西珍稀野生花卉种质资源与利用

本文论述了山西珍稀野生花卉种质资源的种类、观赏特性和应用前景,并进一步分析了其生态特点和开发利用途径,为今后山西珍稀野生花卉的研究和开发利用提参考.     

长江三峡库区及其邻近地区的残存稀有濒危植物群落

长江三峡库区及其邻近地区的残存稀有濒危植物群落属于中亚热带绿落叶阔叶混交林。群落所处自然环境少生境独特;群落中有数种至十余种稀有濒危植物群聚生长,且以其中的部分稀有濒危植物为优势种。独特的生增昨良好的群落结构被认为是该类群落得以保存的主要原因,应加强对该类群落的就地保护研究。     

Chromosome number, karyotype and DNA C-value of the Wollemi Pine (Wollernia nobilis, Araucariaceae)

The Wollemi Pine ( Wollemia nobilis , Araucariaceae) was discovered in 1994 in a remote area of the Wollemi National Park (New South Wales, Australia). With only around 40 adult trees known to be growing in the wild, it is one of the worlds rarest plant species. The results of the first cytological study are reported, including a chromosome count (2n = 2x = 26), karyotype illustration and nuclear DNA C-value (4C = 55.74 pg), obtained using Feulgen microdensitometry. The results are compared with data available on species in the other two genera of the Araucariaceae, Araucaria and Agathis , and with other gymnosperms     

Dynamics of island populations of Cypripedium calceolus in the Biebrza river valley (north-east Poland)

Three Cypripedium calceolus populations were observed in the Biebrza National Park (north-east Poland) for 11 years (1989–99). The populations differed in the number of genets and ramets and in their dynamics. Differences were in the proportion of flowering ramets, number of flowers, fruiting and recruitment. Fruiting and recruitment are low in populations of Cypripedium calceolus . Fruiting is probably pollinators limited, and recruitment is limited by environmental conditions. Changes in the size of populations of this species are caused by the following processes: changes in the number of genets (their appearance and death), changes in the size of clones (growth of individuals and their disintegration, death of individual ramets), dormancy of genets, and animal pressure. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 139 , 67–77.     

Promotion of indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures by rare earth elements

Production of the indole alkaloids, ajmalicine or catharanthine, in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus was enhanced by cerium (CeO₂ and CeCl₃), yttrium (Y₂O₃) and neodymium (NdCl₃). The yield of ajmalicine in these treated-cultures reached 51 mg l^–1 (CeO₂), 40 mg l^–1 (CeCl₃), 41 mg l^–1 (Y₂O₃) and 49 mg l^–1 (NdCl₃) while catharanthine production reached to 36 mg l^–1 (CeO₂) and 31 mg l^–1 (CeCl₃). A major portion of increased alkaloids was released into medium in these treatments. But Sm₂O₃, SmCl₃, La₂O₃, LaCl₃, complex of chromium (III)-titanium (IV) and NaSeO₄ treatments had little effect on alkaloid production of C. roseus cell cultures.     

Ribosomal Tag Pyrosequencing of DNA and RNA Reveals “Rare” Taxa with High Protein Synthesis Potential in the Sediment of a Hypersaline Lake in Western Australia

Little is known about the potential activity of microbial communities in hypersaline sediment ecosystems. Ribosomal tag libraries of DNA and RNA extracted from the sediment of Lake Strawbridge (Western Australia) revealed bacterial and archaeal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with high RNA/DNA ratios providing evidence for the presence of ‘rare’ but potentially “active” taxa. Among the ‘rare’ bacterial taxa Halomonas, Salinivibrio and Idiomarina showed the highest protein synthesis potential. Rare but ‘active’ archaeal OTUs were related to the KTK 4A cluster and the Marine-Benthic-Groups B and D. We present the first molecular analysis of the microbial diversity and protein synthesis potential of rare microbial taxa in a hypersaline sediment ecosystem.     

Local and regional rarity in a diverse tropical fish assemblage

Because most species in an ecological assemblage are rare, much of the species richness we value is due to taxa with few individuals or a restricted distribution. It has been apparent since the time of ecological pioneers such as Bates and Darwin that tropical systems have disproportionately large numbers of rare species, yet the distribution and abundance patterns of these species remain largely unknown. Here, we examine the diversity of freshwater fish in a series of lakes in the Amazonian várzea, and relate relative abundance, both as numbers of individuals and as biomass, to the occurrence of species in space and time. We find a bimodal relationship of occurrence that distinguishes temporally and spatially persistent species from those that are infrequent in both space and time. Logistic regression reveals that information on occurrence helps distinguish those species that are rare in this locality but abundant elsewhere, from those that are rare throughout the region. These results form a link between different approaches used to evaluate commonness and rarity. In doing so, they provide a tool for identifying species of high conservation priority in poorly documented but species rich localities.