血液净化科室设计中的人因工程因素讨论

?????? 目的 人因工程学是考虑人—机—环境间的关系从而提高工作效率和经济效益的一门学科,希望血液净化科室在设计时引入人因工程学理念,达到改善诊治环境,提高工作效率的目的。 方法 考虑三者需求平衡,通过改造设备、合理布局管道、设计透析单元、引入信息系统等手段达到预期效果。结果 医护和病患对科室环境的满意度较过往高。 结论 考虑人因工程因素可以在科室环境设计中最大程度达到功能和美观的统一。     

模型实验教学在组织学与胚胎学实验教学中的尝试

组织学与胚胎学是重要的医学基础课,属于形态学科。目前,组织学与胚胎学实验教学多采用数码互动实验教学,切片观察为主要手段,而切片观察主要是观察组织的平面结构,欠缺立体结构的观察。模型实验教学是以组织学与胚胎学的形态为中心组织学生制作立体模型,启发学生思维,充分发挥想象力,培养学生的动手能力和实践能力。     

案例教学法在护理本科专业组织学与胚胎学教学中的实施与体会

组织学与胚胎学为护理本科专业学生必修课.在教学过程中采取＂学生为主体、教师为主导＂的案例教学法,激发学生的主观能动性,注重学生创新能力培养.在案例教学过程中,也发现一些问题：学生素质不一、学习目标不明确以及教师教育理念滞后等.因此,在护理本科专业组织学与胚胎学实施案例教学过程中,引导学生确立学习目标,积极思考,注重团队合作,全面调动学生学习的积极性和主动性.教师在更新教学观念的同时,提倡奉献精神,注重自身素质的培养和提高.     

医学研究生临床生化专题全英教学的改革与实践思考

为培养高质量国际化有才能的医学研究生,对于已经学习过生物化学的国际医学留学研究生,开展了以与临床密切相关的生物化学专题为主要教学内容的全英文授课的教学实践和课程建设,取得了很好的教学效果.临床生化专题全英教学课程也可能适用于国内生物化学和医学相关专业的研究生,在今后的教学实践中需要继续研究和探索,以提高国内医学相关研究生的专业综合素质.     

肝胆外科住院医师规范化培训教学探讨

住院医师培训是医学教育中重要环节之一,是提高临床医疗水平的关键。因此,如何探索科学、合理的住院医师培养方案,已成为临床医学教育探索的重要课题。本文对肝胆外科住院医师规范化培训的实践进行了总结分析,希望对提高肝胆外科住院医师规范化培训效果起到一定的促进作用。     

Pollen size strongly correlates with stigma depth among Pedicularis species

Darwin proposed that pollen size should be positively correlated with stigma depth rather than style length among species given that pollen tubes first enter the stigma autotrophically, then grow through the style heterotrophically. However, studies often show a positive relationship between pollen size and style length.Five floral traits were observed to be correlated among42 bumblebee-pollinated Pedicularis species(Orobanchaceae) in which stigmas are distinct from styles. The phylogenetic independent contrast analysis revealed that pollen grain volume was more strongly correlated with stigma depth than with style length, consistent with Darwin's functional hypothesis between pollen size and stigma depth.     

关于在神经外科实习教学中采用Web-CPBL教学模式的探讨

在医学生临床实习带教过程中,神经外科实习教学由于其教学内容具有专业性强、信息量大、知识更新快的特点,与其它专业相比更具难度,教学效果往往难达到预期水平。Web-CPBL教学模式,是将传统的PBL教学理念与网络信息技术有机融合,延伸和发展出的一种新型教学模式。在神经外科实习教学中,巧妙得当的借力于网络资源平台,有助于打破临床师资缺乏、实操场地不足的局限,能更充分的发挥PBL教学的优势。此模式在培养和锻炼医学生临床思维能力的同时,也帮助他们尽早养成主动学习、善于协作、乐于共享的良好学习习惯,提高其医学人文素养。     

专科层次临床医学专业课程建设效果调查分析

目的:了解临床医学专业课程建设情况,总结专科层次临床医学专业教育教学的主要成绩,查找专业建设存在的问题,为专科层次临床医学专业教育教学改革提出改进意见。方法:对我校2013届(应届生)306名、2011届和2012届(往届生)333名专科层次临床医学专业毕业生进行问卷调查,主要调查内容包括:课程内容、课程资源和课程评价。结果:专科层次临床医学专业毕业生认为本专业核心课程知识和技能模块设计合理,且应届毕业生认可度高于往届毕业生;对专业类纸质图书、纸质期刊等课程资源满意度高,认为专业类精品课程、教学视频等课程资源需要进一步改善;毕业生对专业知识考评认可度较高,应届生认可度优于往届生。结论:专科层次临床医学专业课程建设效果较好,特别是课程内容安排和课程评价合理,但在专业技能训练和课程资源建设方面需重点加强。     

Lifestyle factors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in UK Biobank: Implications for epidemiological research

BackgroundThe central role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in the diagnosis of prostate cancer leads to the possibility that observational studies that report associations between risk factors and prostate cancer could be affected by detection bias. This study aims to investigate whether reported risk factors for prostate cancer are associated with PSA testing in a large middle-aged population-based cohort in the UK.MethodsThe cross-sectional association between a wide range of sociodemographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics with PSA testing was examined in 212,039 men aged 40–69 years in UK Biobank.ResultsA total of 62,022 (29%) men reported they had ever had a PSA test. A wide range of factors was associated with a higher likelihood of PSA testing including age, height, education level, family history of prostate cancer, black ethnic origin, not being in paid/self-employment, living with a wife or partner, having had a vasectomy, being diagnosed with cancer or hypertension and having a high dietary intake of cereal, cooked and salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruit and tea. Conversely, socioeconomic deprivation, Asian ethnic origin, current smoking, low alcohol intake, high body-mass index, high coffee consumption and being diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease or stroke were associated with a lower likelihood of PSA testing.ConclusionsA variety of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related characteristics are associated with PSA testing, suggesting that observed associations of some of these traits with risk for prostate cancer in epidemiological studies may be, at least partially, due to detection bias.     

Behavioural Type Affects Space Use in a Wild Population of Crows (Corvus corone)

While personality‐dependent dispersal is well studied, local space use has received surprisingly little attention in this context, despite the multiple consequences on survival and fitness. Regarding the coping style of individuals, recent studies on personality‐dependent space use within a habitat indicate that ‘proactive’ individuals are wider ranging than ‘reactive’ ones. However, such studies are still scarce and cover limited taxonomic diversity, and thus, more research is needed to explore whether this pattern generalises across species. We examined the link between coping style and space use in a population of crows (Corvus corone) freely inhabiting the urban zoo of Vienna, Austria. We used a binary docility rating (struggle during handling vs. no struggle) and a tonic immobility test to quantify individual coping style. Individual space use was quantified as the number of different sites at which each crow was observed, and we controlled for different number of sightings per individual by creating a space use index. Only the binary docility rating showed repeatability over time, and significantly predicted space use. In contrast to previous studies, we found that reactive crows (no struggle during handling) showed wider ranging space use within the study site than proactive individuals (who struggled during handling). The discrepancy from previous results suggests that the relationship between behavioural type and space use may vary between species, potentially reflecting differences in socioecology.