鹦鹉源Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒F和HN基因序列测定与分析

禽副粘病毒(Avian paramyxovirus,APMV)属于副粘病毒科、副粘病毒亚科、腮腺炎病毒属,现已确定有9个血清型(APMV-1～9)。APMV-1血清型是禽类最重要的致病型,几乎所有禽种均对其敏感。该病毒是一种有囊膜的单股负链RNA病毒,由囊膜、核衣壳和核酸组成;基因组全长约15kb,     

PCR条件对扩增SARS-CoV多聚酶部分基因的影响

目的：对该实验室已建立的检测SARS冠状病毒多聚酶基因的套式RT-PCR方法进行优化。方法：从SAPS病人的嗽口水标本中提取RNA,调整套式PCR的退火温度,扩增SARS冠状病毒多聚酶部分基因。扩增出的阳性片段连接入pGEM-T载体中,测序后比较其与已知SARS冠状病毒的同源性。结果：通过改变PCR条件,成功从一SARS病人的嗽口水中扩增出SARS冠状病毒多聚酶部分基因。结论：针对不同标本优化PCR反应条件非常重要。     

减毒活疫苗中逆转录酶活性检测

逆转录酶 (RT)是目前发现的所有逆转录病毒的一个重要标志 ,凡是逆转录病毒均携带逆转录酶 ,逆转录酶活性的测定可以反映出制品中是否有逆转录病毒的污染 ,不受病毒基因序列的影响。采用PCR法进行逆转录酶活性检测方法 ,以整个生活周期中无DNA过程的MS2RNA为模板 ,设计一对引物 ,在逆转录系统中加入待检样品 ,经过RT PCR扩增后 ,放大检测对象物进行观察 ,从而了解制品中是否存在逆转录酶的污染 ,继而间接推测其是否污染逆转录病毒。对不同生物制品厂家生产的减毒活疫苗的逆转录酶活性进行检测 ,发现在一些疫苗里有逆转录酶活性阳性。     

人尿嘧啶糖基化酶cDNA的克隆及其在食管鳞癌组织中的检测

尿嘧啶糖基化酶是碱基切除修复过程的起始酶,对于维护基因稳定具有重要意义。在不同组织及不同细胞周期中,该酶的表达水平存在差异。通过反转录PCR克隆了人尿嘧啶糖基化酶的cDNA编码序列,进一步以克隆所得的已知UNG基因拷贝数的重组质粒作为定量标准,通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR测定了食管癌病人手术切除组织中尿嘧啶糖基化酶的mRNA水平,探讨了尿嘧啶糖基化酶表达水平与食管癌之间的联系。     

大白菜部分形态性状的QTL定位与分析

应用352个标记位点的大白菜AFLP和RAPD图谱和一套栽培品种间杂交获得的重组自交系群体,采用复合区间作图的方法对大白菜9个形态性状进行QTL定位及遗传效应研究。在14个连锁群上检测到50个QTL:其中控制株型的QTL有5个;控制株高的QTL有6个;控制开展度的QTL有5个;控制最大叶长的QTL有7个;控制最大叶宽的QTL有4个;控制叶形指数的QTL有6个;控制中肋长的QTL有7个;控制中肋宽的QTL有4个;控制抽苔的QTL有6个。另外,估算了单个QTL的遗传贡献率和加性效应。这将为大白菜品种改良中形态性状的分子标记辅助选择提供理论依据。     

通过图像分析方法作出的薏苡定量染色体图

薏苡染色体数目为2n=20,由于中期染色体的长度差异不大,相邻染色体难以区分,而薏苡前中期的染色体相对较长,经DAPI染料染色后染色体上显示明显不同的深染区和浅染区,深染区和浅染区分别相当于染色体上染色质纤维较浓缩和较伸展的区域。前中期染色体上染色深浅不一的染色区可以作为识别薏苡特定染色体的重要标志,也可用于辨别同源染色体。用MetaMorph软件定量分析了薏苡每条前中期染色体上(从短臂到长臂)DAPl信号强度的变化,结合染色体的长度和臂比作为辅助参数,构建了薏苡前中期染色体的定量染色体图。该定量染色体图不仅描述了每条染色体不同区域浓缩程度的不同,而且也反应出不同浓缩区域所占染色体长度的比例。因此该定量染色体图是实际的前中期染色体的一种直观模式,可作为识别薏苡基因组中每条染色体的有力依据。     

水稻柱头外露率的QTL分析

利用高柱头外露率的籼稻窄叶青8号(ZYQ8)和极低外露率的粳稻京系17(JX17)以及由它们构建的加倍单倍体(DH)群体,在海南对各DH株系的柱头外露率进行调查,并使用该群体的分子连锁图谱进行数量性状座位(QTL)分析。共检测到2个控制水稻柱头外露率的QTL(qPES-2,qPES-3),分别位于第2、第3染色体;并发现控制柱头单边外露率的QTL与柱头外露率完全一致,而控制柱头双边外露率的QTL在第2染色体上检测到;其增效基因均来源于ZYQ8。同时定位的控制穗粒数的QTL位于第6染色体和第8染色体上,与柱头外露率之间没有连锁关系。     

水稻外观品质的数量性状基因位点分析

利用由98个家系组成的Nipponbare(粳)／Kasalath(秒)∥Nipponbare回交重组自交系(backcross inbred lines,BILs)群体(BC1F9)及其分子连锁图谱,采用复合区间作图的方法,在2个不同年份对粒长、粒宽、粒形、垩白率、垩白大小、垩白度和透明度等7个稻米外观品质性状的数量性状基因位点(Quantiative trait loci,QTL)进行了定位分析。共定位到33个四QTLs,单个性状QTL数目在4-7个之间,以垩白率最多,为7个;粒长和垩白大小次之,为5个;其他性状均为4个,表明该组合外观品质是由多基因控制的数量性状。单个QTL对性状变异解释率粒长为6．2％-15．2％,粒宽为8．3％-32．5％,长宽比为6．8％-19．8％,垩白率为6．4％-28．5％,垩白大小为6．1％-16．9％,垩白度为9．3％-17．2％,透明度为5．6％-25．2％．QTL在染色体上成集中分布的特点,第3染色体C1488-C563、第5染色体R830-R3166和R1436-R2289、第6染色体R2147-R2171均有3个以上的QTLs分布。比较2年的检测结果表明,外观品质性状的QTL定位都受环境影响,但不同性状受影响的程度差异很大。粒长和粒形的QTL定位受环境影响很小,垩白率、垩白大小和垩白度的QTL定位受环境影响很大。     

Molecular analysis of methanogenic archaeal communities in managed and natural upland pasture soils

Grassland management influences soil archaeal communities, which appear to be dominated by nonthermophilic crenarchaeotes. To determine whether methanogenic Archaea associated with the Euryarchaeota lineage are also present in grassland soils, anaerobic microcosms containing both managed (improved) and natural (unimproved) grassland rhizosphere soils were incubated for 28 days to encourage the growth of anaerobic Archaea. The contribution of potential methanogenic organisms to the archaeal community was assessed by the molecular analysis of RNA extracted from soil, using primers targeting all Archaea and Euryarchaeota. Archaeal RT‐PCR products were obtained from all anaerobic microcosms. However, euryarchaeal RT‐PCR products (of putative methanogen origin) were obtained only from anaerobic microcosms of improved soil, their presence coinciding with detectable methane production. Sequence analysis of excised denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands revealed the presence of euryarchaeal organisms that could not be detected before anaerobic enrichment. These data indicate that nonmethanogenic Crenarchaeota dominate archaeal communities in grassland soil and suggest that management practices encourage euryarchaeal methanogenic activity.     

Cyclooxygenase expression is elevated in retinoic acid-differentiated U937 cells

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins in monocytes/macrophages. The COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and may be involved in cellular homeostasis, whereas the COX-2 is an inducible enzyme that may play an important role in inflammation and mitogenesis. When U937 monocytic cells were incubated with retinoic acid (RA) for 48 h, cell differentiation took place with concomitant increases in prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production and COX activity. In this study, the mechanism of RA (all-trans- or 9-cis-RA)-induced enhancement of PGE₂ biosynthesis in U937 cells was examined. Treatment of cells with all-trans- or 9-cis-RA up to 48 h caused an increase in PGE₂ production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Both RA isomers caused the enhancement of PGE₂ production and the up-regulation of COX-1 expression at the protein and mRNA levels. The increase in COX-1 mRNA was found to precede the increase in COX-1 protein expression. Interestingly, the COX-2 protein and COX-2 mRNA were not detected in U937 cells, and their levels remained undetectable during the entire course of RA treatment. We conclude that treatment of U937 cells by RA for 48 h caused the initiation of cell differentiation, which was found to be concomitant with a significant increase in PGE₂ production mediated via the up-regulation of COX-1 mRNA and protein expression.