南方水稻黑条矮缩病对褐飞虱和白背飞虱体内三种保护酶活性的影响

为探寻植物感染病毒病后对刺吸性害虫体内生化酶活性的影响,本文研究了感染南方水稻矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)的水稻对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera成虫及若虫体内三种保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,取食染病水稻的白背飞虱和褐飞虱成虫及若虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)的活性均随取食时间的延长而增加。在带毒水稻上取食12 h后,白背飞虱成虫、褐飞虱成虫、若虫体内SOD活性与对照比差异不显著外,其他均显著高于对照;取食24 h后,白背飞虱若虫体内SOD、POD活性和褐飞虱若虫SOD活性虽高于对照但未达显著水平;取食5 d后,白背飞虱若虫、褐飞虱成虫、若虫POD活性未达显著外,其他均显著高于对照。以上研究结果可为进一步研究植物-病毒-寄主三种之间的关系提供参考。     

芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉的制备及稳定性研究

目的:利用喷雾干燥工艺制备芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉,并研究菌粉的活性及稳定性。方法:以脱脂乳、海藻糖、β-环糊精和谷氨酸钠为保护剂,采用喷雾干燥(条件为:进口温度100℃,出口温度50～60℃,进样速度2～4mL/min)制备芽孢杆菌菌粉,以喷干存活率和菌粉活菌数为指标,选择最佳制备条件。结果:获得喷干保护剂配方为脱脂乳10.0%、海藻糖6.0%、β-环糊精13.0%、谷氨酸钠15.0%,喷干存活率为65.9%,菌粉活菌数为1.38×109CFU/g,存放180 d后菌粉活菌数为1.03×10~9CFU/g。结论:喷雾干燥工艺可以用于芽孢杆菌dhs-330-021菌粉的制备,获得的菌粉稳定性较好。     

副溶血弧菌SH112株OmpA蛋白的高效表达及免疫学特性

【目的】我们前期研究表明副溶血弧菌SH112株的OmpA蛋白在该菌的致病过程中发挥重要作用,是亚单位疫苗研制的潜在靶标抗原。本研究进一步对ompA(VPA1186)基因进行克隆表达,并研究其免疫学特性。【方法】扩增去除信号肽序列的成熟外膜蛋白OmpA的基因片段,定向克隆至表达载体,基因测序后对其编码蛋白质进行生物信息学分析。重组蛋白His-OmpA经纯化后,免疫ICR小鼠制备鼠多抗血清。Western blotting检测该蛋白的免疫原性及鼠多抗血清的特异性。动物实验验证其免疫保护率。【结果】成功表达分子量约为40.0 kDa的重组蛋白His-OmpA。制备的鼠多抗血清ELISA效价可达1∶50000以上。Westernblotting检测结果显示,该血清可与His-OmpA蛋白、总外膜蛋白和全菌蛋白发生特异性反应,说明所表达的目的蛋白保持原蛋白的免疫原性。此外,该高免血清可与其他主要血清型的副溶血弧菌发生特异性交叉反应,而与其他非副溶血弧菌菌株无交叉反应,表明该血清特异性较高,且提示OmpA蛋白可能是副溶血弧菌属的共同保护性抗原。小鼠免疫保护实验结果表明,该蛋白可提供约35%的免疫保护率。【结论】OmpA蛋白可作为诊断副溶血弧菌感染和亚单位疫苗研制的靶蛋白,为进一步开展该蛋白的功能研究提供了参考。     

Protective immunity induced by vaccination with SAG1 gene-transfected cells against Toxoplasma gondii-infection in mice

To develop a vaccine by augmenting the protective cellular immunity against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-infection, T gondii SAG1 gene-transfectants were established by using RMA.S (H-2b), a murine transporter associated with the antigen processing (TAP) molecule-deficient lymphoma line, as a host antigen-presenting cell (APC). Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with the SAG1-transfected RMA.S induced CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for not only SAG1-transfected RMA.S but also T gondii-infected RMA.S, and elicited protective responses to infection with a virulent T. gondii strain, RH.     

Anthrax toxin triggers endocytosis of its receptor via a lipid raft-mediated clathrin-dependent process

The protective antigen (PA) of the anthrax toxin binds to a cell surface receptor and thereby allows lethal factor (LF) to be taken up and exert its toxic effect in the cytoplasm. Here, we report that clustering of the anthrax toxin receptor (ATR) with heptameric PA or with an antibody sandwich causes its association to specialized cholesterol and glycosphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane (lipid rafts). We find that although endocytosis of ATR is slow, clustering it into rafts either via PA heptamerization or using an antibody sandwich is necessary and sufficient to trigger efficient internalization and allow delivery of LF to the cytoplasm. Importantly, altering raft integrity using drugs prevented LF delivery and cleavage of cytosolic MAPK kinases, suggesting that lipid rafts could be therapeutic targets for drugs against anthrax. Moreover, we show that internalization of PA is dynamin and Eps15 dependent, indicating that the clathrin-dependent pathway is the major route of anthrax toxin entry into the cell. The present work illustrates that although the physiological role of the ATR is unknown, its trafficking properties, i.e., slow endocytosis as a monomer and rapid clathrin-mediated uptake on clustering, make it an ideal anthrax toxin receptor.     

Production, recovery and immunogenicity of the protective antigen from a recombinant strain of Bacillus anthracis

The protective antigen (PA) is one of the three components of the anthrax toxin. It is a secreted nontoxic protein with a molecular weight of 83 kDa and is the major component of the currently licensed human vaccine for anthrax. Due to limitations found in the existing vaccine formulation, it has been proposed that genetically modified PA may be more effective as a vaccine. The expression and the stability of two recombinant PA (rPA) variants, PA-SNKE-ΔFF-E308D and PA-N657A, were studied. These proteins were expressed in the nonsporogenic avirulent strain BH445. Initial results indicated that PA-SNKE-ΔFF-E308D, which lacks two proteolysis-sensitive sites, is more stable than PA-N657A. Process development was conducted to establish an efficient production and purification process for PA-SNKE-ΔFF-E308D. pH, media composition, growth strategy and protease inhibitors composition were analyzed. The production process chosen was based on batch growth of B. anthracis using tryptone and yeast extract as the only source of carbon, pH control at 7.5, and antifoam 289. Optimal harvest time was 14–18 h after inoculation, and EDTA (5 mM) was added upon harvest for proteolysis control. Recovery of the rPA was performed by expanded-bed adsorption (EBA) on a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) resin, eliminating the need for centrifugation, microfiltration and diafiltration. The EBA step was followed by ion exchange and gel filtration. rPA yields before and after purification were 130 and 90 mg/l, respectively. The purified rPA, without further treatment, treated with small amounts of formalin or adsorbed on alum, induced, high levels of IgG anti-PA with neutralization activities. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 232–238 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000239 Received 28 August 2001/ Accepted in revised form 20 December 2001     

Study on the mechanism of cerium nitrate effects on germination of aged rice seed

Attempts were made to promote germination of naturally and artificially aged rice seeds by treating them with cerium nitrate. The germination rate, germination index, and vigor index of aged rice seed were significantly increased by cerium. It was because the treatments of aged rice seed with cerium nitrate enhanced respiratory rate and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, and decreased superoxide O₂ ⁻ and malondialdehyde contents that plasma membrane permeability was reduced. It was suggested that cerium be used for the seed treatment before sowing.     

内生真菌Alternaria sp. GHX-P17代谢产物防治广藿香青枯病及保护酶的变化

广藿香是著名药材,青枯病是威胁广藿香生产和质量的主要病害。针对从广藿香茎叶中分离出的1株有抑菌活性的内生真菌Alternaria sp. GHX-P17,研究其代谢产物对广藿香青枯病的防治作用及耐病机制。在室内通过人工接种Alternaria sp. GHX-P17菌株与喷施粗提物稀释液2种方式,于不同时间调查广藿香青枯病的发病率和严重度,并计算其病情指数(disease index,DI)。同时,对处理后不同时间的广藿香苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)3种保护酶活性进行测定。结果表明:(1)Alternaria sp. GHX-P17处理后青枯病DI显著降低,与对照比较,204 h后DI降低为27.16%,方差分析呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。(2)随着处理时间延长,青枯病严重度升高缓慢,严重度等级降低,到204 h时,处理组的严重度明显低于对照,防治效果达到74.65%。(3)处理后的广藿香3种保护酶PAL、POD和SOD活性增强,但3种酶活性高峰出现时间不同。PAL随时间逐渐升高; POD先升高后降低,然后又升高,出现2个峰值; SOD快速升高后逐渐降低。这表明内生真菌菌株Alternaria sp. GHX-P17可以提高广藿香3种保护酶活性,延缓了青枯菌的侵染过程,降低了青枯病的发病程度。该研究结果为植物内生真菌次级代谢产物活性成分研究及生物农药开发提供了参考。     

百日咳杆菌粘附素对猪源支气管败血波氏杆菌的保护性抗原的筛选

摘要：【目的】本研究通过百日咳杆菌黏附素(PRN)基因的分段克隆表达及其在BALB/c小鼠的主动和被动免疫保护试验筛选PRN中的保护性抗原肽。【方法和结果】利用大肠杆菌进行PRN的完整蛋白、N端和C端多肽及其RI和RII区域多肽（双拷贝）的表达,命名为GST-PRN、GST-PN、GST-PC、GST-2PRI和GST-2PRII。Western blot检测证实5种表达产物均具有良好的反应原性。在主动免疫保护试验中,5种表达产物均能诱导小鼠产生较高的PRN抗体水平;当使用3 LD50的支气管败血波氏杆菌     

猪丹毒丝菌天然SpaA和重组SpaA-N免疫保护效果的评价

【目的】本试验以小鼠为动物模型,评估了猪丹毒丝菌重组表面保护性抗原A的N端保护区域(rSpaA-N)和天然SpaA的免疫保护效果。【方法】将猪丹毒丝菌C43311株SpaA-N以可溶形式表达在大肠杆菌BL21中,用GST Bind Resin纯化试剂盒纯化rSpaA-N,采用电洗脱法从猪丹毒丝菌C43311株NaOH提取抗原中纯化天然SpaA,将rSpaA-N、天然SpaA和NaOH提取抗原制成亚单位疫苗,同时设GST及生理盐水对照组,间隔2周分3次皮下免疫小鼠,第3次免疫后2周用100LD50猪丹毒丝菌C43065株进行腹腔攻毒,采用间接ELISA方法检测免疫组小鼠血清的抗体动态变化。【结果】SDS-PAGE结果显示,采用GST Bind Resin纯化试剂盒和电洗脱法纯化得到了66kDa的rSpaA-N和64kDa的天然SpaA,蛋白含量分别为1.34mg/mL和1.26mg/mL,而Western印迹结果表明rSpaA-N和纯化前后的SpaA具有良好的免疫反应性。保护试验结果表明,不同免疫剂量的rSpaA-N组、天然SpaA组和NaOH提取抗原组均能完全保护小鼠受强毒株C43065的致死性攻击,而GST组和生理盐水组小鼠攻毒后全部死亡。ELISA检测结果表明,在不同免疫剂量的rSpaA-N组、天然SpaA组和NaOH提取抗原组小鼠血清中的抗体效价之间无显著差异(P0.05)。【结论】本研究结果表明rSpaA-N具有良好的免疫保护作用,可以作为猪丹毒亚单位疫苗。