细菌性前列腺炎患者前列腺液菌群调查及耐药谱分析

目的了解细菌性前列腺炎患者菌群分布及其耐药现状,更有效地对细菌性前列腺炎进行预防控制。方法对我院2005年10月至2007年9月拟诊为细菌性前列腺炎的患者266例,取前列腺液做细菌需氧及5%CO2环境培养,以Phoenix 100型全自动细菌分析系统进行菌种鉴定及药物敏感试验,综合分析结果。结果266例患者中前列腺液培养阳性者204例,阳性率为76.69%。其中葡萄球菌152株,占检出菌株数的74.51%。检出主要细菌为：溶血葡萄球菌82株（40.2%）,表皮葡萄球菌34株（16.67%）,粪肠球菌25株（12.25%）,头状葡萄球菌10株（4.9%）,金黄色葡萄球菌5株（2.45%）。葡萄球菌对氨苄西林、青霉素耐药率达到100%,对万古霉素、呋喃妥因、吗啉噁酮敏感率分别为100%、95.9%、95.1%。结论细菌性前列腺炎患者多由条件致病菌感染所致,尤其以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌感染多见,患者年龄呈逐渐年轻化趋势;万古霉素、呋喃妥因、吗啉噁酮对葡萄球菌高度敏感。     

Assessment of Perigenital Sensitivity and Prostatic Mast Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Neonatal Maternal Separation

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has a lifetime prevalence of 14% and is the most common urological diagnosis for men under the age of 50, yet it is the least understood and studied chronic pelvic pain disorder. A significant subset of patients with chronic pelvic pain report having experienced early life stress or abuse, which can markedly affect the functioning and regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Mast cell activation, which has been shown to be increased in both urine and expressed prostatic secretions of CP/CPPS patients, is partially regulated by downstream activation of the HPA axis. Neonatal maternal separation (NMS) has been used for over two decades to study the outcomes of early life stress in rodent models, including changes in the HPA axis and visceral sensitivity. Here we provide a detailed protocol for using NMS as a preclinical model of CP/CPPS in male C57BL/6 mice. We describe the methodology for performing NMS, assessing perigenital mechanical allodynia, and histological evidence of mast cell activation. We also provide evidence that early psychological stress can have long-lasting effects on the male urogenital system in mice.     

PCR for diagnosis of male Trichomonas vaginalis infection with chronic prostatitis and urethritis

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of PCR for diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among male patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis and urethritis. Between June 2001 and December 2003, a total of 33 patients visited the Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital and were examined for T. vaginalis infection by PCR and culture in TYM medium. For the PCR, we used primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from T. vaginalis (TV-E650). Voided bladder urine (VB1 and VB3) was sampled from 33 men with symptoms of lower urinary tract infection (urethral charge, residual urine sensation, and frequency). Culture failed to detect any T. vaginalis infection whereas PCR identified 7 cases of trichomoniasis (21.2%). Five of the 7 cases had been diagnosed with prostatitis and 2 with urethritis. PCR for the 5 prostatitis cases yielded a positive 330 bp band from bothVB1 and VB3, whereas positive results were only obtained from VB1 for the 2 urethritis patients. We showed that the PCR method could detect T. vaginalis when there was only 1 T. vaginalis cell per PCR mixture. Our results strongly support the usefulness of PCR on urine samples for detecting T. vaginalis in chronic prostatitis and urethritis patients.     

Measurement of Tactile Allodynia in a Murine Model of Bacterial Prostatitis

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are pathogens that play an important role in urinary tract infections and bacterial prostatitis¹. We have recently shown that UPEC have an important role in the initiation of chronic pelvic pain², a feature of Chronic prostatitis/Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS)^3,4. Infection of the prostate by clinically relevant UPEC can initiate and establish chronic pain through mechanisms that may involve tissue damage and the initiation of mechanisms of autoimmunity⁵.A challenge to understanding the pathogenesis of UPEC in the prostate is the relative inaccessibility of the prostate gland to manipulation. We utilized a previously described intraurethral infection method⁶ to deliver a clinical strain of UPEC into male mice thereby establishing an ascending infection of the prostate. Here, we describe our protocols for standardizing the bacterial inoculum⁷ as well as the procedure for catheterizing anesthetized male mice for instillation of bacteria.CP/CPPS is primarily characterized by the presence of tactile allodynia⁴. Behavior testing was based on the concept of cutaneous hyperalgesia resulting from referred visceral pain^8-10. An irritable focus in visceral tissues reduces cutaneous pain thresholds allowing for an exaggerated response to normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). Application of normal force to the skin result in abnormal responses that tend to increase with the intensity of the underlying visceral pain. We describe methodology in NOD/ShiLtJ mice that utilize von Frey fibers to quantify tactile allodynia over time in response to a single infection with UPEC bacteria.     

高龄Ⅲ型前列腺炎患者血清和前列腺液中神经生长因子、炎性因子的表达水平及临床意义

目的:探讨高龄Ⅲ型慢性前列腺炎(CP)患者血清和前列腺液(EPS)中神经生长因子(NGF)、炎性因子的表达水平及其临床意义。方法:收集2015年5月~2016年12月我院收治的150例高龄Ⅲ型CP患者(CP组),其中ⅢA型81例,ⅢB型69例,另选择150例健康体检者作为对照(对照组)。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ABC-ELISA)检测其血清、EPS中NGF、IL-8和TNF-α的表达水平,分析NIH-CPSI、NGF、IL-8和TNF-α之间的相关性。结果:CP组血清、EPS中TNF-α、IL-8、NGF水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05);与IIIB型患者比较,IIIA型患者TNF-α、IL-8水平明显升高(P0.05);EPS中TNF-α、IL-8、NGF水平均明显高于血清(P0.05)。IIIB型患者的NIH-CPSI症状评分明显低于IIIA型(P0.05)。CP患者EPS中NGF和TNF-α、IL-8均呈显著正相关(P0.05);血清中NGF和TNF-α、IL-8亦呈显著正相关(P0.05)。III型CP患者血清、EPS中,TNF-α、IL-8、NGF与NIH-CPSI呈显著正相关(P0.05)。结论:高龄III型CP患者血清、EPS中TNF-α、IL-8、NGF表达水平明显升高,且与NIH-CPSI明显相关,联合检测有助于评估III型CP患者的病情严重程度。     

Single‐cell multi‐omics analysis presents the landscape of peripheral blood T‐cell subsets in human chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Cumulative evidence suggests that abnormal differentiation of T lymphocytes influences the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). Thus, understanding the immune activation landscape of CP/CPPS would be helpful for improving therapeutic strategies. Here, we utilized BD™ AbSeq to digitally quantify both the protein and mRNA expression levels in single peripheral blood T cells from two CP/CPPS patients and two healthy controls. We utilized an integrated strategy based on canonical correlation analysis of 10 000+ AbSeq profiles and identified fifteen unique T‐cell subpopulations. Notably, we found that the proportion of cluster 0 in the CP/CPPS group (30.35%) was significantly increased compared with the proportion in the healthy control group (9.38%); cluster 0 was defined as effector T cells based on differentially expressed genes/proteins. Flow cytometry assays confirmed that the proportions of effector T‐cell subpopulations, particularly central memory T cells, T helper (Th)1, Th17 and Th22 cells, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations of patients with CP/CPPS were significantly increased compared with those of healthy controls (P < 0.05), further confirming that aberration of effector T cells possibly leads to or intensifies CP/CPPS. Our results provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of CP/CPPS, which will be beneficial for its treatment.     

慢性前列腺炎患者假丝酵母菌感染及耐药性分析

目的 了解慢性前列腺炎与假丝酵母菌感染的相关性及假丝酵母菌的耐药性。方法 采用常规沙堡平板分离360例慢性前列腺炎患者的前列腺液标本中的假丝酵母菌,疑似菌落用ATB Expression鉴定仪进行鉴定。采用ATB-Fungus真菌药敏板,对假丝酵母菌株进行药敏试验。结果 11．7％前列腺液标本（42／360）似丝酵母菌阳性,其中自假丝酵母菌23例（54．7％）,近平滑假丝酵母菌13例（30．9％）,其它6例（14．3％）。假丝酵母菌菌株对两性霉素B和制霉菌素敏感率均为100％,其次为酮康唑,敏感率为97．0％;对5-氟胞嘧啶耐药性最强,其耐药率为56．5％。结论 白假丝酵母菌和近平滑假丝酵母菌是慢性前列腺炎假丝酵母菌感染的优势菌种,假丝酵母菌株最敏感的药物是两性霉素B和制霉菌素。     

Overexpression of lncRNA GAS5 suppresses prostatic epithelial cell proliferation by regulating COX-2 in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis

Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) is a common urologic disease that is linked to the development of prostate cancer. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 has been identified to mediate cell proliferation in prostate cancer, although its role in CNP is still unclear. Human prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic CNP model in vitro. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression of GAS5 and COX-2, while western blotting was used to evaluate the protein expression of COX-2. The interaction between GAS5 and COX-2 was determined using RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay. The expression of GAS5 was decreased, while COX-2 was increased in prostatitis tissues and in LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells. The overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the protein level of COX-2, and inhibited cell proliferation of LPS-induced RWPE-1 cells and HPECs, which was rescued by the co-transfection with pcDNA-GAS5 and pcDNA-COX-2. GAS5 was confirmed to promote the ubiquitination of COX-2, and the in vivo GAS5-overexpressed CNP rat model decreased the motor scores, the volume of prostate tissues, the average number of inflammatory cells, prostatic proliferation, and COX-2 expression. Our findings revealed that overexpression of GAS5 inhibited cell proliferation via negatively regulating the expression of COX-2, thus alleviating the progression of CNP.     

Prostate inflammation and its potential impact on prostate cancer: a current review

Recent studies have identified a role for inflammation in the development and progression of several cancers, such as liver, stomach and the large intestine. Data from several studies has shown correlations between soluble inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. However, a direct relationship between inflammation and prostate cancer has yet to be identified. Two major hurdles currently exist which limit the study of this relationship are first that animal models available for studying prostate inflammation are limited, and secondly that relatively little is known about the inflammatory response in the prostate. Here we first review the data demonstrating a correlation between inflammation and prostate cancer as well as review what is currently known about the inflammatory response in the prostate and the impact this inflammation has on the prostate tissue.