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71.
Hubert E. Blum 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2010,14(9):2257-2263
Molecular and cell biology have revolutionized not only diagnosis, therapy and prevention of human diseases but also greatly contributed to the understanding of their pathogenesis. Based on modern molecular and biochemical methods it is possible to identify on the one hand point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms. On the other hand, using high throughput array technologies, it is possible to analyse thousands of genes or gene products simultaneously, resulting in an individual gene or gene expression profile (signature). These data increasingly allow to define the individual risk for a given disease and to predict the individual prognosis of a disease as well as the efficacy of therapeutic strategies (individualized medicine). In the following sections some of the recent advances of predictive medicine and their clinical relevance will be addressed. 相似文献
72.
虫草素生理功效的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了虫草素生理功效的研究进展。虫草素的分子结构为3′-脱氧腺苷,它具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫等作用,在医药、食品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
73.
Neurotrophins are usually viewed as secreted proteins that control long-term survival and differentiation of neurons. However,
recent studies have established that among the most important functions of neurotrophins is their capacity to regulate synaptic
functions and plasticity. When altering synaptic function, neurotrophins are able to produce two types of outcomes, an immediate
effect on synaptic transmission and long-term control of synaptic structure and function. The first effect occurs within seconds
or minutes after the neurotrophic factor has been applied and usually involves acute modification of synaptic transmission.
The second effect takes hours and days, as protein synthesis is required to complete the structural changes. Neurotrophins
and their receptors are expressed within the neuromuscular system, making these agents ideal candidates for the short-and
long-term regulation of skeletal muscle function. For instance, neurotrophins can alter neuromuscular function acutely, by
modulating the amount of neurotransmitter released with each nerve impulse, or chronically, by changing postsynaptic properties
or the content and size of synaptic vesicles. It is obvious that the effects of neurotrophins depend on the specific neurotrophin
involved (four neurotrophins have been found in mammals; these are nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor,
and neurotrophins-3 and-4) and on the specific synapse being studied. Growing evidence highlights the role of neurotrophins
in the development and function of neuromuscular synapses. This review will examine the role of neurotrophins in the regulation
of neuromuscular transmission.
Neirofiziologiya/Neurophysiology, Vol. 39, Nos. 4/5, pp. 327–337, July–October, 2007. 相似文献
74.
Prevalence of duodenal ulcer-promoting gene (dupA) of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer in North Indian population 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arachchi HS Kalra V Lal B Bhatia V Baba CS Chakravarthy S Rohatgi S Sarma PM Mishra V Das B Ahuja V 《Helicobacter》2007,12(6):591-597
BACKGROUND: The duodenal ulcer (DU)-promoting gene (dupA) of Helicobacter pylori has been identified as a novel virulent marker associated with an increased risk for DU. The presence or absence of dupA gene of H. pylori present in patients with DU and functional dyspepsia in North Indian population was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybridization analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six patients (96 DU and 70 functional dyspepsia) were included in this study. In addition, sequence diversity of dupA gene of H. pylori found in these patients was analyzed by sequencing the PCR products jhp0917 and jhp0918 on both strands with appropriate primers. RESULTS: PCR and hybridization analyses indicated that dupA gene was present in 37.5% (36/96) of H. pylori strains isolated from DU patients and 22.86% (16/70) of functional dyspepsia patients (p < or = .05). Of these, 35 patients with DU (97.2%) and 14 patients with functional dyspepsia (81.25%) were infected by H. pylori positive for cagA genotype. Furthermore, the presence of dupA was significantly associated with the cagA-positive genotype (p < or = .02). CONCLUSION: Results of our study have shown that significant association of dupA gene with DU in this population. The dupA gene can be considered as a novel virulent marker for DU in this population. 相似文献
75.
During prepupal stage, the genes expression in silkgland is considered as a model for gene expression and regulation of eukaryotes. Aiming to comprehensively interpret gene expression profile in the silkgland, we collected all currently available EST, complete cDNA and protein expression information and other gene expression testing data published before, and explored their roles in their function pathways level. With the analysis of interaction between the known proteins and putative bio-macromolecules partners in silico, we list our prediction results in the form of pathway classification and test some of their expressions by experiments. 相似文献
76.
77.
Plant Growth‐promoting Fungus Penicillium oxalicum Enhances Plant Growth and Induces Resistance in Pearl Millet Against Downy Mildew Disease
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Plant Growth‐promoting Fungus (PGPF) Penicillium oxalicum was isolated from rhizosphere soil of pearl millet and was tested for its ability to promote growth and induce systemic resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease. The fungal isolate P. oxalicum UOM PGPF 16 was identified as P. oxalicum using ITS sequencing and morphological analysis and sequence was deposited at NCBI with accession number KF150220. Pearl millet susceptible seeds were treated with three different inducers (CS, CF and LCF) of PGPF P. oxalicum and all the inducers significantly reduced the downy mildew disease and enhanced plant growth. Among the inducers tested, CS treatment recorded highest seed germination of 91% and 1427 seedling vigour followed by LCF and CF treatments. The vegetative growth parameter and NPK uptake studies under greenhouse conditions revealed that the CS treatment of P. oxalicum remarkably enhanced the parameters tested when compared to control plants. A significant disease protection of 62% and 58% against downy mildew disease was observed in plants pretreated with CS of P. oxalicum under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. The spatio‐temporal studies revealed that inducers P. oxalicum required a minimum of 3 days for developing maximum disease resistance which was maintained thereafter. The maximum Peroxidase (POX) activity (62.7 U) was observed at 24 h in seedlings treated with CS of PGPF P. oxalicum and the activity gradually reduced at later time points after pathogen inoculation. Chitinase (CHT) activity was significantly higher in inducer treated seedlings when compared to control seedlings inoculated with pathogen after 48 h and remained constant at all time points. 相似文献
78.
采用悬液定量杀菌试验,对苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物的协同杀菌效果进行了实验室研究。研究发现,0.1%苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物混合溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、白假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉均呈现出显著的协同杀菌作用。结果表明,苯扎溴铵与艾叶水提物具有良好的协同杀菌效果。 相似文献
79.
Native to Asia, mile-a-minute Persicaria perfoliata, is an invasive weed in North America, and the weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes is a host-specific insect agent which occurs widely in China. We conducted a common garden experiment to compare P. perfoliata plant responses of native and invasive populations to herbivory by the weevils from different origins. We found weevils from Hunan, Hubei and Heilongjiang Provinces had strong, moderate and weak ability to suppress host plant, respectively. Weevils from Hunan and Hubei Provinces had stronger impact on the growth of both native and invasive plant populations than the weevil from Heilongjiang Province. The losses in seed output of invasive plants were also significantly greater than natives in the weevil treatments. Our results suggested that the weevil population from Hunan Province may be the most suitable for the control of mile-a-minute, while the population from Heilongjiang Province may be the least suitable due to climate matching. 相似文献
80.
McShane H 《Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences》2011,366(1579):2782-2789
Tuberculosis (TB) disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) remains one of the leading infectious causes of death and disease throughout the world. The only licensed vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) confers highly variable protection against pulmonary disease. An effective vaccination regimen would be the most efficient way to control the epidemic. However, BCG does confer consistent and reliable protection against disseminated disease in childhood, and most TB vaccine strategies being developed incorporate BCG to retain this protection. Cellular immunity is necessary for protection against TB and all the new vaccines in development are focused on inducing a strong and durable cellular immune response. There are two main strategies being pursued in TB vaccine development. The first is to replace BCG with an improved whole organism mycobacterial priming vaccine, which is either a recombinant BCG or an attenuated strain of M. tb. The second is to develop a subunit boosting vaccine, which is designed to be administered after BCG vaccination, and to enhance the protective efficacy of BCG. This article reviews the leading candidate vaccines in development and considers the current challenges in the field with regard to efficacy testing. 相似文献