改性聚二甲基硅氧烷 (iPDMS) 蛋白芯片在肿瘤相关抗原自身抗体筛查中的应用

肿瘤标记的快速筛查是临床早期诊断的难题。利用化学发光蛋白质芯片技术,对低丰度的肿瘤相关抗原的自身抗体进行高灵敏度的筛选,是一种有益的尝试。本研究首先将带烯烃末端的、引发聚合反应的表面引发剂加入到常规聚二甲基硅氧烷材料中,再通过热交联反应固定到聚二甲基硅氧烷的三维结构中,形成改性聚二甲基硅氧烷 (iPDMS)。为了使iPDMS材料具有抗蛋白质非特异性吸附的特性,在活性引发位点处通过表面引发的原子转移自由基聚合反应合成poly(OEGMA) 高分子刷。最后将20种肿瘤相关的抗原利用高通量喷点打印技术打印到芯片的特定区域,并组装成iPDMS芯片的48孔检测微孔板。对临床上常见的8种肿瘤患者血清进行分析,发现VEGFR1和VEGF121自身抗体对常见的8种肿瘤具有检测价值,有望成为肿瘤快速筛查的检测指标。     

绿盲蝽捕食棉铃虫卵的CO Ⅰ标记检测方法

绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür不仅取食棉花等多种农作物,而且还具有一定的捕食行为。利用棉铃虫细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ（COⅠ）的基因序列,设计了检测绿盲蝽对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner卵捕食作用的特异引物。PCR分析结果表明,该引物可特异性检测绿盲蝽体内棉铃虫卵DNA片段,取食3粒棉铃虫卵绿盲蝽的检测半衰期为1.77 h。此检测方法为进一步评价绿盲蝽在农业生态系统中的地位与功能提供了技术平台。     

红鲫C1HD近交系RAPD标记的建立

目的建立红鲫C1HD近交系的RAPD标记。方法从80条随机引物中筛选出20条扩增效果和多态性较好的引物,对8尾红鲫C1HD近交系和8尾普通红鲫基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增。结果S333引物扩增出一条特异性条带,大小约为2.1 kb。结论S333引物扩增出的特异性条带可以作为区分普通红鲫与红鲫C1HD近交系的分子遗传标记。     

Development of nuclear microsatellite markers for the threatened wetland plant Geranium soboliferum var. kiusianum (Geraniaceae)

Nuclear microsatellite markers were developed for the threatened plant Geranium soboliferum var. kiusianum, which has decreased its population size as a result of loss of its wetland habitat in Kyushu, Japan. Utilizing RNA‐seq data obtained by next‐generation sequencing techniques, 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers with 3–16 alleles in a nuclear genome were developed and characterized. Two to 15 alleles were observed in G. soboliferum. These markers will be used to investigate the genetic circumstance of remnant populations of G. soboliferum var. kiusianum and their phylogenetic relationship with G. soboliferum.     

芽孢杆菌TS02特异RAPD标记的SCAR标记转化和验证

利用自主分离的蜡状芽孢杆菌菌株TS02,采用RAPD 方法对TS02及其同源性相近的5株芽孢杆菌(地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌)进行了RAPD条带特异性分析,从TS02基因组中筛选获得了一个533 bp的特异RAPD标记TSR1.TSR1克隆、测序后,根据其序列设计出一对特异引物P1/P2进行扩增,结果只在TS02中扩增得到目的片段,而其余对照菌株扩增为阴性,从而证明试验得到了在种水平上对该菌种进行准确鉴定的特异SCAR标记.     

微卫星DNA标记技术及其在植物研究中的应用

微卫星DNA(或简单重复序列,simplesequencerepeats,SSR)是继RFLP、RAPD等分子标记后出现的第二代分子标记技术。随着分子生物学的发展,微卫星标记技术在植物基因组中的应用越来越广泛。由于SSR具有多态性高,呈共显性遗传,遵守孟德尔式分离,在数量上没有生物学的限制,实验操作简单,对样品质量要求不高等特点,因此被广泛用于植物遗传图谱的构建、基因定位、构建指纹图谱、遗传多样性及物种进化与亲缘关系的研究等方面。     

三倍体白杨杂种无性系指纹图谱的构建

目的:构建三倍体白杨杂种无性系指纹图谱,鉴定三倍体白杨杂种无性系。方法:分离纯化三倍体白杨杂种DNA模板,采用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分子标记技术构建三倍体白杨杂种无性系指纹图谱。结果:从64对引物组合中筛选出M-CTA/E-CAG、M-CAC/E-CCA、M-ACT/E-CTC和M-CTT/E-CTG等4对多态性较高的引物组合,并应用该引物组合对21个三倍体白杨杂种无性系进行了AFLP分析,构建了21个三倍体白杨杂种无性系指纹图谱。结论:构建无性系指纹图谱是鉴别三倍体白杨杂种无性系的有效方法,能够有效鉴别21个三倍体白杨杂种无性系。本研究为品种鉴定及新品种权保护奠定了基础。     

The high level of wide-compatibility of variety ‘Dular’ has a complex genetic basis

Wide-compatibility varieties (WCVs) are a special class of rice germplasm that is able to produce fertile hybrids when crossed to both indica and japonica rice varieties. WCVs may differ greatly in their spectrum and level of compatibility. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic basis of wide-compatibility conferred by ‘Dular’, a landrace variety from India that has demonstrated a high level of wide-compatibility in previous studies with a broad range of indica and japonica varieties. A three-way cross (‘Balilla/Dular//Nanjing 11’) was made and the resulting F₁ population evaluated in the field for spikelet fertility. A total of 235 plants from this population was assayed individually for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at 159 marker loci covering the entire rice genome at regular intervals. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified 5 loci, located on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8, as having significant effects on hybrid fertility, which jointly explained 55.5% of the fertility variation in this population. The QTL on chromosome 5 ( f5) showed the largest effect on hybrid fertility, followed by those on chromosomes 6 ( f6), 3 ( f3) and 1 ( f1), with the one on chromosome 8 ( f8) having the smallest effect. Genotypes each composed of an allele from ‘Dular’ and an allele from ‘Nanjing 11’ at four ( f3, f5, f6 and f8) of the five QTLs contributed to the increase of fertility in the population. In contrast, the genotype composed of alleles from ‘Balilla’ and ‘Nanjing 11’ at the fifth locus ( f1) was in the direction of increasing fertility. Analysis of variance using marker genotypes at the five QTLs as the groups detected two interactions involving four of the five loci, a 2-locus interaction between f5 and f8 and a 3-locus interaction among f3, f5 and f6. The level of hybrid fertility is the result of complex interactions among these loci. The implication of the present findings in the utilization of the wide-compatibility of ‘Dular’ in rice breeding programs is also discussed. Received: 21 October 1997 / Accepted: 30 December 1997     

AFLP在分子生物学研究中的应用

扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）可靠性强,多态检出率高,因而被认为是最有效的DNA指纹分析技术。AFLP已广泛应用于分类学、病理学、种群遗传学、DNA指纹分析的研究和建立数量性状基因图谱,成为最主要的遗传标记。介绍了AFLP的原理、影响因素及其在分子生物学研究中的应用。     

玉米转基因方法研究进展

玉米是重要的粮食作物,玉米的遗传转化取得了重大成就,而玉米的遗传转化又是玉米遗传改良的有效手段。总结了玉米转化过程中受体的选择标准,比较了各种转化方式,如：农杆菌介导法、基因枪法、花粉管通道法,并探讨了如何有效地选择转化后的阳性事件。