上海市产科和妇保医务人员对孕产妇产后抑郁和精神分裂症的识别情况调查

目的：了解现阶段上海市产科和妇保专业人员对孕产妇常见心理行为问题的识别率及处理方法。方法：共有332例上海市产科和妇保专业人员完成了《孕产妇常见心理行为问题案例分析》。该问卷包括2个案例,第一个为产后抑郁症,第二个为精神分裂症。每个案例后设置了同样的3个相关问题,分别为最可能的诊断、需要补充的资料和最合适的处理。结果：调查对象中91.0%能够正确识别产后抑郁症;多数受访者（81.9%）能够意识到信息不够,需要补充选项所列全部资料,10.8%的受访者只关心孕产期相关因素;18.1%的受访者选择转入精神科专科机构接受住院治疗。调查对象中仅13.9%能够正确识别精神分裂症,高达69.9%的受访者将其误判为产后抑郁症;78.3%认为需要补充选项所列全部资料;有24.7%的受访者认为目前最合适的处理方法是转入精神科专科机构接受住院治疗。医生比护士和助产士对孕产妇常见心理行为问题的识别能力高,二级医院的识别率比三级医院高。结论：上海市产科和妇保专业人员对产后抑郁症的识别率较高,但对精神分裂症的识别率还有待提高,且对孕产妇心理行为问题的处理方式不够恰当。职业类型（医生、护士或助产士）和单位级别为识别率的影响因素。     

Karyology,pollen and seed morphology,and distribution of eight endangered species in the Veneto region (Northern Italy)

ABSTRACT

Eight endangered species of the Veneto region were examined from the karyological and micromorphological points of view. Their geographical distribution, the exsiccata of Herbarium Venetum (HV-PAD) and conservation problems were also considered. These species are: Cortusa matthioli L., a taxon sporadically distributed in Veneto with 2n=24 chromosomes; Calianthemum kernerianum Freyn ex Kerner, only known on Mt. Baldo (Verona) and with 2n=4x=32; Scrophularia vernalis L. with 2n=28; Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb., an entity with no regional conservation regulations and with 2n=34; Athamanta vestina A.Kerner, endemic to Italy and with 2n=22; Hottonia palustris L. with 2n=20 and in danger because of the destruction of its habitat; Sagittaria sagttifolia L. with 2n=22; Trapa natans L., a protected species in Veneto with 2n=36 and 2n=48.     

The relationships between self-efficacy,self-control,chronotype, procrastination and sleep problems in young adults

ABSTRACT

The main aim of our study was to examine whether there was a relationship between psychological characteristics such as self-efficacy, self-control and chronotype as well as procrastination on the one hand and sleep problems on the other. There were 315 young adults aged between 18 and 27 years (M = 20.57). We used the General Procrastination Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Brief Self-Control Scale, the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Our results indicated that low self-efficacy, low self-control and eveningness were positive predictors of procrastination. The reciprocal relationship exists between procrastination and sleep problems. Procrastination positively contributed to sleep problems, whereas sleep problems were a negative predictor of procrastination.     

High Algebraic Order Methods for the Numerical Solution of the Schrödinger Equation

Abstract

A family of new hybrid four-step tenth algebraic order methods with phase-lag of order 16(2)22 is developed for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation. Based on the new methods a variable-step procedure is introduced. Numerical illustrations obtained for the approximation of the phase shift problem for the well known case of the Lenard-Jones potential and for the numerical solution of the coupled equations arising from the Schrödinger equation show that these new methods are better than other finite difference methods.     

Detecting Wahlund effects together with amplification problems: Cryptic species,null alleles and short allele dominance in Glossina pallidipes populations from Tanzania

Population genetics is a convenient tool to study the population biology of non‐model and hard to sample species. This is particularly true for parasites and vectors. Heterozygote deficits and/or linkage disequilibrium often occur in such studies and detecting the origin of those (Wahlund effect, reproductive system or amplification problems) is uneasy. We used new tools (correlation between the number of times a locus is found in significant linkage disequilibrium and its genetic diversity, correlations between Wright's F_IS and F_ST, F_IS and number of missing data, F_IT and allele size and standard errors comparisons) for the first time on a real data set of tsetse flies, a vector of dangerous diseases to humans and domestic animals in sub‐Saharan Africa. With these new tools, and cleaning data from null allele, temporal heterogeneity and short allele dominance effects, we unveiled the coexistence of two highly divergent cryptic clades in the same sites. These results are in line with other studies suggesting that the biodiversity of many taxa still largely remain undescribed, in particular pathogenic agents and their vectors. Our results also advocate that including individuals from different cohorts tends to bias subdivision measures and that keeping loci with short allele dominance and/or too frequent missing data seriously jeopardize parameter's estimations. Finally, separated analyses of the two clades suggest very small tsetse densities and relatively large dispersal.     

Self-reported symptoms of depressed mood, trait anxiety and aggressive behavior in post-pubertal adolescents: Associations with diurnal cortisol profiles

The association between self-reported symptoms and diurnal cortisol profiles was studied in post-puberty adolescents (29 boys and 29 girls, M_age = 15.06 years). The adolescents completed the Children's Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and an Aggressive behavior scale. The diurnal cortisol profile was derived from three saliva samples, collected at awakening, noon and evening on a week-end day. Univariate repeated measurement regressions revealed that depressed mood and trait anxiety were strongly and aggressive behavior was weakly related to the diurnal cortisol profile: greater emotional distress was associated with flatter diurnal cortisol profiles. Multivariate analysis, however, revealed that only trait anxiety made an independent contribution. Further analyses suggested that trait anxiety was related to elevated evening cortisol rather than to decreased awakening cortisol and that from a trait anxiety score of 38 onwards, high anxious adolescents show clearly higher evening cortisol than low anxious adolescents. These data suggest that anxiety disorder co-morbidity might explain some of the differences in HPA-axis function among depressed patients.     

大熊猫繁育障碍与染色体脆性位点的相关性研究

通过研究建立起适合大熊猫染色体脆性位点表达的BrdU诱导体系。以大熊猫外周血淋巴细胞为材料,通过较长时间培养（96h）,采用低浓度BrdU(10μg/ml）,短时间（4h）诱导,并结合复制带技术将大熊猫染色体脆性位点的高发生区段准确地定位在No.2和No.12号染色体着丝粒区域。经生物统计学分析发现,No.2和No.12号染色体脆性位点表达频率在个体中有明显差异,而且前者与大熊猫个体的子代存活率呈负相关（r=-0.772).研究结果提示,No.2染色体着丝粒处高效表达的脆性位点地大熊猫个体繁育及其后代的存活是不利的.     

Ecological and Landscape Rehabilitation of a Quarry Site in Hong Kong

Quarrying for granite in Hong Kong, mainly for construction aggregates, has left huge and unsightly scars on the landscape. Recent government policy demands rehabilitation of the disturbed lands and restoration of the landscape adopting the ecological approach. At an active quarry, a method was tested for controlled restoration: blasting of the vertical rocky production faces to pile up the debris and to form artificial slopes that mimic those of the environs in a landform replication approach. On the scree blast piles, a soil cap of fine‐earth materials with organic amendments was installed to grow mainly tropical leguminous trees. The restoration trial largely failed, with extensive death or poor performance of most plants. The inability of the soil and the site to support vegetation was investigated. The main physical problems are shallow solum, large cavities in the bouldery substrate, high stone content, excessively coarse texture, compaction, and limited available‐moisture storage. The main chemical problems are the lack of nitrogen and phosphorus related to the meager organic‐matter content, low cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. Suggestions are made to ameliorate habitat conditions for plant growth in a comprehensive ecosystem‐reconstitution package that encompasses the landform, hydrology, microclimate, soil, and plant assemblage. Recommendations are given on the application of organic amendments to establish and maintain soil structure, restore decomposition regime, and raise nutrient and moisture storage capacities for a modified approach that could overcome the site difficulties.