中枢注射抗Orexin抗体对禁食大鼠摄食的抑制作用

目的:探讨中枢注射抗Orexin抗体对禁食大鼠摄食的抑制作用。方法:采用免疫组织化学法和蛋白质免疫印迹分析法,对Orexin抗体的特异性进行了检测,分析Orexin阳性神经元和阳性神经纤维在大脑中的分布。给予24 h禁食大鼠中枢注射抗Orexin抗体,计算其对大鼠食物摄入量的影响。结果:蛋白质免疫印迹分析显示,Orexin抗体能够检测到合成的Orexin-A。免疫组织化学分析显示,Orexin阳性神经元存在于外侧下丘脑区域和穹窿周核,Orexin阳性神经纤维大量投射至弓状核、下丘脑室周核和下丘脑室旁核、菱形丘脑核、丘脑室旁核、缰内侧核和纹质丘脑、中脑的中央灰质区、蓝斑核和中缝核、脑桥和髓质的网状结构、对疑核和迷走神经复合体。与注射羊血清相比,给予45μg/10μL抗Orexin抗体侧脑室注射则抑制了大鼠的食物摄入量(P0.05)。高剂量抗Orexin抗体能显著地抑制大鼠摄食,并且呈剂量依赖关系(P0.05)。结论:中枢注射抗Orexin抗体对禁食大鼠摄食具有抑制作用,并呈剂量依赖关系。     

九香虫血淋巴对肿瘤细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

探索九香虫血淋巴诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用通路。利用Bradford法检测九香虫血淋巴浓度并将其作用于体外培养的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人胃癌SGC-7901细胞,Western blot法检测经九香虫血淋巴干预后肿瘤细胞凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9、Bcl-2、Bax等的表达。结果显示,九香虫血淋巴作用的SGC-7901、MCF-7细胞中Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bax蛋白的表达较对照组细胞明显上调;两种细胞的Bcl-2蛋白,较对照组细胞表达明显下调;两种细胞的Caspase-8蛋白,较对照组细胞表达无明显差异。结果表明,经九香虫血淋巴诱导的SGC-7901、MCF-7细胞可能通过触发其线粒体凋亡途径使肿瘤细胞发生不可逆的凋亡。     

An appropriate loading control for western blot analysis in animal models of myocardial ischemic infarction

An appropriate loading control is critical for Western blot analysis. Housekeeping proteins (HKPs), such as β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-tubulin, are commonly used to normalize protein expression. But HKP expression can be impacted by certain experimental conditions, such as ischemic myocardial infarction. This study was undertaken to look for an appropriate loading control for western blot analysis of ischemic myocardium. Myocardial ischemic infarction was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation in Rhesus monkeys and C57BL/6 mice. The heart tissue samples from different areas and time points after surgery were subjected to western blot or gel staining. The level of β-actin, GAPDH, β-tubulin, and total protein were tested. The total protein level was consistent in all groups, whereas the protein level of β-tubulin and β-actin were different in all groups. However, the protein level of GAPDH was stable in the Rhesus monkey model. We concluded that total protein was the most appropriate internal control in different stages of myocardial ischemic disease of various animal models. GAPDH is a reliable internal control only for ischemic myocardium of Rhesus monkey.     

瞬时感受器电位M2通道抗原位点的兔单抗特异性检测

目的：筛选特异性较高的抗体以推动对瞬时感受器电位M2（TRPM2）通道结构和功能的研究。方法：以野生型昆明种小鼠大脑皮层、人胚肾293细胞、未诱导的TRPM2细胞及四环素诱导的TRPM2细胞为标本,采用免疫印迹和免疫荧光方法,以被检测抗体为一抗,荧光分子结合的抗体为二抗,根据170kD（TRPM2通道蛋白分子量）位置上是否有特异性条带,检测兔单抗的特异性。结果：抗体98927对鼠源TRPM2通道有特异性,抗体40622,抗体98721,抗体98921对人源TRPM2通道有特异性,另外抗体98721对鼠源TRPM2通道的突变型有特异性。结论：作为分子探针,抗体98927、40622、98721、98921可用于TRPM2通道结构和功能研究。     

Gene expression and molecular characterization of a thermostable trehalose phosphorylase fromThermoanaerobacter tengcongensis

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucosewidely distributed in microorganisms, plants and in-sects. It usually functions as a compatible solute in thestabilization of biological structures under several en-vironment stresses[1,2]. Trehalose has proved to be anactive stabilizer of enzymes, proteins, biomasses, pharmaceutical preparations and even organs fortransplantation. Thus much attention has been paid tothe synthesis pathway of trehalose and the develop-ment of novel and economic…     

Attachment Strength of Listeria monocytogenes and its Internalin-Negative Mutants

A single cell of Listeria monocytogenes attached on food contact surfaces can be a potential source of cross-contamination in a food-processing plant. To see whether internalin A (InlA) and B (InlB), major surface proteins on L. monocytogenes, play a significant role in the attachment process, wild-type L. monocytogenes EGD (LM_EGD) and its isogenic internalin-negative mutants (LM_EGDΔinlA, LM_EGDΔinlB, and LM_EGDΔinlAB) were used to determine attachment strength on inert glass surface. Western blot analysis using InlA and InlB antibodies confirmed the absence of InlA in LM_EGDΔinlA, InlB in LM_EGDΔinlB, and both InlA and InlB in LM_EGDΔinlAB. Regardless of initial attachment numbers, LM_EGD which expressed both InlA and InlB proteins exhibited the strongest attachment strength while the double mutant (LM_EGDΔinlAB) exhibited the weakest. The two single mutants (LM_EGDΔinlA and LM_EGDΔinlB) that expressed only one type of the internalins were shown to have intermediate attachment strength. These results suggest that both InlA and InlB expression play a significant role in the attachment strength of L. monocytogenes on glass surface.     

Rapid and efficient isolation of highly specific antibodies from an antiserum against a pool of proteins

Antibodies with desired specificity to proteins of interest provide important and versatile tools for detecting and localizing specific proteins in organisms. With the rapidly increasing number of genes cloned, the demand for antibodies to the gene products is increasing greatly. We developed a procedure to isolate highly specific antibodies to an insect intestinal mucin (IIM) from a polyclonal antiserum, which served as a “library of antibodies,” by using an E. coli lysate of the IIM cDNA clone. This procedure allows rapid and efficient isolation of target protein specific antibodies from a polyclonal antiserum made against a pool of antigens.     

Body weight manipulation,reinforcement value and choice between sucrose and wheel running: A behavioral economic analysis

Twelve female Long-Evans rats were exposed to concurrent variable (VR) ratio schedules of sucrose and wheel-running reinforcement (Sucrose VR 10 Wheel VR 10; Sucrose VR 5 Wheel VR 20; Sucrose VR 20 Wheel VR 5) with predetermined budgets (number of responses). The allocation of lever pressing to the sucrose and wheel-running alternatives was assessed at high and low body weights. Results showed that wheel-running rate and lever-pressing rates for sucrose and wheel running increased, but the choice of wheel running decreased at the low body weight. A regression analysis of relative consumption as a function of relative price showed that consumption shifted toward sucrose and interacted with price differences in a manner consistent with increased substitutability. Demand curves showed that demand for sucrose became less elastic while demand for wheel running became more elastic at the low body weight. These findings reflect an increase in the difference in relative value of sucrose and wheel running as body weight decreased. Discussion focuses on the limitations of response rates as measures of reinforcement value. In addition, we address the commonalities between matching and demand curve equations for the analysis of changes in relative reinforcement value.     

姜黄素诱导人脑胶质瘤细胞U251分化的实验研究

目的探讨姜黄素对体外培养的人胶质瘤细胞U251的诱导分化作用及其机制。方法将人脑胶质瘤U251细胞分为对照组和药物组,对照组以含10%小牛血清的DMEM培养基常规培养,药物组用16μmol/L姜黄素（本实验先前的研究结果显示,姜黄素作用于U251细胞48h的半数抑制浓度为16μmol/L）处理。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化;免疫细胞化学法检测波形蛋白（vimentin）表达变化;免疫印迹（Westernblot）法检测细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）、磷酸化细胞外调节蛋白激酶（pERK）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达变化。结果姜黄素作用96h后,与对照组相比,U251细胞突起明显增多变细长。姜黄素培养48h,S期细胞由28.53%明显降低至20.35%（P=0.015）;vimentin强阳性细胞百分率由90%明显降低至50%（P=0.009）;GFAP蛋白与内参β-actin表达量的比值由0.22明显升高至0.50（P=0.01）。Westernblot法显示,姜黄素分别作用于U251细胞48和96h,ERK蛋白水平无明显改变,pERK/ERK分别为0.35和0.22,较对照组明显减少（P=0.03和0.007）。结论姜黄素对体外培养的胶质瘤U251细胞有显著的诱导分化作用,其机制可能与抑制异常激活的ERK信号通路有关。     

薇甘菊水杨酸羧甲基转移酶基因的分离鉴定及表达分析

为研究水杨酸羧甲基转移酶基因在植物防御系统中的作用,采用RACE法从薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)cDNA文库中克隆到薇甘菊水杨酸羧甲基转移酶基因SAMT全长cDNA,并进行外源表达以及水杨酸诱导模式分析.结果表明,该基因cDNA全长1 299 bp,其中编码区长1 089 bp,编码362个氨基酸,Blast显示该基因编码的氨基酸序列与仙女扇(Clarkia breweri)的相似性为74%,证实其主要功能是将水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)甲基化成水杨酸甲酯(methyl salicylate,MESA),由此将该基因命名为MmSAMT,GenBank登录号为FJ869889.将MmSAMT编码序列克隆至pET-32a(+)载体,转化Rosetta-gami(DE3)中表达,SDS-PAGE显示单体分子量在40 kD左右,与预测结果一致.Western bolt显示在20℃、0.05 mmol/LIPTG和180 r min-1下诱导6 h,可获得较多的可溶性蛋白质.对喷施100μmol/L SA薇甘菊叶片中MmSAMT的转录谱进行研究,该基因的诱导受到SA的激活,48 h的表达水平达最高,暗示MmSAMT可能通过催化合成MeSA引发系统获得性抗性,提高抗性防御的警戒等级. 89.将MmSAMT编码序列克隆至pET-32a(+)载体,转化Rosetta-gami(DE3)中表达,SDS-PAGE显示单体分子量在40 kD左右,与预测结果一致.Western bbt显示在20℃、0.05 mmol/LIPTG和180 r min-1下诱导6 h,可获得较多的可溶性蛋白质.对喷施100μmol/L SA薇甘菊叶片中MmSAMT的转录谱进行研究,该基因的诱导受到SA的激活,48 h的表达水 达最高,暗示MmSAMT可能通过催化合成MeSA引发系统获得性抗性,提高抗性防御的警戒等级. 89.将MmSAMT编码