Interaction of molybdenum with human erythrocyte membrane proteins

This study describes the interaction of molybdenum with blood components. Molybdenum-99 was added to blood, and after four washings, 3% of the total radioactivity was found in red cells. More specifically, the radioactivity was determined to be associated with the cell membrane. Molybdenum-99 in the +VI form did not interact with the human erythrocyte membrane; however, Mo(V) forms did interact. Of five different compounds, the highes uptake was observed with a brown Mo(V)-ascorbate complex generated from Mo(VI) and ascorbic acid in the molar ratio 1∶20. A membrane suspension of Mo-ascorbate-treated human erythrocytes was prepared and the solubilized proteins were separated on a polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Molybdenum-99 binding to spectrin was demonstrated, as well as some minor interactions with membrane hemoglobin and bands 6 and 8.     

广西百色和永乐盆地的始新世猪类化石──兼论早期猪类的分类和演化(英文)

描述了广西百色及永乐盆地发现的中始新世最晚期一晚始新世的猪类化石。这批已知最早的猪超科化石,大大丰富了亚洲地区的早期猪类,对了解全球猪类的早期演化有着重要价值。广西的材料被确定为两个新属新种：萨氏始新猪Ｅｏｃｅｎｃｈｏｅｒｕｓ ｓａｖａｇｅｉ和广西华夏猪Ｈｕａｘｉａｃｈｏｅｒｕｓ ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ,一个新种：粗壮暹罗猪Ｓｉａｍｏｃｈｏｅｒｕｓ　ｖｉｒｉｏｓｕｓ和一个未定属种：Ｔａｙａｓｓｕｉｄａｅ　ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ　ｓｐ．ｉｎｄｅｔ。加上已发表的单尖旅猪Ｏｄｉｏｃｈｏｅｒｕｓ　ｕｎｉｃｏｎｕｓ,百色、永乐盆地共计发现了５种始新世猪类化石。新属Ｅｏｃｅｎｃｈｏｅｒｕｓ虽然臼齿结构简单,与原始的古猪类（ｐａｉａｅｏｃｈｏｅｒｉｄ）接近,但因其Ｍ３具有一个明显的跟座而被归入猪科。早期猪科动物非常原始的臼齿形式证明,猪科动物的起源并不晚于古猪科（Ｐａｌａｅｏｃｈｏｅｒｉｄａｅ）和西科（Ｔａｙａｓｓｕｉｄａｅ）。旧大陆的古猪类长期以来被认为与新大陆的西类（ｔａｙａｓｓｕｉｄ）更为接近,多数学者将其归入西科。笔者认为两者共有的近祖特征,并不能支持它们更近的亲缘关系,而且古猪类缺乏典型西类的近裔特征,因而支持将Ｐａｌａ?     

风和风沙流对不同固沙植物生理状况的影响

在野外风洞条件下,对风和风沙流影响固沙植物的生理状况进行了研究。结果表明：风和风沙流对不同植物的影响不同,风对结皮和苔藓的影响在于吹蚀和干燥,对草本和灌木的影响主要是：１．通过迫使气孔关闭、降低叶温和胞间ＣＯ２浓度来抑制光合作用;２．加强蒸腾作用,减小水分利用率;３．降低叶片水势和土壤含水量,从而加强干燥作用。而风沙流对结皮和苔藓的影响主要在于剥蚀和堆积,对草本和灌木的影响主要是机械损伤作用,对光合和水分利用的影响将更加剧烈。不同类型植物对两种胁迫的适应程度不同。     

Cholesterol trafficking and raft-like membrane domain composition mediate scavenger receptor class B type 1-dependent lipid sensing in intestinal epithelial cells

Scavenger receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1) is a lipid transporter and sensor. In intestinal epithelial cells, SR-B1-dependent lipid sensing is associated with SR-B1 recruitment in raft-like/ detergent-resistant membrane domains and interaction of its C-terminal transmembrane domain with plasma membrane cholesterol. To clarify the initiating events occurring during lipid sensing by SR-B1, we analyzed cholesterol trafficking and raft-like domain composition in intestinal epithelial cells expressing wild-type SR-B1 or the mutated form SR-B1-Q445A, defective in membrane cholesterol binding and signal initiation. These features of SR-B1 were found to influence both apical cholesterol efflux and intracellular cholesterol trafficking from plasma membrane to lipid droplets, and the lipid composition of raft-like domains. Lipidomic analysis revealed likely participation of d18:0/16:0 sphingomyelin and 16:0/0:0 lysophosphatidylethanolamine in lipid sensing by SR-B1. Proteomic analysis identified proteins, whose abundance changed in raft-like domains during lipid sensing, and these included molecules linked to lipid raft dynamics and signal transduction. These findings provide new insights into the role of SR-B1 in cellular cholesterol homeostasis and suggest molecular links between SR-B1-dependent lipid sensing and cell cholesterol and lipid droplet dynamics.     

三峡库区支流生境因子对库区蓄水的响应

三峡水库的运行调度,使库区支流形成了截然不同的3种河段类型:完全受水库蓄水影响的145m回水段(完全河段),既受蓄水影响又受自然洪汛影响的145—175m回水段(双重河段)以及不受蓄水影响的大于175m的自然河流段(自然河段)。为明确库区蓄水对河流不同河段生境因子的影响程度及差异,对三峡库区36条重要支流的254个河段进行河流生境调查,进行不同河段下生境指标的因子分析,并进一步分析水文情势自然性与不同河段各生境因子的相关关系。结果表明,植被状况对3种不同河段来说均为重要生境因子,但受三峡水库蓄水影响,完全河段植被结构不完整;受库区蓄水影响,完全河段与双重河段及自然河段相比,流速流态状况、表层覆盖物状况、河岸带宽度、湿润率等生境因子有明显改变;水文情势自然性对不同河段生境因子的影响不同。     

抗生素与抗菌药物协同作用防控生物膜的研究进展

生物膜(Biofilm)是指微生物为适应周围环境,黏附于介质表面并被其自身分泌的胞外基质包裹而形成的一种复杂的、高度异质的聚合结构。生物膜对宿主防御和药物具有很强的抵御能力,使用单一药物防治往往效果不显著,而利用协同作用将不同抗菌药物的优势联合起来用于生物膜的防控则优势明显。重点阐述了抗生素与抗生素、抗生素与中药、抗生素与噬菌体、抗生素与酶的协同作用研究,以期为生物膜的防控提供新思路。     

Modulation of Opioid Receptor Binding by Cis and Trans Fatty Acids

In synaptosomal brain membranes, the addition of oleic acid (cis), elaidic acid (trans), and the cis and trans isomers of vaccenic acid, at a concentration of 0.87 mumol of lipid/mg of protein, strongly reduced the Bmax and, to a lesser degree, the binding affinity of the mu-selective opioid [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol ([3H]DAMGO). At comparable membrane content, the cis isomers of the fatty acids were more potent than their trans counterparts in inhibiting ligand binding and in decreasing membrane microviscosity, both at the membrane surface and in the core. However, trans-vacenic acid affected opioid receptor binding in spite of just marginally altering membrane microviscosity. If the receptors were uncoupled from guanine nucleotide regulatory protein, an altered inhibition profile was obtained: the impairment of KD by the fatty acids was enhanced and that of Bmax reduced. Receptor interaction of the delta-opioid [3H](D-Pen2,D-Pen5)enkephalin was modulated by lipids to a greater extent than that of [3H]DAMGO: saturable binding was abolished by both oleic and elaidic acids. The binding of [3H]naltrexone was less susceptible to inhibition by the fatty acids, particularly in the presence of sodium. In the absence of this cation, however, cis-vaccenic acid abolished the low-affinity binding component of [3H]naltrexone. These findings support the membrane model of opioid receptor sequestration depicting different ionic environments for the mu- and delta-binding sites. The results of this work show distinct modulation of different types and molecular states of opioid receptor by fatty acids through mechanisms involving membrane fluidity and specific interactions with membrane constituents.     

Survival of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis introduced into two soils of different texture in field microplots

Abstract Antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis , produced by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis and transformation with plasmid pFT30, respectively, were characterized. Both strains grew at a rate comparable to that of the wild-type strains, and the antibiotic resistance remained stable for over 50 generations without selective pressure. During the growing season, the survival of these strains was studied in two soils of different texture cropped with wheat. The B. subtilis populations declined rapidly in both soils and then stabilized at the levels of added spores. P. fluorescens showed a slow, steady decline in both soils; survival was better in the finer-textured soil, a silt loam, than in the coarser loamy sand. For both bacteria, some translocation to deeper soil layers was observed. No significant rhizosphere effects were detected in either of the two soils.     

基于生态通道模型的长江口水域生态系统结构与能量流动分析

利用Ecopath with Ecosim在前期研究的基础上构建了3个时期(2000年秋、2006年秋、2012年秋)长江口水域生态系统的生态通道模型,分析对比了三峡工程蓄水前中后期,长江口水域生态系统结构与能量流动特征。模型将长江口水域生态系统划分为鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类、底栖动物、浮游动物、浮游植物、碎屑等17个功能组,基本覆盖了长江口生态系统能量流动的主要途径。模型结果分析表明:蓄水前中后期,长江口水域生态系统各功能组营养级组成和分布相近,但由于长江口渔业过度捕捞,蓄水中后期多数功能组的生态营养转换率被动提高。长江口渔获物的组成未发生明显变化,但渔获物的平均营养级降低,渔获量减少。蓄水中后期,生态系统中牧食食物链的重要性增加,碎屑食物链的重要性降低,这与蓄水之后长江入海径流改变、泥沙量减少、陆源污染增加关系密切。结果表明,蓄水前中后期,生态系统均处于不成熟阶段,蓄水后生态系统总生物量、初级生产量及流向碎屑的能量呈降低趋势,但系统的净效率和再循环率升高。     

西南喀斯特地区两种草本对干湿交替和N添加的生长响应

喀斯特地区的"岩溶干旱"和频繁的变水环境成为喀斯特地区植被生长和分布的重要选择压力,是该地区植被恢复重建的主要障碍因子。N沉降也会对喀斯特地区的生态系统造成难以预测的影响。为了探究喀斯特地区草本植物对干湿交替和N添加的生长响应,以苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)和三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)为研究对象,通过盆栽水分受控实验,研究了5种不同水分处理[对照组(CK)、干旱组(D)、1周干湿交替处理组(DW-1)、2周干湿交替处理组(DW-2)和3周干湿交替处理组(DW-3)]与N添加(N+、N-)对两种草本植物生长和生物量的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫抑制了植物生长和生物量的积累,株高、叶面积、总根长和根体积等生长指标和地上生物量均显著降低,根冠比增大。不同程度的干湿交替对植物的生长和生物量的积累均表现出一定程度的补偿效应,但这种补偿效应的大小随着干旱持续时间的延长而减弱。N添加对植物的生长和生物量积累有显著地促进作用,株高、根表面积、根体积和根生物量较对照组显著增加,但这种促进作用随着干旱历时的增加而减弱,可能与土壤水分状况有关。同时,N添加还影响着植物生物量的分配,在促进两种植物地上和地下生长的同时,还促进了植物根冠比的增加。