钾离子对长柄扁桃不定芽诱导的影响

研究了钾离子对长柄扁桃不定芽诱导的影响,结果表明,在MS基本培养基中添加800～1200mg·L-1钾离子有利于长柄扁桃不定芽的形成和生长,不定芽的诱导率和数量分别比对照提高了17％和84％,不定芽的平均高度提高了64％;高浓度钾离子（〉1600mg·L。）可导致长柄扁桃不定芽严重褐化。生理指标测定结果表明,适当浓度的钾离子提高了抗氧化酶（SODPOD）的活性和不定芽的组织细胞活力;高剂量的钾离子（〉1600mg·L-1）显著增加了不定芽中MDA的含量。     

银杏苦内酯B对缺血豚鼠心室肌动作电位、L-型钙电流和延迟整流钾电流的作用

目的:研究银杏苦内酯B对正常和缺血心室肌细胞动作电位(action potential,AP),L-型钙电流(L-type calcium current,ICa-L)、延迟整流钾电流(Delayed Rectifier Currennt,IK)的影响.方法:用常规细胞内微电极方法记录豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位,用全细胞膜片钳技术记录游离心室肌细胞离子流.结果:①在生理条件下,银杏苦内酯B可缩短心室肌细胞动作电位时程 (action potential duration,APD),但对AP其他参数无影响,银杏苦内酯B可增大IK,呈浓度依赖性,但对ICa-L无显著作用;②在缺血条件下,APD50、APD90明显缩短,RP、APA减小,Vmax减慢,而银杏苦内酯B则可延缓和减轻缺血所引起上述参数的变化;3.在缺血条件下,IK和ICa-L均受到抑制,但加入银杏苦内酯B后可逆转缺血所造成这两种离子流的减小.结论:银杏苦内酯B可对抗心肌缺血所引起的心肌电生理的变化,提示银杏苦内酯B可预防心律失常的发生.     

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protected post‐infarcted myocardium against arrhythmias via reversing potassium channels remodelling

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) emerge as a promising approach for treating heart diseases. However, the effects of BMSCs‐based therapy on cardiac electrophysiology disorders after myocardial infarction were largely unclear. This study was aimed to investigate whether BMSCs transplantation prevents cardiac arrhythmias and reverses potassium channels remodelling in post‐infarcted hearts. Myocardial infarction was established in male SD rats, and BMSCs were then intramyocardially transplanted into the infarcted hearts after 3 days. Cardiac electrophysiological properties in the border zone were evaluated by western blotting and whole‐cell patch clamp technique after 2 weeks. We found that BMSCs transplantation ameliorated the increased heart weight index and the impaired LV function. The survival of infarcted rats was also improved after BMSCs transplantation. Importantly, electrical stimulation‐induced arrhythmias were less observed in BMSCs‐transplanted infarcted rats compared with rats without BMSCs treatment. Furthermore, BMSCs transplantation effectively inhibited the prolongation of action potential duration and the reduction of transient and sustained outward potassium currents in ventricular myocytes in post‐infarcted rats. Consistently, BMSCs‐transplanted infarcted hearts exhibited the increased expression of K_V4.2, K_V4.3, K_V1.5 and K_V2.1 proteins when compared to infarcted hearts. Moreover, intracellular free calcium level, calcineurin and nuclear NFATc3 protein expression were shown to be increased in infarcted hearts, which was inhibited by BMSCs transplantation. Collectively, BMSCs transplantation prevented ventricular arrhythmias by reversing cardiac potassium channels remodelling in post‐infarcted hearts.     

不同风化程度钾长石表面矿物分解细菌的筛选及遗传多样性

【目的】不同风化程度钾长石表面矿物分解细菌生物多样性研究将有助于了解矿物生物风化、生物成矿和土壤形成的演化规律和机理。【方法】采用纯培养法自南平钾矿区高、中、低风化度钾长石以及矿区土壤样品中分离矿物分解细菌,通过摇瓶释硅实验比较不同菌株分解矿物能力,采用16SrDNA限制性酶切多态性分析(Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis,ARDRA)研究了供试菌株的遗传多样性。【结果】分离筛选到35株生长良好的矿物分解细菌,与对照相比,接菌处理发酵液中有效硅增加了101～206%;所有供试菌株可分为11个OTU,分别属于5个门,6个科,7个属。多数菌株(74%)属于γ-变形杆菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)。泛菌属(Pantoea),沙雷氏菌属(Serratia),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为优势种群。【结论】南平钾矿区矿物分解细菌具有丰富的微生物种群多样性,且γ-变形杆菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)细菌在钾长石风化过程中可能起了重要的作用。     

外源植物生长调节物质对烟叶中腐胺和烟碱含量的影响

水培的烟草打顶和打顶后喷施腐胺（Put）,烟叶中Put和烟碱含量均增加,钾含量下降,Put含量与烟碱含量之间呈显著正相关;打顶喷施吲哚乙酸（IAA）和赤霉素（GA3）的烟叶中Put和烟碱含量下降,钾含量上升;喷施茉莉酸（JA）的烟碱含量提高,而Put含量变化不大;喷施脱落酸（ABA）和6-BA的叶中Put含量下降。     

Accumulation and conversion of sugars by developing wheat grains. 4. Effects of phosphate and potassium ions in endosperm slices

Abstract. Transverse slices through developing grains of Triticum aestivum cv. SUN 9E 16 d after anthesis were incubated in simple defined media with various radioactive labels. In some enzymic assays slices were pretreated with 2.5% Triton X-100 or with 5% butanol to remove cellular membranes and endogenous substrates.
Endogenous potassium leaked from endosperm slices into 30mol m⁻³ sucrose while sucrose was converted partly into starch. Exogenous alkali-ions, except Li⁺, stimulated conversion of sucrose to insoluble matter, specifically to starch with K⁺. Starch synthetase activity of Triton-pretreated slices was stimulated by K⁺ at both high and low substrate ADPG concentration, but was not affected by phosphate (25 mol m⁻³).
Phosphate in the medium had no effect on incorporation of sucrose or glucose into alcohol-insoluble material or starch in fresh slices (internal inorganic phosphate (P,) concentration was about 11 mol m⁻³). Three- to four-fold contrasts in internal P_i level, achieved by prolonged preincubations in different media, did not show an inhibition of starch synthesis by P_i. However, phosphate (25mol m⁻³) inhibited starch synthesis, that was mediated by ADPG pyrophosphorylase in butanol-pretreated endosperm slices by 15–18%.
It is concluded that starch synthesis in wheat endosperm is not regulated directly by apoplastic P_i; level.     

中国林蛙皮肤抗菌肽抗菌的特性

从林蛙皮肤中分离到具有抗菌活性的多肽混合物——多肽FⅢ。抑菌实验表明,林蛙皮肤中小分子活性肽对革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌都具有一定的抗菌作用,并且此粗提物的抗菌活性远远高于传统食品防腐剂苯甲酸钠和山梨酸钾的抗菌活性。     

利诺吡啶对豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞和Deiters细胞钾电流的抑制

为探讨KCNQ家族钾通道在耳蜗外毛细胞和Deiters细胞的功能性表达,我们观察并记录了KCNQ家族钾通道阻滞剂利诺吡啶对豚鼠耳蜗单离外毛细胞(outer hair cells,OHCs)和Deiters细胞总钾电流的影响。采用酶孵育加机械分离法分离豚鼠耳蜗单个OHCs和Deiters细胞：运用膜片钳技术,在全细胞模式下记录正常细胞外液中8个外毛细胞和5个Deiters细胞的总钾电流,并观察100μmol／L和200μmol／L利诺吡啶对外毛细胞和Deiters细胞总钾电流的影响。结果观察到,在正常细胞外液中的单离外毛细胞,可记录到四乙基二乙胺敏感的外向性钾电流和静息膜电位附近激活的内向性钾电流(the K^ current activated at negative potential,IKa)两种钾电流,而在单离Deiters细胞中只记录到外向整流性钾电流。在细胞外液中,加入100μmol／L利诺吡啶后,OHCs中的四乙基二乙胺敏感的钾电流峰电流成分被抑制,稳态电流幅值减小,且电流的失活时问常数明显延长;在细胞外液中加入100μmol／L和200μmol／L利诺吡啶后,OHCs的内向性钾电流IKa被完全抑制;而细胞外液中利诺吡啶终浓度为200μmol／L时,Deiters细胞的外向整流性钾电流幅值无明显变化。由此我们推测,KCNQ家族钾通道存在于豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞,其介导的钾电流是四乙基二乙胺敏感的钾电流的组成部分,并构成全部的IKn,其功能是介导细胞内K^ 外流和防止细胞过度去极化;KCNQ家族钾通道不存在于豚鼠耳蜗Dciters细胞。     

高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道研究

目的:研究高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞钙激活钾通道(KCa)的功能活动。方法:应用膜片钳制技术内面向外式单通道记录方法。结果:①人肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa开放具有电压依赖性。KCa通道电导在高血压组、正常组分别为191.4pS、197.7pS。胞内侧应用TEA可阻断通道。②增加浴液中Ca2 浓度(从0增至10-8、10-7、5×10-7、10-6mol/L),各组KCa开放概率(Po)均呈浓度依赖性增加,高血压组Po从0.016增至0.023、0.031、0.053、0.094,正常组Po从0.004增至0.023、0.041、0.072、0.184。通道平均开放时间延长,平均关闭时间缩短。③Ca2 浓度为0时,高血压组KCa开放概率明显高于正常组,在其它Ca2 浓度下高血压组KCa开放概率等于或低于正常组。结论:高血压病患者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞KCa的Ca2 敏感性较低,可能促进高血压的发生。