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排序方式: 共有639条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
61.
62.
Choudhery MS Khan M Mahmood R Mohsin S Akhtar S Ali F Khan SN Riazuddin S 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2012,16(10):2518-2529
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive candidate for autologous cell therapy, but their ability to repair damaged myocardium is severely compromised with advanced age. Development of viable autologous cell therapy for treatment of heart failure in the elderly requires the need to address MSC ageing. In this study, MSCs from young (2 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL/6 mice were characterized for gene expression of IGF‐1, FGF‐2, VEGF, SIRT‐1, AKT, p16INK4a, p21 and p53 along with measurements of population doubling (PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and apoptosis. Aged MSCs displayed senescent features compared with cells isolated from young animals and therefore were pre‐conditioned with glucose depletion to enhance age affected function. Pre‐conditioning of aged MSCs led to an increase in expression of IGF‐1, AKT and SIRT‐1 concomitant with enhanced viability, proliferation and delayed senescence. To determine the myocardial repair capability of pre‐conditioned aged MSCs, myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in 24 months old C57BL/6 wild type mice and GFP expressing untreated and pre‐conditioned aged MSCs were transplanted. Hearts transplanted with pre‐conditioned aged MSCs showed increased expression of paracrine factors, such as IGF‐1, FGF‐2, VEGF and SDF‐1α. This was associated with significantly improved cardiac performance as measured by dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, LVEDP and LVDP, declined left ventricle (LV) fibrosis and apoptosis as measured by Masson's Trichrome and TUNEL assays, respectively, after 30 days of transplantation. In conclusion, pre‐conditioning of aged MSCs with glucose depletion can enhance proliferation, delay senescence and restore the ability of aged cells to repair senescent infarcted myocardium. 相似文献
63.
K. M. Hoedjes J. L. M. Steidle J. H. Werren L. E. M. Vet H. M. Smid 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2012,11(7):879-887
Most of our knowledge on learning and memory formation results from extensive studies on a small number of animal species. Although features and cellular pathways of learning and memory are highly similar in this diverse group of species, there are also subtle differences. Closely related species of parasitic wasps display substantial variation in memory dynamics and can be instrumental to understanding both the adaptive benefit of and mechanisms underlying this variation. Parasitic wasps of the genus Nasonia offer excellent opportunities for multidisciplinary research on this topic. Genetic and genomic resources available for Nasonia are unrivaled among parasitic wasps, providing tools for genetic dissection of mechanisms that cause differences in learning. This study presents a robust, high‐throughput method for olfactory conditioning of Nasonia using a host encounter as reward. A T‐maze olfactometer facilitates high‐throughput memory retention testing and employs standardized odors of equal detectability, as quantified by electroantennogram recordings. Using this setup, differences in memory retention between Nasonia species were shown. In both Nasonia vitripennis and Nasonia longicornis, memory was observed up to at least 5 days after a single conditioning trial, whereas Nasonia giraulti lost its memory after 2 days. This difference in learning may be an adaptation to species‐specific differences in ecological factors, for example, host preference. The high‐throughput methods for conditioning and memory retention testing are essential tools to study both ultimate and proximate factors that cause variation in learning and memory formation in Nasonia and other parasitic wasp species. 相似文献
64.
Ischaemic post-conditioning (PostC) is a clinically relevant cardioprotective modality that has been confirmed in many species including human. It remains unknown if PostC can still protect heart in Type 2 diabetes, a rapidly growing disease in the world. This study investigated the efficacy of PostC in the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, which possess Type 2 diabetic characteristics including obesity, hyperglycaemia and hyperleptinaemia. Adult male C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and db/db mice were anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated and subjected to left coronary artery occlusion for 30 min. followed by 24 hrs of reperfusion. For the PostC groups, the hearts underwent six cycles of 10 sec. of reperfusion and 10 sec. of re-occlusion at the onset of reperfusion. The mice were sacrificed at the end of 24 hrs reperfusion for infarct size measurement. PostC significantly reduced infarct size in WT mice (n = 6/group; P < 0.05), but not in the db/db mice. To identify alterations in protein expression by PostC, proteomic analyses were performed in the heart samples using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis with three CyDye labelling, followed by mass spectrometry. The results show that mitochondrial proteins (F(1)-ATPase γ and Echs1) were down-regulated by PostC in WT heart. Such change was absent in the db/db heart. On the other hand, PostC reduced Hsp20 in the diabetic heart. In summary, PostC fails to protect Type 2 diabetic mice against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The potential protein targets for the loss of PostC may include F(1)-ATPase γ, Echs1 and Hsp20 that could regulate cellular ATP consumption/production and defense response to ischaemic stress. 相似文献
65.
L.‐C. L. Tsai G. C.‐K. Chan S. N. Nangle M. Shimizu‐Albergine G. L. Jones D. R. Storm J. A. Beavo L. S. Zweifel 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2012,11(7):837-847
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are critical regulatory enzymes in cyclic nucleotide signaling. PDEs have diverse expression patterns within the central nervous system (CNS), show differing affinities for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and regulate a vast array of behaviors. Here, we investigated the expression profile of the PDE8 gene family members Pde8a and Pde8b in the mouse brain. We find that Pde8a expression is largely absent in the CNS; by contrast, Pde8b is expressed in select regions of the hippocampus, ventral striatum, and cerebellum. Behavioral analysis of mice with Pde8b gene inactivation (PDE8B KO) demonstrate an enhancement in contextual fear, spatial memory, performance in an appetitive instrumental conditioning task, motor‐coordination, and have an attenuation of age‐induced motor coordination decline. In addition to improvements observed in select behaviors, we find basal anxiety levels to be increased in PDE8B KO mice. These findings indicate that selective antagonism of PDE8B may be an attractive target for enhancement of cognitive and motor functions; however, possible alterations in affective state will need to be weighed against potential therapeutic value . 相似文献
66.
目的将奖励性操作式条件反射方法应用于学习记忆研究。方法首次采用奖励性操作式条件反射方法,设置单次操作训练、连续多次操作训练、信号辨识与消退四种检测模式,研究Wistar大鼠和SHR大鼠学习记忆能力。结果奖赏训练中,SHR组鼻触次数显著增多(vs.Wistar&Donepezil,P〈0.05);单次操作训练中,三组动物对操作反应的获得无显著差异;连续多次操作学习任务中,SHR组错误操作次数增多(vs.Wistar,P〈0.05),奖赏获得次数减少(vs.Donepezil,P〈0.001),反应准确率显著降低(vs.Wistar&Donepezil,P〈0.05);信号辨识任务中SHR组错误反应次数显著增多(vs.Wistar&Donepezil,P〈0.05),而反应准确率降低,组间差异有显著性(vs.Wistar&Donepezil,P〈0.05);消退实验中,三组动物差异无显著性。神经递质检测发现,SHR组大鼠谷氨酸[(1.0639±0.07086)mg/g]、乙酰胆碱[(2.7760±0.2609)μg/g]与五羟色胺[(1.2200±0.1137)μg/g]含量均显著低于Wistar组大鼠(P〈0.05),多奈哌齐组大鼠乙酰胆碱含量显著增加[(3.9344±0.2747)μg/g](vs.Wistar,P〈0.05;vs.SHR,P〈0.001)。结论奖励性操作式条件反射方法可作为一种正性增强条件反射检测新方法应用于大鼠学习记忆研究。 相似文献
67.
The effect of calcium chloride injection on shear force and caspase activities in bovine longissimus muscles during postmortem conditioning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cao J Yu X Khan MA Shao J Xiang Y Zhou G 《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2012,6(6):1018-1022
Tenderness is considered as the most important quality determinant of meat. Calcium chloride application has been shown to improve tenderness by regulating endogenous proteinases. This study was designed to determine the effect of 300 mM calcium chloride injection on myofibrillar structures, caspase activities and shear force in longissimus muscles of bulls during postmortem storage of 7 days. Myofibrillar fragmentation index was determined as an index of proteolysis occurring in muscle fibers and associated proteins. Maximum tenderness was observed at days 4 and 7 in both treated and control samples. The injection of calcium chloride significantly increased myofibrillar proteolysis and improved tenderness at postmortem days 4 and 7. The treatment reduced caspase-9 activity at 4 h and day 4, whereas those of caspase-8 and -3 activities at days 1 and 4 with respect to control. The improved tenderness and increased myofibril fragmentation with decreased caspase activities suggested that the proteolytic systems activated with calcium chloride injection possibly behave independent of the caspase system. 相似文献
68.
Accumulating evidence points to an important role of intraneuronal Aβ as a trigger of the pathological cascade of events leading to neurodegeneration and eventually to Alzheimer's disease (AD) with its typical clinical symptoms, like memory impairment and change in personality. As a new concept, intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ instead of extracellular Aβ deposition has been introduced to be the disease-triggering event in AD. The present review compiles current knowledge on the amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1KI mouse model with early and massive intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation: (1) The APP/PS1KI mouse model exhibits early robust brain and spinal cord axonal degeneration and hippocampal CA1 neuron loss. (2) At the same time-point, a dramatic, age-dependent reduced ability to perform working memory and motor tasks is observed. (3) The APP/PS1KI mice are smaller and show development of a thoracolumbar kyphosis, together with an incremental loss of body weight. (4) Onset of the observed behavioral alterations correlates well with robust axonal degeneration in brain and spinal cord and with abundant hippocampal CA1 neuron loss. 相似文献
69.
For experiments at the torque meter, flies are kept on standard fly medium at 25°C and 60% humidity with a 12hr light/12hr dark regime. A standardized breeding regime assures proper larval density and age-matched cohorts. Cold-anesthetized flies are glued with head and thorax to a triangle-shaped hook the day before the experiment. Attached to the torque meter via a clamp, the fly''s intended flight maneuvers are measured as the angular momentum around its vertical body axis. The fly is placed in the center of a cylindrical panorama to accomplish stationary flight. An analog to digital converter card feeds the yaw torque signal into a computer which stores the trace for later analysis. The computer also controls a variety of stimuli which can be brought under the fly''s control by closing the feedback loop between these stimuli and the yaw torque trace. Punishment is achieved by applying heat from an adjustable infrared laser. 相似文献
70.