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81.
Sofya Aptekar 《Ethnic and racial studies》2013,36(9):1511-1533
Civil society is the foundation of a healthy democracy but its immigrant element has received little attention. This paper is a case study of immigrant organizations of highly skilled Asian Indians and Chinese immigrants in a suburban town of Edison, New Jersey. I find that civic participation of Asian Indian immigrants spills over into political incorporation while Chinese immigrant organizations remain marginalized. I argue that local processes of racialization are central in explaining differences in political incorporation of immigrants. In the local context, the Chinese are seen as successful but conformist model minorities and Asian Indians as invaders and troublemakers. The racialization of Asian Indians has resulted in more political activity and higher levels of political visibility of their organizations. The results highlight shortcomings of current assimilation theories, which give little space to civic and political incorporation and view human capital in an unqualifiedly positive light. 相似文献
82.
Langqiu Chen Shen-De Shi Yong-Qing Liu Qing-Jiao Gao Xing Yi Kai-Ke Liu Hao Liu 《Carbohydrate research》2011,346(10):1250
A novel 1,2-cis stereoselective synthesis of protected α-d-Gal-(1→2)-d-Glc fragments was developed. Methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-3-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-glucopyranoside (13), methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (15), methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-3-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-d-glucopyranoside (17), and methyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (19) were favorably obtained by coupling a new donor, isopropyl 2-O-acetyl-3-O-allyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), with acceptors, methyl 3-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-glucopyranoside (4), methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (5), methyl 3-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), and methyl 3,4,6-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (12), respectively. By virtue of the concerted 1,2-cis α-directing action induced by the 3-O-allyl and 4,6-O-benzylidene groups in donor 2 with a C-2 acetyl group capable of neighboring-group participation, the couplings were achieved with a high degree of α selectivity. In particular, higher α/β stereoselective galactosylation (5.0:1.0) was noted in the case of the coupling of donor 2 with acceptor 12 having a β-CH3 at C-1 and benzoyl groups at C-4 and C-6. 相似文献
83.
Colin Bouchard Frédéric Lange François Guéraud Jacques Rives Cédric Tentelier 《Journal of fish biology》2020,96(4):925-938
We assessed the effects of sexual maturity on space use in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr as facultative early maturation enables us to work on individuals belonging to the same cohort. We monitored the space use of 40 1-year-old males in natura throughout a breeding season. First, mature individuals covered longer distances (absolute and upstream) and located within broader home ranges than immature parr. Second, sexual maturity also generated a higher interindividual variability in space use. Finally, mature individuals exhibited a higher probability of association with likely breeding sites on average. However, some mature individuals experienced a lower probability than immature individuals, suggesting that the space use of some mature individuals may not be optimal. Moreover, mature parr exploiting a broader home range or covering longer upstream distances had a higher probability of association with likely breeding sites. Covering longer upstream distances may therefore increase the reproductive success of mature parr, while involving higher energetic costs and a greater risk of predation. 相似文献
84.
A. Wieke Betten Anneloes Roelofsen Jacqueline E. W. Broerse 《Systems and synthetic biology》2013,7(3):127-138
The emerging field of synthetic biology has the potential to improve global health. For example, synthetic biology could contribute to efforts at vaccine development in a context in which vaccines and immunization have been identified by the international community as being crucial to international development efforts and, in particular, the millennium development goals. However, past experience with innovations shows that realizing a technology’s potential can be difficult and complex. To achieve better societal embedding of synthetic biology and to make sure it reaches its potential, science and technology development should be made more inclusive and interactive. Responsible research and innovation is based on the premise that a broad range of stakeholders with different views, needs and ideas should have a voice in the technological development and deployment process. The interactive learning and action (ILA) approach has been developed as a methodology to bring societal stakeholders into a science and technology development process. This paper proposes an ILA in five phases for an international effort, with national case studies, to develop socially robust applications of synthetic biology for global health, based on the example of vaccine development. The design is based on results of a recently initiated ILA project on synthetic biology; results from other interactive initiatives described in the literature; and examples of possible applications of synthetic biology for global health that are currently being developed. 相似文献
85.
86.
SUZANNE E. JOSEPH 《American anthropologist》2004,106(1):140-144
This research report explores some of the biocultural dimensions of maximum or near maximum fertility among Bedouin tribes in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon. The Bedouin case substantiates that very high fertility (completed family size [CFS] greater than 8.0) is found among peripheral peoples in frontier situations generated by major political-economic shifts. While the Bedouin maintained high fertility (CFS > 6.5) for approximately sixty years (1899–1960), very high fertility—linked to greater historical reliance on agriculture—was of shorter duration (1934–60). Comparisons with other very high fertility populations indicate that, at the proximate level, maximum fertility is associated with early weaning, low rates of primary sterility, and high rates of marital stability. Results also point to low subadult mortality in Bedouin society. Low mortality is best attributed to the availability of modern medical care facilities and high-quality weaning foods. 相似文献
87.
88.
面对存量规划背景下城市更新中复杂利益主体,在规划管理过程引入公众参与已逐渐成为中国广泛使用的规划策略。而面对大型的城市公共空间更新,在中国非营利组织体系并未建立完善的现况下,为使自下而上的空间需求与自上而下的规划策略有效对接,以美国纽约东海岸灾后重建计划的实施过程为例,通过比较研究,分析其中公众参与的保障机制,强调顶层法律对建立一套精准、具体的公众参与技术标准的重要性。同时探讨更新规划过程中,公众参与的途径及其中市民阶层的角色参与。讨论政府职能在整体公众参与的保障体系中所具备的多向把控、整体触媒的系统价值。研究为适用于中国国情的、基于公众参与的整体性城市公共空间更新提供新的视角和策略参考。 相似文献
89.
Nasar Meer 《Ethnic and racial studies》2014,37(10):1793-1801
This essay provides a critical reflection on the intellectual and political questions raised by The Empire Strikes Back. It argues that thirty years after the collection helped establish the politics of race at the centre of mainstream scholarly debate; these have now been pushed to the periphery of British sociology. The discussion begins by setting the book against its prevailing political economy, before commenting on the virtue and authenticity in its type of critical scholarship. The essay then moves to spotlight some of the ways in which the collection may be deemed both pioneering and limited, how we might recall the collection today. 相似文献
90.
Christopher I. Roos David M. J. S. Bowman Jennifer K. Balch Paulo Artaxo William J. Bond Mark Cochrane Carla M. D'Antonio Ruth DeFries Michelle Mack Fay H. Johnston Meg A. Krawchuk Christian A. Kull Max A. Moritz Stephen Pyne Andrew C. Scott Thomas W. Swetnam 《Journal of Biogeography》2014,41(4):833-836
In our 2011 synthesis (Bowman et al., Journal of Biogeography, 2011, 38 , 2223–2236), we argued for a holistic approach to human issues in fire science that we term ‘pyrogeography’. Coughlan & Petty (Journal of Biogeography, 2013, 40 , 1010–1012) critiqued our paper on the grounds that our ‘pyric phase’ model was built on outdated views of cultural development, claiming we developed it to be the unifying explanatory framework for all human–fire sciences. Rather, they suggest that ‘historical ecology’ could provide such a framework. We used the ‘pyric transition’ for multiple purposes but did not offer it as an exclusive explanatory framework for pyrogeography. Although ‘historical ecology’ is one of many useful approaches to studying human–fire relationships, scholars should also look to political and evolutionary ecology, ecosystems and complexity theories, as well as empirical generalizations to build an interdisciplinary fire science that incorporates human, ecological and biophysical dimensions of fire regimes. 相似文献