Mobilising mosques? The role of service attendance for political participation of Turkish and Moroccan minorities in the Netherlands

Religious service attendance has been identified as an important source of political participation among Christians and Muslims in the USA. In Europe, where religion is seen as a barrier rather than a bridge to Muslims’ integration, the role of mosque attendance for the political participation of Muslims remains understudied. This study asks whether the politically mobilizing role of service attendance extends to Muslim minorities in Europe. We examine direct and indirect effects of the frequency of religious service attendance on organizational participation, political trust and voting intentions among large nationwide samples of Turkish and Moroccan minorities in the Netherlands using multi-group structural equation modelling. Our results show that service attendance relates positively to engagement in both co-ethnic and mainstream organizations. These two forms of civic engagement translate into a greater intention to vote among Turks, but not Moroccans.     

How French Canadians became White Folks,or doing things with race in Quebec†

As far as nineteenth century Anglosaxons were concerned, French Canadians were not quite white. This article considers the racial dimension of French-Canadian subjugation, long elided and ignored by historians. However, the descendants of French Canadians are no longer construed, and no longer construe themselves, as a racialized group, but rather as a modern, white, western nation. These changes in racial assignment still influence how French and English Canadians make sense of Canadian politics and identities today. Although Quebec's dual majority/minority status in Canada has been well studied, this article also taps into critical race and whiteness studies to examine how notions of evolution, civilization and progress continue to influence how to do things with race in Quebec.     

Synthesis of 6-deoxy-5-thio- -glucose

Three routes were investigated for the conversion of -glucose into the title compound. In the first approach, reduction of the 5,6-thürane ring of 5,6-dideoxy-5,6-epithio-1,2-O-isopropylidene α- -glucofuranose (17) as well as that of its 3-O-allyl derivative (13) with lithium aluminium hydride was investigated; 17 afforded the corresponding 6-deoxy derivative besides di-, tri-, and poly-mers, whereas only polymers were formed from 13. In the second approach, the oxirane ring of

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was reduced by sodium borohydride and the resulting 6-deoxy derivative was converted into the 5-thiobenzoate; the corresponding hex-4-enofuranose was formed as a byproduct. In the third approach partial mesylation of methyl 5-thio-α- -glucopyranoside was attempted, but the 6-mesylate 27 could be isolated only in modest yield (28%) together with rearranged 2,5-thioanhydromannofuranoside derivatives. The mechanism of this rearrangement is discussed in detail. The 6-mesylate 27 was converted via the 6-iodo derivative into the title compound.     

《生物多样性公约》企业与生物多样性全球平台的发展情况及对中国的政策建议

《生物多样性公约》(以下简称《公约》)是国际社会协力保护生物多样性最主要的公约, 也是中国参与和引领全球生态文明建设的重要平台。《公约》一直不断推动企业参与生物多样性保护的相关工作和国际体系建设。该国际体系主要包括两大支柱: 一是“企业与生物多样性全球伙伴关系”国际机制(Global Partnership on Business and Biodiversity, 以下简称GPBB机制); 二是“企业与生物多样性全球伙伴关系”资源平台(Global Platform for Business and Biodiversity, 以下简称GPBB平台)。前者是工作组织和资金机制, 后者是前者的技术支持和保障机制, 二者相辅相成, 协同增效。总体来看, 自1996年《公约》第三次缔约方大会(COP-3)以来, GPBB平台的相关概念和机制不断发展完善, 至今已形成了一个GPBB平台在线数据库, 可为我国推进相关工作提供技术支撑。通过梳理总结GPBB平台及其相关机制等的发展情况, 得出: (1)企业参与生物多样性保护的意愿及对GPBB平台的需求日益增强; (2)《公约》对企业参与的要求更加明确; (3)《公约》对如何促进企业参与生物多样性的路线图更加清晰; (4) GPBB机制已基本建立; (5) GPBB平台已基本完善。展望未来, GPBB平台发展将有望继续保持以下三大趋势: (1)平台建设力度将不断加强; (2)平台的影响将不断提升; (3)平台发展将向重点部门倾斜。目前, GPBB平台可提供相关最新研究成果、方法学、工具、自愿性标准和指引、简报、最佳实践案例等免费信息, 以及一系列项目实施过程中的企业参与机会, 以支持企业在决策和运营中纳入生物多样性, 并鼓励支持各国政府、企业、非政府组织和学术科研机构等多利益相关方共同参与、贡献与受益。中国自2015年正式加入GPBB机制后, 对各成员国的企业参与倡议开展了较为深入的研究, 为成立发起“中国企业与生物多样性伙伴关系”(CBBP)联盟倡议做出有益探索。但总体而言, 对GPBB平台的研究借鉴以及参与建设还有很多工作可做。我们建议: (1)在制度贡献方面, 应加强政策研究, 研提COP-15企业参与新决议草案; (2)在机制建设方面, 积极参与和逐渐引领GPBB机制建设, 协力支撑一带一路等中国倡议; (3)在人员保障方面, 加强人才队伍建设, 提升引领能力; (4)在GPBB平台方面, 加强研究借鉴和技术参与, 为GPBB平台建设提供技术支持。     

基于参与式制图的城市保护地生态系统文化服务价值评价——以上海共青森林公园为例

生态系统服务价值定量化评价及其空间制图可以为确定生态系统文化服务(CES)优先保护地域提供有效途径.本研究以上海共青森林公园为例,采用问卷和结构式访谈结合参与式制图(PPGIS)方法,将非货币CES价值和空间信息结合,把丰度、多样性和稀有度指数转化为空间生态综合指数,定量评价了CES价值及其空间分布,识别出优先保护地域.结果表明: 不同景观类型的CES价值分布不同,共青森林公园美学服务价值主要分布在相对开阔的草地、滨水和疏林区,滨水区具有较高的社会关系和灵感价值.多样性较高价值区主要沿湖滨水分布,而稀有度价值较高区域多分布在森林和草地区.通过对8个梯度阈值生态指数的最高值区域进行叠加,验证了25%为有效划分阈值,能够更准确划分公园CES优先保护范围.该方法引入公众参与,实现了使用者体验的空间化、定量化、类型化,建立了景观、空间、体验的地域关系,可为城市保护地优先保护地域划分及其规划管理提供重要依据.     

The long-run effects of adolescent athletic participation on women’s health

Increased athletic opportunities have been shown to improve educational and labor force outcomes, however few studies have linked athletic participation to health later in life. We use the implementation of Title IX, legislation banning gender discrimination in educational programs in the U.S., to estimate the effect of increased access to high school athletic opportunities on women’s later life health. Our results indicate that increased participation leads to fewer days in poor mental health, reduced BMI and rates of obesity, lower smoking rates, and some evidence of a reduced likelihood of a diabetes diagnosis. However, we find no impact of high school athletic participation on the number of days in poor physical health and current exercise, and a positive relationship between participation and alcohol consumption.     

Probabilistic participation in public goods games

Voluntary participation in public goods games (PGGs) has turned out to be a simple but effective mechanism for promoting cooperation under full anonymity. Voluntary participation allows individuals to adopt a risk-aversion strategy, termed loner. A loner refuses to participate in unpromising public enterprises and instead relies on a small but fixed pay-off. This system leads to a cyclic dominance of three pure strategies, cooperators, defectors and loners, but at the same time, there remain two considerable restrictions: the addition of loners cannot stabilize the dynamics and the time average pay-off for each strategy remains equal to the pay-off of loners. Here, we introduce probabilistic participation in PGGs from the standpoint of diversification of risk, namely simple mixed strategies with loners, and prove the existence of a dynamical regime in which the restrictions ono longer hold. Considering two kinds of mixed strategies associated with participants (cooperators or defectors) and non-participants (loners), we can recover all basic evolutionary dynamics of the two strategies: dominance; coexistence; bistability; and neutrality, as special cases depending on pairs of probabilities. Of special interest is that the expected pay-off of each mixed strategy exceeds the pay-off of loners at some interior equilibrium in the coexistence region.     

绿色参与式社区：加强城市景观的社会行动

介绍了位于洛哈市西南的提阿拉斯·科罗拉达斯（Tierras Coloradas）街区绿地和城市形象提升项目。以风景园林参与式设计方法为基础,该方法分5个阶段开展,从民众的主观批判精神开始,构成了参与行动的原动力。整个过程是在社区普及教学的进程中制定的,妇女是必须的参与者,共同找出邻里的问题和可能的解决办法。为此,普及教学是很有必要的,有助于未来社区项目的执行。重要的成果是,我们对部分城市街区进行了重新造林,改变了城市景观的形象,强化了社区体系, 促使社区在改善公共人行步道绿地方面开展合作。从专业的角度认为其主要效果是引导民众打破主观社区的非个人主观限制,为项目开展和参与打下基础。项目的整个社区干预过程是在高校、社区警察局、市政府等公共机构的支持下进行的,发挥着真正的协同作用,并齐心协力致力于该区块邻里间的自我发展,为未来与自然环境的友好关系奠定基础,这些都将影响社区的生活质量。     

转基因大米品尝会:中国情境下的公众参与科学

以转基因大米品尝会为例,通过问卷调查、访谈法、观察法研究由公众主动发起的科学传播活动及其参与者。描述了该类活动的发起和组织过程,发现参与者是一群热爱科学、认同科学价值并愿意传播科学的人,他们的行动对自己、对亲友、对社会都产生了一定的影响。转基因大米品尝会以及类似的活动是转型期中国情境下的公众参与科学实践。     

生物类专业课程思政教学改革初探——以生物化学为例

课程思政教学改革近两年来获得广泛关注。如何在专业课教学中融入思政元素以达到二者协同育人的目的,是值得我们思考的问题。生物化学与微生物学、细胞生物学等课程具有显著的共性和关联,是生物类专业的重要基础课程。结合本科生生物化学课堂教学中的具体例子,本文介绍了课程思政教学改革的经验,重点探讨如何发掘专业知识点的思政内涵,为相关生物类专业课程思政教学改革提供参考。