Total Tocopherols,Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids Content Variation of Pistacia atlantica from Different Organs’ Crude Oils and Their Antioxidant Activity during Development Stages

The current study investigated the effect of developmental stages on the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of fifteen crude oil samples obtained from Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves, galls, and fruits. Twelve fatty acids were detected by GC/FID, linolenic acid (C18 : 3) was the major fatty acid detected in leaves crude oils that registered [41.73 % (P<0.05)] on the last stage. The best content of tocopherols and carotenoids was recorded at the last stage for leaves and galls oils, respectively, with values of [1.530±0.01, 0.52±0.01 (P<0.05) mg α‐tocopherol equivalent/g DW] and [86.60±0.95, 69.15±0.13 (P<0.05) μg β‐carotene equivalent/g DW]. For fruits oils, the content varied depending on the levels of fruits maturation. The results from DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays revealed that the antioxidant activity increased with the increasing content of tocopherols and carotenoids in leaves and galls oils during development stages, and varied for fruits oils depending on the ripening stages. Moreover, according to PCA analysis, the best phytoconstituent content and antioxidant activity were attributed to P. atlantica Desf. fruit's crude oils. Also, a strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity and bioactive phytochemical components, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and omega‐three fatty acid, which confirmed that P. atlantica Desf. crude oils present a valuable source of natural antioxidant that could be used for pharmaceutical and food industries purposes.     

松籽油的干式酶法提取工艺优化与理化性质分析

应用单因素实验设计对干式酶法松籽油提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,干式酶法提取松籽油最佳制备工艺为：0.2%淀粉酶、料液比为6：1、酶解温度为55℃、酶解时间为8 h,所得最大出油率为90.2%,残油率为6.2%。经检测最佳制备条件提取的松籽油不饱和脂肪酸的含量为90.09%,其中油酸含量为26.84%,介酸含量为2.41%、亚油酸含量为46.25%、皮诺敛酸为14.59%;饱和脂肪酸中棕榈酸含量为6.5%、硬脂酸为3.41%。松籽油酸价为2.61 mg·g^-1、过氧化值为1.56 mmol·kg^-1、丙二醛含量为0.41 mg·kg^-1。所有检测结果均高于《中华人民共和国粮食行业标准LS/T 3242-2014》松籽油中质量标准的要求。     

β-环糊精包合红松籽油的制备工艺及生物利用度评价

介绍了单因素法优化红松籽油包合物的制备工艺,在最优条件下制备的红松籽油包合物固化率为70.95%,包合物含油率为26.88%。且对红松籽油和红松籽油包合物脂肪酸组分、粒径、电位和生物利用度进行对比。研究结果表明,包合物中红松籽油的各组分含量与红松籽油中各组分含量无明显差异,其中皮诺敛酸的含量为14%~16%。红松籽油包合物的平均粒径为177.3±2.6 nm,电位为-33.01±1.4 mV。红松籽油包合物组的血药最大浓度（Cmax）是红松籽油组的1.27倍,t1/2a是红松籽油的1.42倍;AUC值是红松籽油1.56倍;平均滞留时间（MRT）是红松籽油的1.04倍。因此,通过本实验说明红松籽油包合物与水溶液形成乳剂,粒径减小,水溶性增大,增加了包合物在体内的t1/2a和平均滞留时间（MRT）,提高了皮诺敛酸在体内的吸收。     

秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用

本研究考察了秋葵籽油对高强度运动所致肝损伤的保护作用及机制。研究显示,对昆明小鼠灌胃不同剂量(10 mg/kg,20 mg/kg和50 mg/kg)的秋葵籽油4周后,秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油降低了小鼠血清乳酸和尿素氮水平,并升高了血清游离脂肪酸和肝糖原水平(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油以剂量依赖性方式提高了小鼠肝脏组织中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,并抑制了MDA的合成(p<0.05)。秋葵籽油抑制了力竭游泳诱导的小鼠血清CK、AST和ALT水平及肝脏组织NO水平的升高(p<0.05)。此外,苏木精和伊红(HE)染色证实了秋葵籽油减轻了力竭游泳诱导的肝脏病理改变。因此,本研究初步结论表明,在高强度运动过程中,秋葵籽油可通过抑制乳酸和尿素氮的积累、增加脂肪动员、降低糖原消耗、减弱氧化应激损伤等多种途径来对肝脏发挥保护作用。     

Kinetic,isotherm and thermodynamic investigations on adsorption of trace elements and pigments from soybean oil using high voltage electric field-assisted bleaching: A comparative study

In this study, the amounts of trace elements (Fe (II) and Cu (II)) and pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid) in soybean oil were evaluated under high voltage electric field (HVEF) bleaching method at different voltage (10 and 20 kV), temperature (35–65 °C), time (0−30 min) and clay percentage (0.5–2 %) and then were compared to the industrial bleaching method (IBM). The kinetic data of ions and pigments adsorbed on activated bentonite clay under IBM and HVEF at two voltages of 10 and 20 kV followed the mechanism of the pseudo-first-order model (PFOM). The carotenoid and chlorophyll equilibrium data followed a Freundlich isotherm type model, which demonstrated multilayer adsorption under HVEF. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) displayed that the adsorption of trace metal ions and pigments on bentonite clay under IBM and HVEF were feasible, endothermic and spontaneous between 35 and 65 °C. The results indicated that the HVEF, especially at higher voltage, has a high remarkable capability to remove metal ions and pigments from soybean oil than the IBM. The highest removal capacity for metal and pigments of soybean oil bleaching were obtained in the order of HVEF-20 kV > HVEF-10 kV > IBM.     

Protective effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) against diethylnitrosamine-induced renal injury in rats

Abstract

Context: The kidney plays a central role in detoxification and excretion of toxic metabolites, and therefore, is susceptible to toxicity by xenobiotics.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) powder and its essential (volatile) oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced renal injury in rats.

Materials and methods: Phenolic and flavonoid components were characterised in rosemary powder using HPLC-UV instrument while rosemary essential oil (E.O) was investigated via GC-MS technique. In rat model, rosemary was administrated orally (in diet) for two months. Lipid profile, antioxidant biomarkers, kidney functions and histopathological examinations were assessed.

Results: Hesperidin (4878.88?ppm) and ellagic acid (403.57?ppm) are among the major phenolic and flavonoid constituents in rosemary powder. Camphor (18.36%) and α-pinene (12.74%) represent the main E.O active ingredients. Rats treated with rosemary E.O showed a significant elevation in serum HDL (28.28%) accompanied by a decrease in LDL (115.47%). A significant decrease in serum creatinine and urea was also reported (69.72 and 109.89%, respectively). Moreover, serum glutathione peroxidise (GSH-Px) activity has been significantly increased. Kidney histopathological examinations confirmed the protective effect against DEN-induced abnormalities.

Conclusion: Rosemary (powder/E.O) was able to reduce or even prevent the severity of diethylnitrosamine-induced renal dysfunction.     

Screening of lipases for production of novel structured lipids from single cell oils

Lipids enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids are very susceptible to oxidation, causing the formation of potentially harmful oxidized products. Hence, it is critical to keep the temperature as low as possible during reaction and storage. In this study, five commercial immobilized lipases were evaluated for their capability to produce novel structured lipids (SLs) enriched with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) through acidolysis of single cell oil (SCO) with capric acid. Among the examined lipases, NS40086 and Lipozyme RM IM showed the highest incorporation degree. The acidolysis reactions resulted in an obvious variation in the fatty acids composition as well as their positional distribution. The obtained SLs contained (33.58 %–34.09 %) capric acid at sn-1, 3 positions with increasing the content of arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position up to (49.82 %–50.25 %). The NS40086 lipase displayed 1, 3 regiospecificity towards the TAG of SCO. The acidolysis reactions using NS40086 lipase resulted in a generation of 23 TAG molecular species containing capric acid. Moreover, the NS40086 lipase was more active than Lipozyme RM IM at relatively low temperatures (35 °C and 40 °C), which could be used effectively as a promising biocatalyst in lipid synthesis.     

Urinary and air biomonitoring of occupational exposure to benzene in oil pit workers

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the personal exposure to benzene and its relationship with biomonitoring and quantitative risk assessment among the personnel working and living near oil pits. This study was conducted in one of oil subsidiary companies in Kharg in 2017. Airborne benzene exposure was evaluated over 8-h periods during work-shift by using personal active samplers. Urinary O-Cresol levels were determined using GC-FID for separation and detection. The highest mean concentration of airborne benzene was at monitoring location, A (0.53?ppm), monitoring location H (0.59?ppm) in the spring, monitoring location M (0.72?ppm) and monitoring location P (0.8?ppm) in the summer, which was more than suggested by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. No direct linear relationship was found between the concentration of airborne benzene, age, work experience, urinary creatinine, and O-Cresol in this study (p?>?.05). No significant difference was observed between urinary O-Cresol and benzene in occupational groups and different seasons (p?>?.05). The highest mean quantitative risk of cancers was observed in summer (1.21?±?0.47). According to the results of this study, urinary biomarker O-Cresol is not a suitable measure for evaluating exposure to environmental benzene.