Preliminary comparison of atmospheric CO2 enhancement to photosynthesis of Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales,Rhodophyta) leafy thalli and filamentous thalli

Intertidal macroalgae are submerged in seawater at high tide and exposed to air at low tide. When they are exposed to the air, CO₂ is the main inorganic carbon source. In this study, the photosynthetic performances of PSI and PSII were measured in different generations of Pyropia yezoensis (leafy thalli and filamentous thalli) that had been exposed to air containing different CO₂ concentrations. Changes in photosynthesis during dehydration and salt treatment under the different CO₂ concentrations were also analyzed. The results showed that in leafy thalli, the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (YII) was enhanced as CO₂ increased, which suggested that CO₂ assimilation was enhanced and that they can utilize CO₂ in the air directly, even when they are subjected to moderate stress. These findings could explain why, in P. yezoensis aquaculture, moderate exposure to air does not lead to a decrease in crop yield. However, in filamentous thalli, there were no significant differences in YII at the CO₂ concentrations tested. The expression of genes involved in the Calvin cycle in leafy thalli was higher than that in filamentous thalli. CO₂ uptake and biomass of P. yezoensis leafy thalli is larger than filamentous thalli, which may be due to its different carbon utilization mechanism and the adaptation of intertidal environment in the evolutionary process.     

Toward a High‐Performance All‐Plastic Full Battery with a'Single Organic Polymer as Both Cathode and Anode

The design and fabrication of high‐performance all‐plastic batteries is essentially important to achieve future flexible electronics. A major challenge in this field is the lack of stable and reliable soft organic electrodes with satisfactory performance. Here, a novel all‐plastic‐electrode based Li‐ion battery with a single flexible bi‐functional ladderized heterocyclic poly(quinone), (C₆O₂S₂)_n, as both cathode and anode is demonstrated. Benefiting from its unique ladder‐like quinone and dithioether structure, the as‐prepared polymer cathode shows a high energy density of 624 Wh kg^?1 (vs lithium anode) and a stable battery life of 1000 cycles. Moreover, the as‐fabricated symmetric full‐battery delivers a large capacity of 249 mAh g^?1 (at 20 mA g^?1), a good capacity retention of 119 mAh g^?1 after 250 cycles (at 1.0 A g^?1) and a noteworthy energy density up to 276 Wh kg^?1. The superior performance of poly(2,3‐dithiino‐1,4‐benzoquinone)‐based electrode rivals most of the state‐of‐the‐art demonstrations on organic‐based metal‐ion shuttling batteries. The study provides an effective strategy to develop stable bi‐functional electrode materials toward the next‐generation of high performance all‐plastic batteries.     

Anton Chekhov and Robert Koch Cheek to Cheek: A Proteomic Study

Five different letters and post cards as well as the shirt worn by Anton Chekhov on his death bed, stored in the State Literary‐Memorial Museum‐Reserve A. P. Chekhov Melikhovo (nearby Moscow), have been analyzed by applying EVA (an ethyl vinyl acetate foil studded with crushed strong anion and cation exchangers and with C₈ resins) diskettes to these surfaces. Three different eluates (under acidic and basic conditions and with acetonitrile) were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry. The environmental microbiota present on samples and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain were described by a meta‐proteomics approach. Eight identified M. tuberculosis proteins confirmed the presence of the bacterium and the cause of Chekhov's death, in addition to several sequenced peptides belonging to other bacterial species. The human plasma proteins and human keratins, detected on a tiny blood spot on the shirt, demonstrated the power of the combined approach.     

肝囊型包虫病非手术治疗方法的研究进展

肝囊型包虫病(简称肝包虫病)是一种由细粒棘球蚴感染肝脏引起的人兽共患寄生虫病,严重危害人类以及家畜的健康。近年来,由于该病术后复发率较高且易出现并发症,非手术治疗方法如介入技术、放射治疗以及药物治疗均得到了不断的发展。介入技术对于肝包虫病的治疗是一种比较新颖的方法,其临床应用时间较短,主要包括经皮穿刺治疗、射频消融、门静脉栓塞,以经皮穿刺治疗最为常见。放射治疗肝包虫病尚处于研究阶段,效果尚不完全明确。苯并咪唑类药物及其新剂型、非苯并咪唑类药物如地塞米松等及中草药治疗肝包虫病也均具有各自的优缺点。本文主要对上述非手术治疗方法及优缺点进行了综述。     

Patient education-level affects treatment allocation and prognosis in esophageal- and gastroesophageal junctional cancer in Sweden

BackgroundLow socioeconomic status and poor education elevate the risk of developing esophageal- and junctional cancer. High education level also increases survival after curative surgery. The present study aimed to investigate associations, if any, between patient education-level and treatment allocation after diagnosis of esophageal- and junctional cancer and its subsequent impact on survival.MethodsA nation-wide cohort study was undertaken. Data from a Swedish national quality register for esophageal cancer (NREV) was linked to the National Cancer Register, National Patient Register, Prescribed Drug Register, Cause of Death Register and educational data from Statistics Sweden. The effect of education level (low; ≤9 years, intermediate; 10–12 years and high >12 years) on the probability of allocation to curative treatment was analyzed with logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier-method and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effect of education on survival.ResultsA total of 4112 patients were included. In a multivariate logistic regression model, high education level was associated with greater probability of allocation to curative treatment (adjusted OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.08–2.03, p = 0,014) as was adherence to a multidisciplinary treatment-conference (adjusted OR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.40–4.08, p < 0,001). High education level was associated with improved survival in the patients allocated to curative treatment (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69–0.99, p = 0,036).DiscussionIn this nation-wide cohort of esophageal- and junctional cancer patients, including data regarding many confounders, high education level was associated with greater probability of being offered curative treatment and improved survival.     

基于社区生活圈尺度的城市绿色基础设施空间分布与居民就医行为关系研究—以福州市中心城区为例

本研究根据对研究案例区常住居民空间行为轨迹的刻画,就社区生活圈内公园绿地、绿化水平、文化设施、体育健身设施和医疗卫生设施的空间分布与常住居民就医频次的关系进行了分析。发现评价单元内公园绿地面积和绿化水平与居民就医频次具有比较明显的负相关,而文化体育设施与居民就医频次的相关性不明显。在此基础上,进一步分析评价单元内医疗卫生设施的影响,发现其数量、可达性的提高在一定程度上提升了居民就医的频次。故此,便利易得的医疗卫生服务可能增加居民的就医频次,而城市中公园绿地的建设则对于降低居民就医频次有一定的显著作用。相较于增加集中的公园绿地面积,整体性的提高绿化水平则更有益于居民就医频次的降低。     

Epstein-Barr病毒相关淋巴瘤的研究进展

Epstein-Barr病毒（Epstein-Barr virus,EBV）是第1个被发现与人类肿瘤发生相关的病毒,且越来越多的数据表明其感染与某些淋巴瘤的发生发展、治疗及预后密切相关。近年来免疫治疗手段发展迅速,但EBV阳性淋巴瘤的治疗目前主要仍以放化疗为基础,结合抗病毒药物。因此,加强EBV及其相关淋巴瘤的研究,寻找有效预防或治疗EBV感染的方法,将有望改善EBV阳性淋巴瘤患者的预后。     

Temperature and humidity acclimation increase desiccation resistance in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana

Desiccation resistance, that is, the ability to reduce water loss, is an ecologically important trait relevant to all terrestrial organisms, which may constrain species distributions. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have investigated plastic capacities in desiccation resistance. We here investigate plastic responses in body mass change, used as a proxy of desiccation resistance, to variation in temperature and relative humidity in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Our results indicate that butterflies acclimated to a higher (27 °C) compared with a lower temperature (18 °C) and a lower (50%) compared with a higher (90%) relative humidity displayed a decreased loss of body mass, and therefore likely a loss of body water (27 °C: 11%, 18 °C: 15%; 50% r.h.: 14%, 90% r.h.: 18%). Thus, mass loss was reduced under conditions indicating increased desiccation risk, suggesting adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Effects were most pronounced during the first 24 h after acclimation, indicating quick and transient responses to environmental conditions. As anthropogenic climate change is predicted to increase the magnitude and frequency of heat and drought periods, we argue that more studies on plastic capacities in traits relating to desiccation resistance are needed to better understand species responses.     

Recent advances in polysaccharide bio-based flocculants

Natural polysaccharides, derived from biomass feedstocks, marine resources, and microorganisms, have been attracting considerable attention as benign and environmentally friendly substitutes for synthetic polymeric products. Besides many other applications, these biopolymers are rapidly emerging as viable alternatives to harmful synthetic flocculating agents for the removal of contaminants from water and wastewater. In recent years, a great deal of effort has been devoted to improve the production and performance of polysaccharide bio-based flocculants. In this review, current trends in preparation and chemical modification of polysaccharide bio-based flocculants and their flocculation performance are discussed. Aspects including mechanisms of flocculation, biosynthesis, classification, purification and characterization, chemical modification, the effect of physicochemical factors on flocculating activity, and recent applications of polysaccharide bio-based flocculants are summarized and presented.