铝处理下小麦幼苗根系膜脂过氧化作用 和质膜微囊ATP酶活性的变化

采用水培的方法研究了Al对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.cv Yangmai No.5）幼苗的生长、根尖组织膜脂过氧化作用、保护酶的活性和质膜结合酶H     

Characterization of lipid efflux particles generated by seminal phospholipid-binding proteins

We reported recently that the choline phospholipid-binding proteins (BSP-A1/-A2, BSP-A3 and BSP-30-kDa) of bovine seminal plasma (BSP) stimulate cholesterol and choline phospholipid efflux from fibroblasts. In this study, we characterized the lipid efflux particles generated by BSP proteins. The density gradient ultracentrifugation of the efflux medium from radiolabeled fibroblasts incubated with BSP proteins showed a single peak of [³H]cholesterol between density (d) 1.12 and 1.14 g/ml, which is in the range of high-density lipoproteins. Size-exclusion chromatographic and immunoblot analysis revealed that the efflux particles have a large size equal to or bigger than very low-density lipoproteins and contained BSP proteins. Lipid analysis of density gradient and gel filtration fractions from efflux medium of simultaneously labeled fibroblasts ([³H]cholesterol and [³H]choline) incubated with BSP proteins showed that the efflux particles were homogeneous and composed of cholesterol and choline phospholipids. The lipid particles contained BSP proteins, cholesterol and choline phospholipids in molar ratio of 0.05:1.21:1, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the BSP-generated lipid particles had a γ migration pattern which is slower than low-density lipoproteins. The sonication of cholesterol and BSP proteins followed by gel filtration chromatographic analysis indicated no direct binding of cholesterol to BSP proteins. These results taken together indicate that BSP proteins induce a concomitant cholesterol and choline phospholipid efflux and generate large protein–lipid particles.     

Application of Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-SRXF) and X-Ray Microanalysis (SEM/EDX) for the Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Trace Element Accumulation in Woody Plants

Different analytical techniques were applied to describe the localization of lead and chromium in the tissues of walnut (Juglans regia) and maple (Acer saccharinum) plants exposed to soils that had been artificially contaminated with heavy metals. Two X-ray-based techniques, synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (μ-SRXF) and X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX), were utilized in association with induced coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). These techniques allowed the definition of maps showing a preferential accumulation of lead in the root periderm of both plants and a limited translocation of the metal to the stems. Accordingly, estimation of the lead concentration with ICP-OES showed that roots contained, on a dry weight basis, 20 to 40 times more metal than stems. Chromium, supplied to the plants as Cr³⁺ or Cr⁶⁺, was taken up only in the latter case and in limited amounts. In general, walnut was more efficient than maple in the uptake of lead and chromium. The combination of X-ray-based techniques and ICP-OES proved to be a powerful quantitative tool in mapping, with high definition, the sites of metal storage in plant tissues.     

Effects of salmon calcitonin and anti-salmon calcitonin antibody on plasma calcium concentrations in the goldfish,Carassius auratus

The role of calcitonin (CT) in plasma calcium regulation was studied by the administration of exogenous CT and anti-salmon(s) CT antibody using goldfish,Carasius auratus, loaded or otherwise with calcium. CT elicited a decrease in plasma calcium concentrations at a dose of 10 ng/g body weight 1 h after administration. However, no effects were observed following doses of 30 ng and 50 ng/g 1 h, nor for the three doses 3 h after administration. In calcium-loaded fish, the effect of CT was different depending on the dosage of CT. Ten ng and 50 ng/g induced a decrease and an increase in plasma calcium concentrations, respectively, 3 h after administration. Anti-sCT antibody (0.02 μg or 0.1 μg/g) did not affect plasma calcium concentrations. In calcium-loaded fish, neither dose of anti-sCT antibody changed plasma calcium concentrations 1 h after administration. However, following a dose of 0.1 μg/g, plasma calcium concentrations decreased after 3 h. A positive correlation between plasma calcium concentrations and the gonad somatic index (GSI) in females was no longer apparent after administration of anti-sCT antibody. There was no relationship between plasma calcium concentrations and GSI in control and anti-sCT antibody-treated males. These results suggested that CT regulates plasma calcium concentrations in different ways depending on the dosage with CT having a role in calcium physiology during vitellogenesis.     

高效棉酚降解枯草芽孢杆菌M-4菌株的常压室温等离子体诱变及发酵工艺优化

【背景】棉粕中游离棉酚的存在制约了棉粕作为饲料蛋白源的利用,棉酚的微生物降解问题成为研究热点。本实验室前期发现枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis) M-4菌株具有较强的降解棉酚能力,而且已经应用于棉粕脱毒工业。【目的】进一步提高枯草芽孢杆菌M-4菌株降解棉粕中棉酚的能力,扩大棉粕在养殖业的应用领域。【方法】采用常压室温等离子体诱变(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)技术对菌株M-4进行诱变,以液体培养条件下的棉酚降解率为初筛指标,筛选获得正向突变株。以棉粕固体发酵条件下的棉酚降解率为复筛指标,测定初筛获得的正向突变株实际降解棉粕中游离棉酚的能力。以棉酚残存量和棉酚降解率为检测指标,采用单因素试验优化固体条件下棉粕发酵条件,获得突变株发酵棉粕的最适工艺参数。【结果】初筛获得正向突变株19株。复筛得到一株高效的突变株MY-4-17,在棉粕固体发酵条件下其棉酚降解率高达97.15%,比菌株M-4的棉酚降解率提高了2.55%。经过5次传代培养,突变株MY-4-17的遗传稳定性良好。突变株MY-4-17发酵棉粕的最适工艺参数为...     

Plasma proteome profiling of healthy individuals across the life span in a Sicilian cohort with long‐lived individuals

The study of healthy human aging is important for shedding light on the molecular mechanisms behind aging to promote well‐being and to possibly predict and/or avoid the development of age‐related disorders such as atherosclerosis and diabetes. Herein, we have employed an untargeted mass spectrometry‐based approach to study age‐related protein changes in a healthy Sicilian plasma cohort including long‐lived individuals. This approach confirmed some of the previously known proteins correlated with age including fibulin‐1, dystroglycan, and gamma‐glutamyl hydrolase. Furthermore, our findings include novel proteins that correlate with age and/or with location and uric acid, which could represent a unique signature for healthy aging.     

鸟类的父本行为及其内分泌调控机制研究进展

飞翔能力帮助鸟类极大地扩展了生存空间,使其能够迅速移动来应对各种局部环境的变化。然而,个体发育早期,不具备这样的能力,使其极不适应环境,需要大量的亲本照顾。不同于哺乳类动物主要依赖母本行为,雄性鸟类表现出了大量的父本行为,诸如筑巢行为、孵卵行为和育雏行为等。针对这一系列行为及其调控机制,本文进行了归纳:1)筑巢行为常常伴随着雄性的求偶行为,睾酮对两种行为均有促进作用,加压素也促进筑巢行为。2)孵卵行为可以传递热量,保护和帮助子代发育;同时会刺激泌乳素释放,而泌乳素又会进一步促进孵卵行为;此时的睾酮水平下降。3)育雏行为与雏鸟的发育速度有关,晚成鸟需要更多的父本照顾;与孵卵行为的调控相似,泌乳素升高,睾酮降低;孕酮也参与调控父本行为。4)环境压力通过影响皮质酮和泌乳素水平的变化,调节鸟类的父本行为。综上,在鸟类父本行为形成和表现过程中,睾酮和泌乳素先后发挥着主要的调控作用,并且受到环境压力的影响。然而,在神经内分泌水平上,研究非常缺乏,需要加强。     

The chicken egg yolk plasma and granule proteomes

Using 1-D SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS, and MS(3), we identified 119 proteins from chicken egg yolk, 86 of which were not identified in yolk previously. Proteins were roughly quantitated by calculating their exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) to classify them as major or minor yolk components, and to estimate their distribution between yolk plasma and yolk granular fraction. The proteins with highest abundance were serum albumin, the vitellogenin cleavage products, apovitellenins, IgY, ovalbumin, and 12 kDa serum protein with cross-reactivity to beta2-microglobulin. In addition yolk contained many other serum and egg white proteins, the proteases nothepsin and thrombin, numerous protease inhibitors, and antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Among the moderately abundant proteins were two alpha2-macroglobulin-like proteins different from egg white alpha2-macroglobulin, and the major biotin-binding protein of yolk. An unexpected identification was that of the eggshell matrix protein ovocleidin-116, which was previously thought to be eggshell-specific. The list of chicken egg yolk proteins provided in this report is by far the most comprehensive at present and may serve as a starting point for the characterization of less well-known yolk proteins.     

生物转化对甲基苯甲酸合成对苯二甲酸的研究

在单加氧酶和脱氢酶系的作用下,睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌DSM6577以对甲基苯甲酸（p-TOL）为唯一碳源,生物催化生成对苯二甲酸（PTA）,并对其细胞生长、底物代谢和产物生成过程进行了研究。结果表明,底物在8h内即可完全代谢,但检测到产物的生成需要更长的时间。