“丹莓1号”草莓脱毒组培快繁技术研究

以适合东北地区生长的"丹莓1号"草莓优良品种为研究对象,系统开展脱毒组培快繁技术研究。以"丹莓1号"草莓的茎尖为外植体,考察了不同植物激素对于不定芽诱导、增殖及生根的影响,同时也考察了移栽基质对于组培苗驯化成活的影响,确定了MS+1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L^-1 2,4-D为茎尖不定芽诱导的最佳培养基,MS+1 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.3 mg·L^-1 NAA为不定芽增殖的最佳培养基,MS+0.4 mg·L^-1 IBA为不定芽生根的最佳培养基,苗圃土：蛭石：珍珠岩=1：2：1为草莓组培苗成活率最高的移栽基质。本研究为"丹莓1号"优良草莓品种脱毒苗的规模化繁育奠定了理论基础。     

罗汉果组培苗生物学特性研究

对罗汉果组培苗生育周期、生长发育习性以及生态适应性进行观测,结果表明:年全生育期为240～260d,定植当年即可正常开花结实。根系与块茎有两个增长高峰期,分别为开花结果期(7月上、中旬)、枯苗期(11月上旬～12月上旬);茎蔓在定植20d内生长较缓慢,之后逐步加快,其中主蔓和一级侧蔓构成植株空间骨架结构,二级侧蔓和三级侧蔓为主要结果蔓;开花座果盛期在7月下旬至8月中旬,花、果着生位置以二级侧蔓的6～15节和三级侧蔓的3～18节为主,点花授粉宜在雌雄花开放的当天上午进行,果实的生长膨大约在座果后的30d内完成,但果实发育成熟约需80d。生长发育的适温为22～28℃,其中旬温25～28℃时对花果生育最为适宜;生长过程中应保持土壤湿润和80%以上的空气湿度;全生育期对氮和钾的吸收量较大,但在生殖生长期,尤其在结果盛期与果实发育期,对磷、钾的需求增加。     

野生天麻DNA导入马铃薯实现遗传转化的研究

采用浸苗法将野生天麻总DNA导入马铃薯试管苗,对筛选得到的转化植株进行蛋白及药用成份的分析。结果显示:(1)在200株转化的马铃薯中有21株的紫外扫描图谱与正常对照组有显著差异,且在220nm有明显吸收峰。(2)5株经PCR扩增出野生天麻抗真菌蛋白(GAFP)基因。(3)转基因马铃薯与正常马铃薯的蛋白表达有明显差异,并且在转基因马铃薯中有一条与野生天麻抗真菌蛋白(GAFP)相同的条带。而正常马铃薯中无此条带。(4)通过薄层层析法检测出3株转基因马铃薯表达野生天麻的有效药用成份天麻素。说明采用浸苗法进行外源总DNA导入是可行的。     

影响体胚发生途径香蕉(Musa spp.,AAB Group)植株再生的因素

香蕉品种‘Agbagaba'和‘Orishele'的胚性细胞悬浮系(ECS)在液体培养基中分别预培养1和2周后,将其接种在RD1和M3培养基上,于光照或黑暗条件下进行体胚的再生.从沉积细胞体积(SCV)为1 mL(1 mL SCV)的ECS获得的再生体胚数量因预培养时间、再生培养基的种类及培养条件的不同而异.植株的再生率及从1 mL SCV的ECS获得的再生植株数量也受上述体胚再生条件的间接影响.     

西瓜组培苗嫁接技术的研究

西瓜组培苗往往不易移栽成活,且生长差。通过砧木嫁接的方法,可提高苗的成活率并改善苗的生长状况。实验研究了接穗炼苗的天数、接穗叶片数、接口用不同外源激素处理与嫁接成活率的关系。条件优化后,嫁接后成活率可达85％,为西瓜优良品种的快速繁殖以及西瓜抗虫、抗病、品质改良等基因工程的研究奠定了基础。     

Effect of Sugars and Amino Acids on Androgenesis of Cucumis sativus

The effects of sugars (sucrose, maltose, glucose and fructose) and amino acids (glutamine, glycine, arginine, asparagine and cysteine) on embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from cultured anthers of Cucumis sativus L. cv. Calypso and Green Long were studied. Type and concentration of sugar and amino acid influenced embryogenesis. Among the different sugars tested, sucrose was the best for embryo induction with an optimal concentration of 0.25 M. Maximum of 72 and 80 embryos per 60 anthers of Calypso and Green Long, respectively, were induced on embryo induction medium [B5 (Gamborg, Miller and Ojima (1968) Exp. Cell Res. 50: 151–158) supplemented with 2.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 1.0 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA)] containing 0.25 M sucrose. The addition of amino acids to the embryo induction medium improved embryo yield with a combination of amino acids (glutamine, glycine, arginine, asparagine and cysteine of 1.0 mM each) giving the best response. Embryo differentiation was achieved on B5 medium supplemented with 0.25 μM of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.25 μM kinetin (KN) and 0.09 M sucrose. Embryos were converted on B5 medium supplemented with abscisic acid (ABA) (10 μM) and 0.09 M sucrose. Embryos that developed on B5 medium supplemented with a combination of amino acids (glutamine, glycine, arginine, asparagine and cysteine of 1.0 mM each) exhibited the highest plantlet regeneration frequency.     

番木瓜叶片愈伤组织形成、分化及再生植株移栽

研究了番木瓜的叶片愈伤组织的形成 ,并进一步诱导分化 ,离体培养成完整的试管植株 ,这对深入进行体细胞突变育种 ,以及抗病毒品系筛选和种质改良或耐贮藏等基因转化 ,提供了有用的技术和方法。     

Effect of reduced N<Superscript>6</Superscript>-Benzyladenine,explant type,expiant orientation,culture temperature and culture vessel type on regeneration of adventitious shoot and in vitro plantlets of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Spilanthes acmella</Emphasis>

Nodal expiants ofSpilanthes acmella produced normal multiple shoots when cultured vertically on Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) supplemented with 0.5 mg IT1 BA. The number of shoots formed from each expiant was doubled after first 5-week subculture. The nodal expiants placed vertically in Erlenmeyer flask (250, 500, or 1000 mL) produced more multiple shoots than those cultured in 350 mL jam bottles and 500 mL tex-Z flask. Temperature above 28C caused abnormalities of in vitro plantlets. All in vitro plantlets survived after acclimatized and transferred to the outside environment The survived plantlets did not show any morphological abnormalities in the field condition.     

Plant regeneration from stem nodal segments of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Orthosiphon stamineus</Emphasis> benth., a medicinal plant with diuretic activity

Summary A micropropagation method for Orthosiphon stamineus, using stem nodal segments, has been developed. The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6.7 μM benzyladenine with the formation of an average of 6.1 shoots per explant over a period of 4 wk. The number of shoots increased with longer culture duration on proliferation medium. Multiple shoots which were maintained on the proliferation medium for 6 wk had the highest proliferation rate. Separation of multiple shoots and culturing in larger flasks significantly promoted the growth and formation of plantlets. All the in vitro plantlets survived when transferred to the field and showed no significant morphological differences from the mother plants.     

Micropropagation of zedoary (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Curcuma zedoaria</Emphasis> Roscoe) – a valuable medicinal plant

Tissue culture propagation system was developed for zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria Roscoe), a valuable medicinal plant, using rhizome sprout cultures. Shoots were induced from rhizomes on basal MS medium containing 20 g l^–1 sucrose and 5 g l^–1 agar, supplemented with 20 (v/v) coconut water (CW) and benzylaminopurine (BA) concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 m g l^–1. The excised shoots were subcultured on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with 20 (v/v) CW and different concentrations of BA and kinetin (Kin), either alone or in combination with indolebutyric acid (IBA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). MS medium with 20 (v/v) CW, 3 mg l^–1 BA, and 0.5 mg l^–1 IBA resulted in a multiplication rate per shoot; 5.6 shoots per explant were obtained on average after 30 days of culture. Well-developed shoots (30–40 mm in length) were rooted on MS medium containing 20 g l^–1 sucrose and 8 g l^–1 agar, supplemented with 20 (v/v) CW and 2 mg l^–1 NAA. More than 95 of the rooted plants were established in pots after hardening.