濒危植物佛手参种子的非共生萌发及种苗的快速繁殖

离体条件下对佛手参种子进行了非共生萌发研究,成功实现了种子萌发,并通过根状茎增殖和分化获得了大量再生种苗。结果表明,成熟佛手参种子难以萌发,而未成熟种子具有萌发能力,萌发率可达到20％,最适萌发培养基为：1／2MS＋1．0-2．0mg·L-1。KT＋0．1mg·L—NAA＋10．0mg·L-1腺嘌呤;根状茎增殖最适培养基为：1／2MS＋3．0mg·L。6-BA＋0．1mg·L-1 NAA＋10．0mg·L。腺嘌呤;芽分化最适培养基为：1／2MS＋I．0mg·L-1 KT＋10．0mg·L-1腺嘌呤。较高浓度的细胞分裂素（1．0mg·L。KT）与较低浓度类生长素（O．1mg·L-1 NAA）的配比对佛手参种子萌发、根状茎增殖及芽分化具有明显的促进作用;较高浓度的NAAA制种子萌发。根状茎与愈伤组织的增殖能力无明显差异,但前者的分化能力却显著高于后者。     

N、P、K异质含量拟南芥试管苗的表型适应特性

以模式种拟南芥为试验材料,有别于自然环境下生长的拟南芥,借助于组织培养方法利用均匀设计对培养基中 KNO 3、NH 4 NO 3、KH 2 PO 4设置处理,探讨试管环境下拟南芥生长发育特性及对营养离子需求吸收特点,结果显示拟南芥本性地通过加强莲座叶与茎生叶的功能以增加生殖生长期的分枝数与苔高;生殖生长期影响试管苗茎生叶数、苔高的离子种类增多,离子的交互作用更加复杂。通过分析模式植物对 N、P、K 异质含量培养基的表型适应特点可推论同一植物在不同时期使用单一培养基是不合理的。     

Micropropagation of Cardiospermum Halicacabum

The in vitro studies with Cardiospermum halicacabum indicated that the different explants, i.e cotyledon, hypocotyl, cotyledonary node, leaf, internode and node had the potential to produce calli on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) and napthalene acetic acid (NAA). Calli of different explant origin showed variable growth responses on different BAP concentrations. The shoots were favourably formed from the calli of leaf and cotyledon explants. The maximum number of shoots were produced from calli subcultured on MS + BAP (17.8 µM). The roots were initiated on growth regulator free MS medium.     

Direct plant regeneration from cultured young leaf segments of sugarcane

Young leaf segments (1.0–1.5 cm) excised from spindle explants of three commercial sugarcane varieties viz. Co J 64, Co J 83 and Co J 86 were cultured on different media compositions based on Murashige and Skoog (1962) salts. Cultured explants exhibited swelling followed by direct shoot regeneration on media containing naphthaleneacetic acid, in all the three varieties. Highest frequency 83.12% shoot regeneration occurred on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (5.0 mg l⁻¹) and kinetin (0.5 mg l⁻¹) in variety Co J 83. Medium devoid of naphthaleneacetic acid and supplemented with only kinetin did not induce direct shoot regeneration in any of the varieties thus tried. Subsequently profuse rooting of shoots was observed on the same medium and complete plantlets were recovered within 6 weeks. The plantlets were hardened and transferred to soil. Tissue culture derived field-grown plants were normal and exhibited faster growth and better tillering. This developed single step method of direct plant regeneration can be used for rapid mass cloning and genetic transformation of sugarcane.     

蔗糖对84K杨树组培继代苗生长及生理特性的影响

碳源对组培苗的生长和品质具有重要影响,本实验研究了不同蔗糖浓度(10、20、30和40 g·L^-1)对84K杨树组培继代苗的生长及生理特性的影响。研究结果表明,随着培养时间的增长,30 g·L^-1的蔗糖浓度最有利于84K杨树组培继代苗的生长,其干重是10 g·L^-1蔗糖处理的1.5倍。其次,在较高的蔗糖浓度处理中,随着培养时间的增加,84K杨树组培继代苗具有较高的叶绿素含量、Rubisco酶活性及净光合速率,其中30 g·L^-1蔗糖处理的84K杨组培苗净光合速率最大,为3.617μmol·m^-2·s^-1。同时,高浓度蔗糖处理下的84K杨树组培继代苗有较高含量的可溶性糖,但其体内淀粉含量却无明显变化。     

Nodule culture and regeneration of Eucalyptus grandis hybrids

Callus of three superior Eucalyptus grandis hybrids was induced from immature inflorescences, floral parts, shoot tips, zygotic embryos, and hypocotyl explants on various auxin (2,4-D or NAA) and cytokinin (kinetin) supplemented media. Hypocotyl callus initiated on 4 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l kinetin formed massive nodular structures, and shoots and roots after four weeks on hormone free-medium. Callus from all other expiants turned brown and died upon transfer to hormone free or reduced hormone media. The nodular structures originating from hypocotyl-callus were maintained by subculture for over three years and retained the ability to form thousands of shoots. Shoots were successfully rooted (98% rooting) and plantlets developed were transferred to mist-greenhouse and then to greenhouse conditions with 95% survival. Plantlets were grown for six months in the greenhouse without sign of abnormal growth.Abbreviations NAA naphthalene acetic acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indoleacetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog Medium (1962) - IBA indolebutyric acid     

无机氮供应对甘蓝型油菜组培苗盐耐受能力的影响

该研究以甘蓝型油菜组培苗为材料，使用硝酸钠来提供唯一氮源和盐胁迫条件，测定甘蓝型油菜组培苗的生物量、叶绿素含量和叶片稳定碳同位素值，通过稳定碳同位素值评估甘蓝型油菜组培苗的自养能力，并基于自养能力研究甘蓝型油菜组培苗的无机氮供应与盐耐受能力的关系。结果表明：（1）供应40 mmol·L^-1硝态氮能消除轻度盐胁迫的不利影响，供应80 mmol·L^-1硝态氮能有效缓减中度盐胁迫的不利影响，但在重度盐胁迫条件下，即使供应过量的无机氮，甘蓝型油菜组培苗的生长仍然受到显著的抑制。（2）甘蓝型油菜组培苗的叶绿素含量随盐胁迫程度的增加而逐渐降低。（3）甘蓝型油菜组培苗的自养能力在轻度盐胁迫时达到最大，但盐胁迫程度的加剧会显著降低甘蓝型油菜组培苗的自养能力。由此可知，当植物的无机氮需求得到满足后，自养能力的强弱将决定植物的盐耐受能力，而过量的无机氮供应不能提高重度盐胁迫条件下植物的自养能力。