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291.
A high capacity for long‐distance dispersal is a key to success for species confronted with environmental heterogeneity, habitat modification, fragmentation and loss. However, dispersal capacity is difficult to quantify and therefore poorly known in most taxa. Here, we report on a test for an association of variation in dispersal capacity with variable colouration of noctuid moths. First, using data from 12 experienced lepidopterologists, we showed that despite variation among experts in average assessments, different species are consistently classified as having non‐variable, variable or highly variable colour patterns when assessed by different experts. We then compared the incidence of non‐resident species with high inter‐individual variation in colour patterns recorded on the isolated island Utklippan (n = 47), with that in a species pool of potential long‐distance dispersers from the nearest mainland (n = 295). Species with high inter‐individual colour pattern variation were over‐represented on the island compared with species having non‐variable colouration. This finding constitutes rare evidence from the wild of long‐distance dispersal, measured on a spatial scale relevant for moths when tracking habitats in fragmented and changing landscapes or when keeping pace with environmental challenges associated with climate change. Finally, we showed that Swedish noctuid moths classified as agricultural pests (n = 28) had more variable colour patterns compared with non‐pests (n = 368). The majority of agricultural pests were also recorded on the isolated island, an outcome that is indicative of pest species having high dispersal capacity. Data on colour pattern variation may thus offer a simple and cost‐effective proxy to estimate dispersal capacity and can also help identify potential pest species. Our findings are potentially useful when modelling and predicting population and range dynamics of species in spatiotemporally heterogeneous environments, with direct implications for conservation biology and pest management. 相似文献
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采用多种聚集度指标、Iwao法和Taylor幂函数法分析朝鲜球坚蚧出蛰若虫在碧桃上的空间格局。结果表明,出蛰若虫在碧桃上呈聚集分布,分布以个体群形式存在。碧桃不同段位上的聚集度指标和Iwao法均表明其为聚集分布,而Taylor幂函数法测定为上、中段均匀分布,下段聚集分布,综合分析其成因是各样地受害程度及垂直方向虫口密度差异显著所致。聚集均数λ值的测定结果表明,该虫的聚集原因主要由出蛰若虫自身的生物学习性和环境因素所引起。此外,利用空间格局参数确定了理论抽样数和序贯抽样模型。 相似文献
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研究得知湘南地区引进沾化冬枣、梨枣和骏枣的枣头一次枝(下简称枣头)伸长生长节律与本地品种鸡蛋枣相似,幼树期枣头有两次明显的伸长生长过程,其间出现生长暂缓期。从枣头年生长量看,三个引进品种均比本地品种鸡蛋枣要小,但秋季生长量比重均比鸡蛋枣还要大。三个引进品种果实均较鸡蛋枣大,果实生长规律均与鸡蛋枣相似。但各个品种果实生育期均长于鸡蛋枣。冬枣果实生育期最长为100天~110天,梨枣与骏枣果实生育较短,梨枣70天~75天,骏枣约85天,而鸡蛋枣只有65天~70天。 相似文献
295.
分析不同升温时间对乌天麻(Gastrodia elata f.glauca)、红天麻(Gastrodia elata f.elata)箭麻生长习性、花期同步及杂交种子发育影响,为早期获得高质量天麻杂交种子材料,促进天麻杂交种高效育苗提供科学依据。对乌天麻和红天麻箭麻不同时间定植升温(22℃)下花茎出苗时间、始花时间、花茎高度、杂交种子质量等进行分析。结果显示,不同升温时间是影响箭麻出苗时间、始花时间的主要因素,乌天麻集中于2月中下旬出苗,红天麻升温10~15 d后陆续出苗;生态变型是影响箭麻生育期长短、花期花朵数的主要因素,乌天麻比红天麻生育期长21.47 d,对花期及蒴果采收期无较大影响,红天麻比乌天麻更易完成抽薹;不同升温时间条件下,乌天麻挂果率为87.76%,红天麻挂果率为94.53%;母本决定杂交种子质量,以红天麻为母本、乌天麻为父本所得杂交种子活性为94.32%,优于以乌天麻为母本、红天麻为父本所得杂交种子活性。因此,生产中应于1月中旬对乌天麻开始升温,待乌天麻出苗后(15 d左右)开始对红天麻升温催芽,使得乌天麻与红天麻于3月中上旬花期同步,4月初可获得优良杂交天麻种子。 相似文献
296.
Many classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs; including Y RNAs, vault RNAs, RNase P RNAs, and MRP RNAs, as well as a novel class recently discovered in Dictyostelium discoideum) can be characterized by a pattern of short but well-conserved sequence elements that are separated by poorly conserved regions of sometimes highly variable lengths. Local alignment algorithms such as BLAST are therefore ill-suited for the discovery of new homologs of such ncRNAs in genomic sequences. The Fragrep tool instead implements an efficient algorithm for detecting the pattern fragments that occur in a given order. For each pattern fragment, the mismatch tolerance and bounds on the length of the intervening sequences can be specified separately. Furthermore, matches can be ranked by a statistically well-motivated scoring scheme. 相似文献
297.
Abstract The relative electrophoretic mobilities of various enzymes from 24 different streptomycetes were determined on polyacrylamide gels in order to examine the relatedness of species and strains of the genus Streptomyces . Of 11 different enzymes tested in this study, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase showed a limited number of constant and reproducible polymorphic enzyme patterns, by comparing which the inter-specific relationships could be examined. In contrast, glucose dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, peroxidase and esterase exhibited either weak non-reproducible or highly heterogeneous band patterns which were suitable for dissecting the strains within a species and a cluster group. 相似文献
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Anthony R. Russo 《International Review of Hydrobiology》1984,69(4):521-528
The spatial patterns of sea anemones (genus: Anthopleura) were analyzed off the rocky intertidal of California. A. elegantissima partitions space in a regular or even pattern and interferes with conspecifics. Its associate A. xanthogrammica shows no signs of interference with conspecifics or congenerics and displays a clumped spatial distribution. 相似文献